RUNNING HEAD: CASE ANALYSIS LYNN DIXON 1

Case Study Analysis

Melodi Ak

Purdue University

EDCI 672

November 20, 2022

CASE ANALYSIS LYNN DIXON 2

Stakeholder ID Role Concerns

Lynn Designer - Concerned about not designing a kiosk before and having limited
time to commit to project
- Concerned about the 20-minute time frame for interactivity
- Concerned about Ben’s expectations correlated to the budget

Aquarium Audience - Interested in learning facts about World Wetlands Day

Visitors

Laura Barton Client - Interested in developing a touch-screen kiosk to improve the

visitor experience
- Interested in kiosk software emphasizing connections and
relationships between aquatic life and aboriginal culture

Ben Williams SME - Interested in being able to answer Lynn’s questions and involved
in day-to-day matters of the project
- Interested in kiosk software emphasizing connections and
relationships between aquatic life and aboriginal culture
- Concerned about high-quality animations being included

Janette Head of - Concerned about keeping the project within the budget and
Sales features like animations and audio realistic for the client
Division - Interested in bridging the needs of the client and communication
between the designer and the client

Key ID challenges

Analysis: The analysis challenge involves the diverse audience that designer Lynn must cater to

for the content to have relevancy. This challenge serves as a catalyst to the request by client Laura to

make content from various regions of Australia relatable to the various age ranges and geographically

diverse audiences that will come to see the aquarium and interact with the kiosk. While Lynn states “I

do think that some of the sections will be more relevant to particular audiences than others… the

combination of all sections should provide a bit of something for everyone”, Lynn does not offer a

detailed solution (Ertmer et al, p. 235, 2019).

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Design: The design challenge that the team faces is the design outline that Lynn created did not

satisfy all the needs and wants of the client. While Lynn did hit the core concepts from the initial

discussion, including the regional showcase, wetland overview, connectivity, and threats to the

wetlands, and balanced the usage of medium interactivity throughout the Kiosk, Ben and Laura pointed

out that Lynn missed out on details about the ongoing relationship between the wetlands, Great Barrier

Reef and the catchment areas. The design challenge of excluding the client’s request ultimately impacts

the design phase from moving to the development phase as Lynn must go back and see what she can re-

design given the case constraints.

Case-Specific challenges

Budgetary Constraint: The budget constraint causes concern for designer Lynn to consider the

request of her stakeholders, including voice actors and animations. For example, Ben has noted

numerous times he would like high-quality animations, that are outside of the budget to which Janette

responds with the statement of work agreeing upon “20 minutes at an average interactivity level of

“Medium” across the entire kiosk” (Ertmer et al, p. 232, 2019). Lynn proposes in her design document a

mixture of low, medium, and high interactivity which ultimately coincides with the client’s statement of

work, but still does not satisfy Ben’s wishes to have high-quality animations.

Storytelling: Lynn did not include the storytelling elements that Ben and Laura were seeking

within her design document. Ben is specifically seeking storytelling to describe “the Aboriginal

relationship between the Wetlands, Great Barrier Reef, and catchment areas” (Ertmer et al, p. 233,

2019) and to “get someone to read an Aboriginal Dreamtime story on the kiosk” with an Aboriginal

descent accent” (Ertmer et al, p. 233, 2019).

Time Constraint: Lynn is limited in the amount of time she can devote to the Aquarium project

due to pre-existing projects she must also focus her attention on. Throughout the case study, she brings

up her limited time to commit to the project. This struggle for focus/attention and time commitment to

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the Wetlands project is shown by Lynn’s forgetfulness of the aboriginal storytelling in the original design

document. Additionally, Lynn expressed her frustration with the agreed-upon 20-minute timeline on the

kiosk, which makes it challenging for her to develop a well-thought-out design that includes each

component Laura and Ben want the kiosk program to include.

Lack of Experience: Lynn expressed that she is unfamiliar with developing a kiosk program and

was unsure if the Telopea graphic design team would have any input. She will be set back due to this

challenge by having to research how to develop a kiosk and find resources to assist her throughout the

project. Lynn will be forced to take part in the analogy of “building a plane as you fly it.”

