Chapter 8

CROSS-CASE ANALYSIS

This chapter presents the result of the qualitative case study

research questions which served as the purveyor of data from the

informants. These research question are as follow:

1. How do the participants describe the perception of the student

in online class during covid 19 pandemic ?

After conducting the in-depth interviews with my informants which

resulted in many pages of transcribed texts, formal analysis of data began.

It started with understanding and becoming familiar with the transcribed

data from recorded audio of the interviews. Some of the interviewees

responded in English language and the others answered in Cebuano

language. Transcripts and responses which are vernacular were translated

into English language making sure that the thoughts are still preserved in

the same context to uphold the concepts the same with the transcript. In

addition, the process also involved decision-making about which data would

suit the study and deemed to be useful and related to the two research

questions. The aims of research and study are: knowledge, truth, and

avoidance of error. It is significant to understand the prohibitions against

fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data. The focus must

always be the truth with an effort to minimize error.

Research necessitates a great lot of collaboration and coordination

among people from other disciplines, as well as ethical norms to foster

 collaborative work principles including trust, responsibility, mutual respect,
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and fairness (Resnik, 2015).

Case studies are ideal for delving into novel, little-understood

behavior. As a result, the method is especially beneficial for answering

how and why questions about a series of occurrences. Furthermore,

scholars have claimed that other than qualitative methodologies such as

case studies, certain types of material can be difficult or even impossible to

convey. An important advantage of case study research is the opportunity

for a holistic paradigm of the process, which is the detailed observations

involved in the case study method, which allow us to study various issues,

scrutinize their relationships, and view the totality within its environment.

Within-case analysis and the use of theory or concepts to drive the

research are both possible in a case study (Gummesson, 2008; Hartley,

2009; Leonard, 2010; Meyer, 2001; Sykes, 2010).

How do the participants describe the perception of the student in

online class during covid 19 pandemic?

To answer these research questions, an in-depth interview was conducted

to three informants. Several sub-questions were asked to draw out their insights

and experiences either good or bad. Several emergent themes were identified.

Analysis of Themes

Thematic analysis is a method of analyzing qualitative data. It is usually

applied to a set of texts, such as interview transcripts. The researcher closely

examines the data to identify common themes – topics, ideas and patterns of
meaning that come up repeatedly (Caulfield, 2020). Themes are important

patterns in the description of phenomena that are linked with a specific research

question. The researcher conducted an in-depth interview among the five BSED-

Science students at Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges to gather the data

needed to describe the perception of the student in online class during covid 19

pandemic

Moreover, the researcher transcribed the entire interview patiently, and then

read the transcription thoroughly. After that, the researcher generated codes

based on the responses of the participants. All the codes which previously

generated were converted into themes. Moreover, with the help of the codes,

some themes and sub-themes were also created. This process is usually done

with the help of the visuals so that a reader can take an in-depth look at first

glance itself (Nicolas, 2020).

After that, the researcher classified the data as to its category and relevance

and presented the themes thorough the research question formulated in the

study. Doing thematic analysis helps the researcher to come up with different

themes on the given texts that are subjected to research. It is useless to read a

text or observe it if someone is not able to decode all the themes that are present

in it (Orwell, 2019).

Then, the researcher reviewed the themes and the first set of data that he

received. Reviewing the themes aims to make sure that none of the data has left

from analyzing during these steps and to decide about the final themes for
analysis. Lastly, the researcher made the table that shows the data, which are

classified and grouped to create emergent themes.

Implications for Practice

After the in-depth analysis, the following findings were drawn:

Findings of the study revealed that there were positive perception namely

improve flexibility, financial, accessible, family-oriented, study-oriented goal-

oriented, while the negative perception of the student in online class during covid

19 pandemic is, distraction, inconsiderate and unapproachable teacher, poor

internet connection, health issues, cheating, poor study habit

The results of the study can be used as a reference material to other

researchers who are conducting studies concerning online class learning. This

positive impact may help those significant persons who will conduct the same

study in order to further acknowledge the perception in online class to the

students specifically to their academic performance.. This study also found the

negative perception of the student in online class during covid 19 pandemic.

There were problems encountered by the students on the online class. Through

this, readers can gain insights on ideas as to how their approach would be if

problems such as what the participants encountered arise.

Implication for Future Research

The results of the research could not generate a generalization of the

perception of the student in online class during covid 19 pandemic of all the

students at RMMC. Hence, a study of the same kind may be conducted to other

majors and courses to validate its results.

 Moreover, further research may be done to re-interview some of the

participants of the study to see whether the perception of the online class

learning to their academic performance changed over some time.

Concluding Remarks

The study focused on the discussion on the different views of BSED-

Science students regarding the impact of mobile learning application towards

students’ academic achievement based on their experiences and perceptions as

well as the constructs which emerged from the information gleaned through in-

depth interviews.

From the results of the study, the researcher can say that there is a positive

perception of online class in improving the grades of the students. However, it

cannot be denied that online class also have negative perception to the

academic performance of the students. Therefore, the school administrators,

teachers and the parents should address and fix all the issues that students

experienced in e-learning and look into their learning needs by providing them

with support intended for them.

To answer this research question, an in-depth interview was

conducted to five informants. There are several sub-questions were asked

to draw out their insights and experiences either good or bad, in their

workplaces.

Several emergent themes was identified as Technology-based

Facilitators, Strong Subject of Knowledge, Conquerors, Critical Thinkers,

Faced Various Challenges, Adaptable, Flexible, and Great Motivators.

Table 1.

Summary of the cluster themes and emergent themes of the positive

impact of online class during covid 19 pandemic

Cluster Themes Emergent Themes

Flexible class participation time Flexibility
Save those extra expenses, less automobile Cost effectiveness
cost
Their study process much quicker and easier
Accessible
The students can continue to learn even if they
are far or wherever they are. No need to go to
school library
The students can be able to have more time Family – oriented
with their family.
More on focus to the learning Study – oriented

The learner is responsible for his/her learning Goal – oriented

even if he/she is lack of resources.

The participants revealed that flexibility, cost effectiveness, accessible,

family-oriented, study-oriented goal-oriented, are the positive impacts of mobile

learning application towards their academic achievement that they have

experience. This is supported by the study of (Petrides, 2002; Schrum, 2002).

Flexibility is an area of strength of the online learning environment that has been

identified by researchers. In he reported that participants revealed that it was

easier to work in collaborative groups in an online course, since there were no

less needs to rearrange everyone’s schedule. In addition to flexibility with time,

choices related to the learning experience were also reported as positive.

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Table 2.

Summary of the cluster themes and emergent themes of the negative

perception in online learning during covid 19 pandemic.

Cluster Themes Emergent Themes

Inability to focus because of many distraction
Distraction
like social media
Some teachers don’t consider the problem that
the students encounter and they are not also Inconsiderate and
approachable unapproachable Teachers
Unstable Internet connection Poor internet connection
The learner’s health has been plummeted. Health issues
Instructor cannot recognize is the student are
cheating or opening their notes during Cheating
assessment
The attitude of the students, Not doing the
activities on time or beforehand. Not taking
Poor Study Habits
down notes instead only using the phone for
recording or just take a picture

Participants revealed that they were experience distraction, Inconsiderate

and unapproachable teachers, Poor internet connection, Health issues,

Cheating, Poor study habit are the negative perception in online class during

covid 19 pandemic.