A

MICRO PROJECT REPORT ON

“impact study of vehicular pollution on environment”

Submitted By

Mr. Suryagan Onkar Tatyasaheb [RollNo.02]

Mr. kumbhar Chaitanya Vasant [RollNo.05]

Mr. Ghadage Amit Ramchandra [RollNo.07]

In the partial fulfilment of the requirement of

Diploma in Civil Engineering

Approved By,

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

Under The Guidance Of

Miss Pol A.B

Department of Civil Engineering

 An Education Empowered by industry.

FABTECH TECHNICAL CAMPUS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

RESEARCH POLYTECHNIC (SHIFT), SANGOLA Year2020-21

An Education Empowered by industry...

FABTECH TECHNICAL CAMPUS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING& RESEARCH

POLYTECHNIC (SHIFT), SANGOLA

Certificate
This is to certify that

Mr. Suryagan Onkar Tatyasaheb [Roll No.02]

Mr. kumbhar Chaitanya Vasant [Roll No.05]

Mr. Ghadage Amit Ramchandra [Roll No.07]

Of TY[Civil] have satisfactorily and successfully completed their micro project

entitled as,
 impact study of vehicular pollution on environment

And have submitted this micro project report in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the Subject Course Public Health Engineering of the MSBTE
during academic year 2020-21.

Date:

Project Guide H.O.D

(Miss. Pol A.B) (Mr.Kolekar S.S)

Principal

(Mr. Pawar S.L)

 INDEX

SR.NO. CONTENT PAGE

NO.
1 Introduction 1
2 Ingredients of air pollution 2
3 Causes of vehicular pollution 3
4 How to reduce vehicular pollution 5
5 Refferance 10
6 Conclusion 11
 INTRODUCTION

The large majority of today's cars and trucks travel by

using internal combustion engines that burn gasoline or other
fossil fuels. The process of burning gasoline to power cars
and trucks contributes to air pollution by releasing a variety of
emissions into the atmosphere. Emissions that are released
directly into the atmosphere from the tailpipes of cars and
trucks are the primary source of vehicular pollution. But motor
vehicles also pollute the air during the processes of
manufacturing, refueling, and from the emissions associated
with oil refining and distribution of the fuel they burn.
Primary pollution from motor vehicles is pollution that is
emitted directly into the atmosphere, whereas secondary
pollution results from chemical reactions between pollutants
after they have been released into the air.

Vehicular pollution is the introduction of harmful material

into the environment by motor vehicles. These materials,
known as pollutants, have several bad effects on human
health and the ecosystem. Transportation is a major source
of air pollution in many countries around the world due to the
high number of vehicles that are available on the roads today.
An increase in purchasing power means that more people
can now afford cars and this is bad for the environment.
 Ingredients of Vehicular Pollution :

The following are the major pollutants associated with

motor vehicles:
 Ozone- The primy ingredient in urban smog, ozone is created
when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides—both of which are
chemicals released by automobile fuel combustion—react
with sunlight. Though beneficial in the upper atmosphere, at
the ground level ozone can irritate the respiratory system,
causing coughing, choking, and reduced lung capacity.

 Particulate matter- These particles of soot, metals, and

pollen give smog its murky color. Among vehicular pollution,
fine particles pose the most serious threat to human health by
penetrating deep into lungs.
 Nitrogen oxides- These vehicular pollutants can cause lung
irritation and weaken the body's defenses against respiratory
infections such as pneumonia and influenza. In addition, they
assist in the formation of ozone and particulate matter.

 Carbon monoxide- This odorless, colorless gas is formed by

the combustion of fossil fuels such as gasoline. Cars and
trucks are the source of nearly two-thirds of this pollutant.
When inhaled, CO blocks the transport of oxygen to the
brain, heart, and other vital organs in the human body.
Newborn children and people with chronic illnesses are
especially susceptible to the effects of CO.

 Sulphur dioxide- Motor vehicles create this pollutant by

burning sulfur-containing fuels, especially diesel. It can react
in the atmosphere to form fine particles and can pose a
health risk to young children and asthmatics.