Prioritization of ID and case-specific challenges

1. Budgetary Constraint: Prioritized first, budgetary constraints are the most pressing issue presented

within this case study. This is a culmination of the concerned feedback Ben shares on the quality of

the animations that Lynn presents more than once. In addition, the client who is the customer is

concerned about the relatability of the content to an international audience and Lynn has a limited

voice actor budget as well to cater to international languages. This could cause the client to be

unsatisfied with the final project given their limited budget to get what they truly want.

2. Time Constraint: This comes in second place as Lynn’s issue with time commitment to the aquarium

project is likely going to hinder the quality of the final product. Since she must juggle multiple

projects at the same time, Lynn may need to speak with Janette about readjusting her projects to

have other team members focus on her other projects and spend more time on the aquarium

project. This is a critical and stressful aspect for Lynn to handle, especially since she is limited to a

20-minute project that she has expressed her frustration and concern about the limited length of

the content allotted to fit everything.

3. Design: While Lynn only presented the design draft to the client and Ben, ultimately, it can threaten

her reputation by not including key elements like forgetting to include the Ben and Laura had

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indicated in their initial conversation. This is in third place since it has already occurred but impacts

the level of trust that Laura and Ben have with the aquarium moving forward.

4. Storytelling: In fourth place within the challenges are the storytelling elements of the Aboriginals

that Lynn did not include within her initial design proposal that Ben really pushes for. Given the time

constraint listed below, there is a trickle effect of now seeing if there is space to include the

aboriginal stories or what alterations that need to be moved around that could negatively impact

the design and satisfaction of the client and Ben.

5. Analysis: In fifth place is the analysis issue of the diverse audience in age and cultural background.

This ID challenge requires Lynn to go back to the drawing board to include elements of relatability

between the audience and the content of Australian wildlife to the international population. This is

towards the end of the list because Lynn has not yet showcased her ability to provide a solution and

will be something that will be approved, or she will need to work with the team to finalize ideas they

approve of.

6. Lack of Experience: Listed in last place is Lynn’s lack of experience. Being an educated and ambitious

ID professional, this case-specific challenge does not necessarily mean that Lynn cannot persevere. If

Lynn does further research to compensate for her lack of knowledge in Kiosk design she can make

high-quality content that meets the project parameters.

Contribution of weekly readings to case analysis

This week’s readings impacted my ability to understand that Lynn will be able to satisfy her

client’s demands of creating an “average interactivity level of the medium across the entire kiosk”

(Ertmer et al, p. 231, 2019). The Hoffler and Leutner, 2007 article helped to debunk my initial thoughts

that the pressure Ben was placing on Lynn to create higher animation quality given the budget and

project Statement of Work, that “when the visualization is intended to play a decorational rather than a

representational role, animations are not superior to static pictures”

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(Hoffler and Leutner, 2007). We know that Ben is seeking more of the “decorational” impact as seen

from his request of “a bird flying high in the sky, zooming around…” that would not serve an education

but more of a visual aesthetic pleasure (Ertmer et al, p. 232, 2019). I believe that Ben will ultimately see

the impact of using instructional visualizations once he sees the evidence from surveys of the

educational impact of the medium level of interactivity that fits his team’s budget than the “bells and

whistles” version he believes is important pertaining to high-quality animation.

With that being said, the Sun & Mayer 2012 shed light on the solution that I believe would be

helpful for Lynn to produce medium level of interactivity by incorporating “ instructive graphics as

learners are more likely to engage in instructionally appropriate cognitive processing when they receive

instructive graphics which draw their attention towards the essential content” (Sung & Mayer, p. 1623,

2012). I was originally considering utilizing more seductive graphics, ones that are highly interesting but

perhaps not relevant to the instructional goal. This article was quite eye-opening for me to include more

directionally relevant pictures, ones that tie into the aboriginal culture and actions that they would take

and other educational requests that both Laura and Ben had indicated they wanted while straying away

from the “fancy animations” that Ben had really wanted (sorry Ben!).

