PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA

Facultad de Ingeniería
Maestría de Ingeniería Civil
Juan Tituaña Puente – j.tituana@javeriana.edu.co

Ejercicios Elementos Finitos

Ejercicio 1

q=30
(0,1) (2,1)
D C
q=0 T=10
(0,0) A B (2,0)

• Discretización

4 3
3 2 3

2
1
1
1 2

1 2

• Desarrollo

Elemento 1

𝐴 𝑦23 𝑦31 𝑦12

𝐵= [ 𝑥21 ]
2 𝑥32 𝑥13

𝑦23 = 0 − 1 = −1 𝑥32 = 2 − 2 = 0

𝑦31 = 1 − 0 = 1 𝑥13 = 0 − 2 = −2

𝑦12 = 0 − 0 = 0 𝑥21 = 2 − 0 = 2
 1 −1 1 0
𝐵= [ ]
2 0 −2 2

𝐾 (1) = 𝑘 ∗ 𝐵 𝑇 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴

1 −1 0 1 −1 1 0]
𝐾 (1) = 4 ∗ [ 1 −2] ∗ [ ∗1
2 2 0 −2 2
0 2

1 −1 0
𝐾 (1) = [−1 5 −4]
0 −4 4

𝑠∗𝐴 1
(1)
𝛿 = ∗ 1]
[
3
1
16.66
(1)
𝛿 = 16.66]
[
16.66

Elemento 2

𝐴 𝑦23 𝑦31 𝑦12

𝐵= [ ]
2 𝑥32 𝑥13 𝑥21

𝑦23 = 1 − 1 = 0 𝑥32 = 0 − 2 = −2
𝑦31 = 1 − 0 = 1 𝑥13 = 0 − 0 = 0

𝑦12 = 0 − 1 = −1 𝑥21 = 2 − 0 = 2

1 0 1 −1]
𝐵= [
2 −2 0 2

𝐾 (2) = 𝑘 ∗ 𝐵 𝑇 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝐴

1 0 −2 1
0 1 −1]
𝐾 (2) = 4 ∗ [ 1 0 ]∗ [ ∗1
2 2 −2 0 2
−1 2

4 0 −4
𝐾 (2) = [ 0 1 −1]
−4 −1 5
 16.66
𝛿 (2) = [16.66]
16.66

Matriz de rigidez global

5 −1 −4 −1
−1 5 −4 0
𝐾 (𝐺 ) =[ ]
−4 −4 8 0
−1 0 0 1

5 −1 −4 −1 𝑇1 33.33 0 0
−1 5 −4 0 10 16.66 0 𝑅1
[ ]∗[ ] = [ ]−[ ]+[ ]
−4 −4 8 0 10 33.33 30 𝑅2
−1 0 0 1 𝑇4 16.66 30 0
5 −1 −4 −1 𝑇1 33.33
−1 5 −4 0 10 16.66 + 𝑅1
[ ]∗[ ]=[ ]
−4 −4 8 0 10 63.33 + 𝑅2
−1 0 0 1 𝑇4 46.66

𝑇1 = 14.4
𝑇2 = 22.6
Ejercicio 2

100

(0,1) (2,1)
D C

(0,0) A B (2,0)

• Discretización

4 3
3 2 3

2
1
1
1 2

1 2

Elemento 1

𝑦23 0 𝑦31 0 𝑦12 0

𝐴
𝐵= [ 0 𝑥32 0 𝑥13 0 𝑥21]
2 𝑥 𝑦23 𝑥13 𝑦31 𝑥21 𝑦12
32

1−𝜈 𝜈 0
𝐸 𝜈 1−𝜈 0
𝑐= [ 1 ]
(1 + 𝜈)(1 − 2𝜈) 0 0 (1 − 2𝜈)
2

𝑦23 = 0 − 1 = −1 𝑥32 = 2 − 2 = 0

𝑦31 = 1 − 0 = 1 𝑥13 = 0 − 2 = −2
𝑦12 = 0 − 0 = 0 𝑥21 = 2 − 0 = 2

1 −1 0 1 0 0 0
𝐵= [0 0 0 −2 0 2]
2
0 −1 −2 1 2 0

0.6 0.3 0
𝐶 = 384.61 ∗ [0.3 0.6 0]
0 0 0.2
 𝑇
1 −1 0 1 0 0 0 0.6 0.3 0
𝐵 𝐶= [0 0 0 −2 0 ] [
2 ∗ 384.61 ∗ 0.3 0.6 0]
2 0 −1 −2 1 2 0 0 0 0.2

