Current transformers systems used in three-phase networks

In this practice, we are going to work on different current transformer systems, but
first of all, we are going to explain a little about them.
A current transform system are passive machines that pass electrical energy between
circuits. In the secondary circuit, a magnetic flux induces an electromotive force (fem),
thereby raising or lowering the voltages without altering the frequency.
There are different types of electrical systems and therefore transformers have to
work in compatible systems. A 3-phase transformer works with a 3-phase AC
(alternating current) electrical system to provide consumers with stable and safe
electricity for devices. Depending on the industry or application, the size, design, volt
and ampere rating, and load capacity of the three-phase transformer will differ.

In this practice, we are going to use 3 types of current transformers:

 Star system of three current transformer
 Holmgreen system
 Cross-system of two current transformer
-Star System

IL11 IL21 IL31 IN1 IL12 IL22 IL32 IN2 IL12’ IL22’ IL32’ ILN2’
No.
A A A A A A A A A A A A
1 3.12 3.12 3.09 0 1.55 1.54 1.55 0 1.56 1.56 1.54 0
5
2 2.88 2.85 0 1.48 1.39 1.32 0.24 0 1.44 1.425 0 0
3 2.24 0 0 2.23 0.82 0.32 0.30 0 1.12 0 0 0

-Holmgreen System

IL11 IL21 IL31 IN1 IN2 IN2’=v· IN2

No.
A A A A A A
1 3.07 3.10 3.09 0 0 0
2 2.92 2.56 0 1.49 0 0
3 2.22 0 0 2.20 0 0

-Cross System

IL11 IL21 IL31 I I’=v·I

No.
A A A A A
1 2.33 2.31 1.80 0 0
2 1.70 1.71 0 0 0
 3 0 0 0 0 0

Figure 1
Three-phase transformers are used in most electrical systems for power generation,
distribution, and transmission. They are used to increase or decrease the voltage in a
three-phase system. There are many different manufacturers of three-phase
transformers on the market today that guarantee that their transformers will save
more for broad electricity distribution. They even offer custom auto-transformers
based on your requirements.
Let's take a look at some of the advantages and disadvantages of a three-phase
transformer:
1. Advantages of Three-phase transformers over Single-phase transformers
- Inexpensive: Compared with single-phase transformers, 3-phase transformers are
cheaper. It has a lower cost when compared to three units of a single-phase
transformer.
- Lightweight: Three-phase transformers are light in weight and smaller in size than
single-phase transformers, which means they take up less space.
- Assembly in the least time: Very easy to assemble. We can get a single-phase source
from three-phase transformers, while the opposite is not valid.
- Higher efficiency: The three-phase transformer performs its functions more efficiently
and delivers more power than a single-phase transformer.
- Easier to install: Pre-wired 3-phase transformer is ready to install, making the
installation very easy and smooth.
- Easy transportation: To provide the same output, the material used to fabricate the
core of a 3-phase transformer is very little compared to that of 3 single-phase
transformers.
Therefore, they aren't only easy transportation but also lower shipping costs.
2. Disadvantages of 3-phase transformers
The more significant cost of standby units: The individual cost of redundant equipment
is high and makes it difficult to repair or correct any problems. In a 3-phase
transformer, a common core is shared across all three units. Therefore, if the unit is
defective or is damaged, the entire three-phase transformer must be shut down.
Cost of repair: Repair costs for 3-phase transformers are higher because it is very costly
to change each component. Hence, for service recovery, the spare unit cost is higher
when compared with single-phase transformers.
Reduced capacity: Because the 3-phase transformer is self-cooled, the transformer's
power is also reduced simultaneously.
Fault correction: In the event of a fault in any phase of a 3-phase transformer, the fault
is transferred to the other two phases. Therefore, the entire unit needs to be replaced.