Contribution of personal experiences to case analysis

Interestingly, I am currently facing the issues that Lynn faces by being thrown several training

requests and feeling overwhelmed. I have been fortunate enough to rely on other training colleagues to

pick up the extra weight on my shoulders which I think Lynn needs to do with her other projects not

related to the aquarium! I also think that having a tight budget is a common budget that many ID

professionals face, including myself. I can honestly say that I am limited in the number of software

programs I can use. In addition, even if I were to have access to more comprehensive software, I would

need to need to have more time to develop more comprehensive animations which in a fast-paced, KPI-

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driven corporate environment is not a realistic expectation. I do empathize with Lynn for being an

experienced professional, knowing the guidelines that stakeholder sets and still having to hear requests

come from stakeholders like Ben who like to have their own creative ideas that fall outside of the

intended State of Work. I am normally an outspoken person and I find myself having to remind certain

stakeholders at work that despite what they want we have to create a working solution within project

parameters that meet our intended request.

For example, for one safety project, I shared with the stakeholder that I would need to use

Articulate Storyline as the most comprehensive software program to create the information in a

dynamic and engaging way with pictures and characters in role-playing scenarios. Unfortunately, this

stakeholder kept bringing up a software program he used that had realistic human voice audio features

since Storyline uses robotic voices. I shared this with my manager and they stated that we could not

afford the audio software. I conveyed this to the stakeholder, yet they insisted on having me use their

software program on their personal laptop, which is a violation of our IT corporate policy. I do

empathize with Lynn having to work with difficult stakeholders and believe challenges come from

working with diverse sets of stakeholders!

Solutions Design challenges Case-specific challenges addressed

addressed

Solution #1: -Analysis: This solution -Storytelling: Lynn will be able to provide a
Lynn will speak with would allow Lynn to meet comprehensive storytelling from the
Janette about the demands of the client perspective of a local aboriginal historian,
transferring some of and stakeholders to create meeting the request of her client Laura and
her Telopia Learning content that is relatable to stakeholder Ben.
assignments to other visitors from continents all -Time Constraint: By requesting from
designers as she over the world, and local Janette to have her design colleagues in
focuses on the Australian visitors as well. Telopia Learning assist with her projects,
aquarium assignment. In addition, by offering she will have more bandwidth to focus on
Additionally, Lynn continental facts from all the aquarium project. As a result of the
with tell Jeanette she over the world, visitors will added research she needs to do to cater to
needs more feel like the content is the diverse audience, she will be focusing
bandwidth reserved relatable from the Kiosk to more of her time early in the project, so her
to research how to their personal lives. In teammates’ assistance will greatly impact