−0.6 −0.3 0
0 0 −0.2
0.6 0.3 −0.4
𝐵 𝑇 𝐶 = 192.3 ∗
−1.2 −1.2 0.2
0 0 0.4
[ 1.2 1.2 0 ]

𝐾 = 𝐵𝑇𝐶 ∗ 𝐵

−0.6 −0.3 0
0 0 −0.2
−1 0 1 0 0 0
0.6 0.3 −0.4 1
𝐾 = 192.3 ∗ ∗ [0 0 0 −2 0 2]
−1.2 −1.2 0.2 2
0 −1 −2 1 2 0
0 0 0.4
[ 1.2 1.2 0 ]

0.6 0 −0.6 0.6 0 −0.6

0 0.2 0.4 −0.2 −0.4 0
−0.6 0.4 1.4 −1 −0.8 0.6
𝐾 = 96.2 ∗
1.2 −0.2 −1.6 2.6 0.4 −2.4
0 −0.4 −0.8 0.4 0.8 0
[−1.2 0 1.2 −2.4 0 2.4 ]

Elemento 2

𝐴 𝑦23 0 𝑦31 0 𝑦12 0

𝐵= [ 0 𝑥32 0 𝑥13 0 𝑥21]
2 𝑥 𝑦23 𝑥13 𝑦31 𝑥21 𝑦12
32

1−𝜈 𝜈 0
𝐸 𝜈 1−𝜈 0
𝑐= [ 1 ]
(1 + 𝜈)(1 − 2𝜈)
0 0 (1 − 2𝜈)
2

𝑦23 = 1 − 1 = 0 𝑥32 = 0 − 2 = −2

𝑦31 = 1 − 0 = 1 𝑥13 = 0 − 0 = 0

𝑦12 = 0 − 1 = −1 𝑥21 = 2 − 0 = 2

1 0 0 1 0 −1 0
𝐵= [0 −2 0 0 0 2]
2 −2 0 0 1 2 −1
 0.6 0.3 0
𝐶 = 384.61 ∗ [0.3 0.6 0]
0 0 0.2

0 0 −2
0 −2 0
1 0.6 0.3 0
𝑇 1 0 0
𝐵 𝐶= ∗ ∗ 384.61 ∗ [0.3 0.6 0]
2 0 0 1
0 0 0.2
−1 0 2
[0 2 −1]

0 0 −0.4
−0.6 −1.2 0
0.56 0.3 0
𝐵 𝑇 𝐶 = 192.3 ∗
0 0 0.2
−0.56 0.3 0.4
[ 0.6 1.2 −0.2]

𝐾 = 𝐵𝑇𝐶 ∗ 𝐵

0 0 −0.4
−0.6 −1.2 0
0.56 0.3 0 1 0 0 1 0 −1 0
𝐾 = 192.3 ∗ ∗ [0 −2 0 0 0 2]
0 0 0.2 2 −2 0 0 1 2 −1
−0.56 0.3 0.4
[ 0.6 1.2 −0.2]

0.8 0 0 −0.4 −0.8 0.4

0 2.4 −0.6 0 0.6 −2.4
0 −0.6 0.56 0 −0.56 0.6
𝐾 = 96.2 ∗
−0.4 0 0 0.2 0.4 −0.2
−0.8 0.6 −0.56 0.4 1.36 −1
[ 0.4 −2.4 0.6 −0.2 −1 2.6 ]

Matriz de rigidez global

2.96 −1 −0.6 0.6 −0.8 0 −0.56 0.4 0 0 𝑅1𝑥

−1 0.2 0.4 −0.2 0 −2.4 0.6 −0.2 0 0 𝑅1𝑦
−0.6 0.4 1.4 −1 −0.8 0.6 0 0 𝑈2𝑥 0 0
1.2 −0.2 −1.6 2.6 0.4 −2.4 0 0 𝑈2𝑦 0 0
∗ = +
−0.8 0 −0.8 0.4 1.6 0 0 −0.4 𝑈3𝑥 0 0
−0.6 −2.4 1.2 −2.4 0 4.8 0 0.6 𝑈3𝑦 −100 0
−0.56 0.6 0 0 0 −0.6 0.56 0 0 0 𝑅2𝑥
[ 0.4 −0.2 0 0 −0.4 0 0 0.2 ] 0 0 𝑅2𝑦