 Hazardous air pollutants- These chemical compounds,

which are emitted by cars, trucks, refineries, gas pumps, and
related sources.
Causes of Vehicular Pollution :

The main cause of vehicular pollution is the rapidly growing number

of vehicles. The other factors of vehicular pollution in the urban areas
are 2-stroke engines, poor fuel quality, old vehicles, inadequate
maintenance, congested traffic, poor road condition and old
automotive technologies and traffic management system.

Impacts of Vehicular Pollution :

These are some of the consequences of pollution:
(i) Global warming :
Emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere leads to
depletion of the ozone layer and this causes global warming. The
result of this is adverse weather that more often than not results in
loss of life and property. Global warming is a concern for many major
world governments and deliberate efforts have been made to reduce
it. With the ozone layer depleted, the harmful ultraviolet rays of the
sun can reach the lower surface of the earth and harm humans and
other living organisms on the planet.

(ii) Poor quality of air :

There are countries where the quality of air is so poor that people
wear masks to reduce the amounts of harmful substances inhaled.
This is not something to smile about because aside from the fact that
you have to walk around with a mask all day, which is not
comfortable, there is also the possibility of health complications.
Countries that have a high number of old vehicles generally have a
problem when it comes to this. It’s the reason why many
governments have also banned the importation of vehicles older than
a certain number of years.

(iii) International reputation :

Cleaning up the atmosphere is a serious concern globally. This is the
reason why so many climate summits are held annually to make
agreements on the responsibility of each nation in cutting down
greenhouse emissions. A country that has a high level of vehicle

pollution
risks damaging is reputation and standing on the world stage.
(iv) Health :
These pollutants can lead to lung infection and cancer. As we know,
hydrocarbons are not very good for human health. They can cause
heart disease, aggravate asthma, damage the central nervous
system and make breathing difficult. Fuel spillage can also affect the
health of plants and marine life. When left unchecked, these health
conditions can cause death. Treating diseases such as cancer
requires a lot of money. When the population of a country is mostly
unwell, the economy stalls because growth is usually pegged on the
ability

of people to work and earn income.

(v) Tourism :
Most people would not willingly go to visit countries that they know
are bad for their health. This will, in turn, result in a reduction in the
number

of
tourists to those countries and subsequently loss of foreign exchange
income.
(vi) Smog and acidic rain :
Nitrogen oxides contribute to the formation of highly corrosive smog
that speeds up rusting of vehicles. When nitrogen oxide dissolves in
rain, acidic rain is formed. Water harvested from this type of rain
cannot be fit for human, plant or animal consumption. These bad
effects of vehicle pollution are the reasons why it should be every
person’s responsibility to reduce or eliminate environmental pollution.

 How do roads contribute to pollution :

Roads are a large contributor to nonpoint pollution in Lake

Champlain. Water can not penetrate the surface of a paved road
or parking lot and instead travels along the surface as runoff.
After it rains or the snow melts, urban runoff travels over the
streets of Burlington picking up a variety of pollutants until it
finally reaches Lake Champlain. These pollutants include
sediments, heavy metals, oil, grease, debris, fertilizer, pesticides,
herbicides, road salts, and pet wastes. Particulate matter and
heavy metals come from exhaust, break pads, tire and asphalt
ware, drips of oil, grease, anti-freeze, hydraulic fluids, and
cleaning agents. Urban runoff negatively impacts the
environment by harming aquatic plant and animal life (limiting
growth, toxicity, fish kills), degrading water quality, contaminating
ground water, and contributing to eutrophication.

How to reduce air pollution from cars

and trucks:

From walking to work to carpooling, there are lots of ways you

can reduce your impact. Discover your commuting style. Since
most pollution from cars and trucks is due to the burning of fuel,
you can reduce pollution from these sources by burning less fuel,
burning fuel cleaner and burning cleaner fuel.

Burn less fuel :

1) Next time you purchase a vehicle, buy the most fuel efficient
vehicle that meets your average daily needs, preferably one
that is rated at 32 MPG or more. Rent or borrow a larger
2) vehicle or trailer for the occasional large load.
3) If you have more than one vehicle, use the most fuel-
efficient one possible.
4) Use transit and car- or van-pool as often as you can.
Doing so three times a week can reduce your fuel
consumption up to 50%.
5) Bike or walk to avoid fuel use entirely.
6) Telecommute (working from a home-based location via
phone or Internet) to reduce driving.