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CASE ANALYSIS LYNN DIXON
build out a Kiosk since addition, people of diverse
this is her first-time age groups and cultural
building one. Lynn can backgrounds from around
incorporate the world will be able to
similarities and connect with instructive
differences of each imagery rather than being
continent’s word heavy.
geographic diversity -Design: The missing gaps
and ecosystems in within the design would be
comparison to those incorporated by this
of the wetlands. There solution. The aboriginal
will also be the historian would impact the
utilization of creation of the storytelling
instructive visuals aspects that Ben is seeking
rather than heavy and Laura’s request to have
text, and can find a a connection between the
local aboriginal various geographies of
historian from a non- Australia. The issue of the
profit organization to Australian accent will be
bring the storytelling covered by the narration of
of Australia to life. a local Aboriginal historian.
Solution #2: -Analysis: Lynn will be able
Lynn has an honest to clarify expectations
conversation with Ben within her conversation
and Laura about the with Ben and Laura to
disconnect between clarify how she intends to
the original project address all the content
expectations initially requests within the project
discussed with the Statement of Work. Once
Sales team and the Lynn asks for an extended
abilities of the Design timeframe for the content
team with the given and an expanded budget,
parameters from the this will allow for the
client (i.e. timeline, analysis portion to include
budget, resources, further objectives that tie
etc.). Lynn will request into the different
flexibility with the geographies covered and
budget and timeline trickle into the design
expectations of phase of how Lynn intends
stretching the Kiosk to bring their ideas to life.
module past 20 -Design: Lynn’s ability to
minutes to cover all ask for a n increased
the requests from Ben budget will allow for the
and Laura. creation of higher quality
animations catering to
Ben’s requests and cater to
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the quality of her aquarium project.
-Budgetary: The volunteer of the aboriginal
Historian would not impact the budget,
thus keeping within budgetary constraints.
Additionally, Lynn asking her colleagues to
take on her projects would assist with her
ability to stay within budgetary constraints
of the aquarium project.
-Lack of Experience: Lynn will be able to
have the additional time and bandwidth
thanks to her conversation with Jeanette to
focus on learning how to develop a Kiosk
with less distractions from her other
projects.
-Storytelling: This solution will allow Ben
and Lynn to discuss what specific elements
of storytelling that Ben can expect to see
within the Kiosk given the parameters of
the Statement of Work.
-Time Constraint: By Lynn requesting for
more time on the project length, Lynn will
be able to create more content meeting the
stakeholder’s requests than the original
limited 20-minute time frame. The
additional time can incorporate more
content that feeds into the goals of what
Laura wants, which is relatability to a wide
audience ranging from cultural and age
diversity to Ben’s request to create more
storytelling components throughout the
Kiosk content.
-Budgetary: By Lynn asking for more money
for the project, Ben will be a satisfied
stakeholder by getting the animations that
he wants. In addition, Laura will be able to
have Australian voice actors hired to have a
more authentic aboriginal experience
rather than the budget-friendly Lynn’s
American accent being featured in the
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CASE ANALYSIS LYNN DIXON
Laura’s request for a voice
actor that ties into the
authenticity of the
aboriginal accent for the
Kiosk as well.
Solutions Pros
Solution #1: -Analysis: Laura the client will
Lynn hands off have her expectations met from
work to an international relatability and
colleagues, audio standpoint.
provides -Design: Ben will have his
continental storytelling factors considered
comparison, by a local Aboriginal historian
finds local thus creating an authentic
aboriginal experience for the audience.
historian, -Storytelling: Ben and Laura will
includes be able to see the
instructive interconnectedness of the Kiosk
visuals content with the help of the
local aboriginal historian.
-Time Constraint: Lynn will be
able to pass her previous work
assignments off to other
designers at her company
opening bandwidth to focus on
the added elements of the
continental comparison and
working with the local historian.
-Budgetary: The local volunteer
historian would be aiding the
budget by adding no added cost
to the project.
-Lack of Experience: Because of
the added bandwidth from her
colleagues assisting with her
previous projects, Lynn will
have more time to focus on
learning how to create a Kiosk
throughout the project.
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Kiosk.
-Lack of Experience: With an extended
timeline, Lynn will have more time to learn
how to create a Kiosk and more
opportunities to learn through trial and
error before she submits the final Kiosk for
the launch day.
Cons
-Analysis: Lynn’s colleagues may not have
the bandwidth to take on Lynn’s extra
projects and Lynn may be stuck with more
work because of the continental comparison
element she needs to add to the Kiosk. There
will also be the issue of going past the 20-
minute timeline with the added continental
comparison idea.
-Design: Ben will not have high-quality
animations and need to settle for instructive
visuals. Lynn will have to do a hard sell with
research backing her reasoning as to why
instructive visuals fit the Statement of Work
for “Medium” interactivity and allow for the
audience to have key takeaways from the
Kiosk.
-Storytelling: The local aboriginal historian
may be difficult to find and may not
necessarily specialize in understanding the
Austrian geography and aboriginal cultural
history.
-Time Constraint: The added features of the
continental comparison may cause the
timeline to surpass 20 minutes and for some
elements to be sacrificed within the Kiosk
content.
-Budgetary: The reality that a local
historian’s organization could ask for a
charitable donation to use the local historian
for the aquarium project is a likelihood for a
fellow non-profit.
-Lack of Experience: Laura will have to
continue researching how to build a high-
quality Kiosk and come across issues that she
will need to rely upon herself or the internet
given that she has assigned her other
projects to her colleagues and their
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bandwidth is now limited.

Solution #2: Lynn -Analysis: Allows Lynn to have
has an open more budget and time to create
conversation relatable content for
with international audiences.
stakeholders, -Design: Lynn will be able to
Lynn asks for hire voice actors to meet the
more funding authenticity request by Laura
and expansion of and Ben’s request for higher
the 20-minute quality animations.
content -Storytelling: Allows Lynn to
timeframe. hire a local aboriginal to
provide an Australian accent
and incorporate more
storytelling components into
the Kiosk.
-Time Constraint: Expands past
the 20-minute limit to allow for
more content requests by the
stakeholders.
-Budgetary: Discusses the
budgetary constraints and
allows for more flexibility of
content creation for Lynn to
meet the stakeholders’ needs.
-Lack of Experience: An
increased budget can include
further access of Kiosk
resources for Lynn to utilize to
sharpen her novice Kiosk
making skills.
-Analysis: Scope creep could occur and the
project scope for the international audience
could be too broad and lose the interest of
Kiosk visitors.
-Design: By catering to Ben’s demands for
high-quality animation, the risk of more
decorative animations could deter from the
illustrative and educational nature of the
content resulting in low knowledge retention
by visitors.
-Storytelling: The storytelling could
overwhelm audience members that struggle
to understand the aboriginal accent. Also
does not address international languages
outside of English.
-Time Constraint: Too long of a time frame
could result in audience members losing
attention and as mentioned above not
retaining key takeaways from the kiosk
content.
-Budgetary: Budgets often fluctuate
throughout a project and despite asking for
more money initially, further requests for
finances could be denied and impact the
quality of the Kiosk content.
-Lack of Experience: Even if educational
material is purchased with the extended
budget for Lynn to learn more about Kiosk
building, it would come to a point where
Lynn risks her reputation as a designer on a
novice project.

Final recommendation (Solution #1)

My final recommendation would be to have Lynn hand off some of her previous work projects

to her colleagues, create an intercontinental comparison within the Kiosk, and find a local aboriginal

historian from a non-profit and a Kiosk that includes instructive visuals. Overall, I believe this

solution is superior to the second solution as I can satisfy almost all the demands of the stakeholder

Ben and client Laura. Both Ben and Laura will be able to receive storytelling aspects from an

aboriginal perspective and Lynn will win over Laura by providing relatability to the diverse audience

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at the aquarium. The most challenging aspect would be for Lynn to stand her ground to Ben and

provide research, similar to how I researched the usage of illustrative imagery being superior to

decorative imagery. I believe Lynn can use the power of science-backed research to indicate her

findings to an academic like Ben as well (Sun & Mayer, 2014).

Similarly, Lynn will need to mitigate the risk of providing her colleagues with additional work,

which can strain her work relationships. I believe if Lynn can sit down with Jeanette and the design

team at Telopea Learning and leverage Jeanette’s sales and people skills to mitigate the negative

feelings Lynn’s design team may feel about taking on Lynn’s workload would be beneficial. It will

also be important for Lynn to communicate with Laura and Ben throughout the project to mitigate

the risk of scope creep, causing the project to go over the intended 20-minute timeframe with the

extra additions of continental comparison information Lynn will be creating. Should the team feel

like more than 20 minutes of content needs to be delivered to the Kiosk, then there needs to be a

team meeting to discuss what that plan will look like and how the budget of the aquarium would fit

into that request.

References

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Ertmer, P. A., Quinn, J. A., & Glazewski, K. D. (2014). The ID Casebook: Case Studies in Instructional

Design (4th Edition ed.). Boston: Pearson.

Höffler, Tim N. & Leutner, Detlev. (2009). Instructional animation versus static pictures: A meta-analysis.

Learning and Instruction, 17:722-738-249. doi: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.09.013

Sung, Eunmo, & Mayer, Richard E. (2014). When graphics improve liking but not learning from online

lessons. Computers in Human Behavior, 28:1618-1625. Retrieved from

http://www.elsevier.com/locate/comphumbeh

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