7) Minimize driving by working and playing closer to home.

8) Plan errands to avoid unnecessary driving.
 9) Accelerate gradually — a smooth start uses less fuel

Burn fuel cleaner :

 Keep your vehicle well-tuned and tires inflated properly to
reduce exhaust emissions.
 Combine errands into one trip — cars pollute less when they
are warmed up.
 Avoid idling — idling exhaust contains more pollutants than
running exhaust.
 If you purchase a new car, look for a low emission vehicle or
LEV (see under-hood sticker).

Burn cleaner fuel :

 Low-sulfur gasoline (available in the Twin Cities) reduces
pollutants by 10-15%
 85% ethanol fuel (E85) can be used in flexible fuel vehicles.
 Other alternative transportation fuels such as natural gas a
bio-diesel are most practical for fleets of vehicles.

Zero-Emission Vehicles :

As more cars and trucks are sold and total annual mileage
increases, improving pollution-control technology and burning
less fuel continues to be vital, especially in rapidly growing urban
areas. However, eliminating emissions from the tailpipe goes
even further to cut down on harmful air pollutants.
Hydrogen fuel-cell and electric vehicles move away from burning
fuel and use electrochemical processes instead to produce the
needed energy to drive a car down the road. Fuel-cell vehicles
run on electricity that is produced directly from the reaction of
hydrogen and oxygen. The only byproduct is water—which is
why fuel-cell cars and trucks are called zero-emission vehicles.
Electric vehicles store energy in an onboard battery, emitting
nothing from the tailpipe.
The hydrogen for the fuel cell and the electricity for the battery
must still be produced somewhere, so there will still be upstream
emissions associated with these vehicles. These stationary
sources, however, are easier to control and can ultimately be
converted to use wind, solar, and other renewable energy
sources to come as close as possible to true zero-emission
vehicles.

Reducing Driving :

Because we are still dependent on fossil fuels and the number of

cars on the road is expected to double, a significant reduction in
vehicular pollution requires more than gains in fuel efficiency.
Measures that encourage us to drive less can help curb vehicular
pollution and protect natural resources and public health.
Alternatives that can reduce the number of vehicle-miles traveled
include
 providing transportation alternatives to cars, including mass
transit, bicycle, and pedestrian routes;
 promoting transit-oriented, compact developments in and
around cities and towns; and adopting policies to improve
existing roads and infrastructure.
Personal Contributions :

Individuals can also make a difference in the effort to reduce

pollution from cars and trucks. How we drive and how we take
care of our vehicles affects fuel economy and pollution
emissions. The following are several ways people can reduce the
harmful environmental impact of cars.
 Driving as little as possible is the best way to reduce the
harmful environmental impact of transportation needs.
Carpooling, mass transit, biking, and walking are ways to
limit the number of miles we drive. Choosing a place to live
that reduces the need to drive is another way.
 Driving moderately and avoiding high-speed driving and
frequent stopping and starting can reduce both fuel use and
pollutant emissions.
 Simple vehicle maintenance—such as regular oil changes,
air-filter changes, and spark plug replacements—can
lengthen the life of your car as well as improve fuel economy
and minimize emissions.
 Keeping tires properly inflated saves fuel by reducing the
amount of drag a car's engine must overcome.
 During start-up, a car's engine burns extra gasoline.
However, letting an engine idle for more than a minute burns
more fuel than turning off the engine and restarting it.
 During warm periods with strong sunlight, parking in the
shade keeps a car cooler and can minimize the evaporation
of fuel.
 REFERRANCE

 TEXTBOOK
 WIKIPEDIA
 FROM NEWSPAPERS
 WWW.POLLUTIONCONTROL.COM
 CONCLUSION

By making these micro project, We know the

impact study of vehicular pollution on environment
and know the ingredients of air pollution.
And know causes of vehicular pollution, and
know about how to reduce vehicular pollution of
environment.