LAB SESSION # 07

EXPERIMENT # 07
OBJECTIVE:
To obtain the internal efficiency of centrifugal pumps and draw characteristics
curves.

APPARATUS:
 Centrifugal Pump

Asynchronous Motor
Rear Panel
Ball Valve
Manometer, Delivery
Side
Manometer, Intake Side
Display of the Switch
Position
Digital Display
Alternation Switch of
Digital Display
ON-OFF Switch of the
Centrifugal Pump
Potentiometer
Master Switch
Emergency OFF Switch CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Centrifugal Pump
Frame

 Hydraulic Bench
 Stop watch

DESCRIPTION:
A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device designed to move a fluid by means
of the transfer of rotational energy from one or more driven rotors, called
impellers. Fluid enters the rapidly rotating impeller along its axis and is cast out
by centrifugal force along its circumference through the impeller's vane tips.
The two major parts of the device are the impeller (a wheel with vanes) and
the circular pump casing around it. The mechanical power generally supplies
by the electric motor or engine. A centrifugal pump uses a centrifugal force to
pump the fluids. Therefore, it is known as a centrifugal pump.

THEORY:

A centrifugal pump converts driver energy to kinetic energy in a liquid by

accelerating the fluid to the outer rim of an impeller. The amount of energy
given to the liquid corresponds to the velocity at the edge or vane tip of the
impeller. Radial, Axial, and Mixed flow are three types of centrifugal pumps.
Centrifugal pumps increase the pressure of the liquid by using rotating blades
to increase the velocity of a liquid and then reduce the velocity of the liquid in
the volute. Imaginary vertical discharge pipe used to measure head. Simply
stated: a pump's head is the maximum height that the pump can achieve
pumping against gravity. Intuitively, if a pump can produce more pressure, it
can pump water higher and produce a higher head. Centrifugal pumps move
fluid by using centrifugal force to generate velocity of the liquid. Fluid enters
the pump through the suction nozzle, into the eye of the impeller. The impeller
vanes catch the fluid and rotate it, both tangentially and radially until it exits
the pump on the discharge side.

PROCEDURE:

 Set up the hydraulics bench valves, to perform the single pump test.
 Start pump and increase the speed until the pump is operating at 60
rev/sec.
 Turn the bench regulating valve to the fully closed position.
  Record the pump 1 inlet pressure (P1) and outlet pressure (P2). Record
the input power from the watt-meter (Wi). 
 For each control valve position, measure the flow rate by either
collecting a suitable volume of water (a minimum of 10 liters) in the
measuring tank, or by using the Rota meter.
 Increase the speed until the pump is operating at 70 rev/sec and 80
rev/sec.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

No. Of Pin Ped Volum Time Flow Head Ped Phyd ηp

Observat (bar) (bar) e (Sec) Rate (m) W W %
ion (L) m3/sec

COMMENTS:
 It can be concluded that from the calculations of data and percentage of
error, the experiment carried out validities the theoretical expression for
the force exerted by a jet on a target and hence the objective of the
experiment is achieved.
 Even though there are some errors for the experimental values with the
theoretical values.

LAB SESSION # 08
 EXPERIMENT # 08
OBJECTIVE:
To study the performance of series coupling of two centrifugal pumps.

APPARATUS:
 Centrifugal Pump

Asynchronous Motor
Rear Panel
Ball Valve
Manometer, Delivery
Side
Manometer, Intake Side
Display of the Switch
Position
Digital Display
Alternation Switch of
Digital Display
ON-OFF Switch of the
Centrifugal Pump
Potentiometer
Master Switch
Emergency OFF Switch
Centrifugal Pump
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Frame

 Hydraulic Bench
 Stop watch

DESCRIPTION:
A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device designed to move a fluid by means
of the transfer of rotational energy from one or more driven rotors, called
impellers. Fluid enters the rapidly rotating impeller along its axis and is cast out
by centrifugal force along its circumference through the impeller's vane tips.
The two major parts of the device are the impeller (a wheel with vanes) and
the circular pump casing around it. The mechanical power generally supplies
by the electric motor or engine. A centrifugal pump uses a centrifugal force to
pump the fluids. Therefore, it is known as a centrifugal pump.

THEORY:

A centrifugal pump converts driver energy to kinetic energy in a liquid by

accelerating the fluid to the outer rim of an impeller. The amount of energy
given to the liquid corresponds to the velocity at the edge or vane tip of the
impeller. Radial, Axial, and Mixed flow are three types of centrifugal pumps.
Centrifugal pumps increase the pressure of the liquid by using rotating blades
to increase the velocity of a liquid and then reduce the velocity of the liquid in
the volute. Imaginary vertical discharge pipe used to measure head. Simply
stated: a pump's head is the maximum height that the pump can achieve
pumping against gravity. Intuitively, if a pump can produce more pressure, it
can pump water higher and produce a higher head. Centrifugal pumps move
fluid by using centrifugal force to generate velocity of the liquid. Fluid enters
the pump through the suction nozzle, into the eye of the impeller. The impeller
vanes catch the fluid and rotate it, both tangentially and radially until it exits
the pump on the discharge side.

PROCEDURE:
01.Set up the hydraulics bench valves to perform the two pumps in series test.
02.Start pumps 1 and 2, and increase the speed until the pumps are operating
at 60 rev/sec.
03.Turn the bench regulating valve to the fully closed position.
04.Record the pump 1 and 2 inlet pressure (P1) and outlet pressure (P2).
Record the input power for pump 1 from the wattmeter (Wi). (With the
regulating valve fully closed, discharge will be zero.)
05.Repeat steps 3 and 4 by setting the bench regulating valve to 25%, 50%,
75%, and 100% open.
06.For each control valve position, measure the flow rate by either collecting a
suitable volume of water (a minimum of 10 liters) in the measuring tank, or
by using the Rota meter.
07.Increase the speed until the pump is operating at 70 rev/sec and 80 rev/sec,
and repeat steps (3) to (6) for each speed.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

No. Of ∆ P1 ∆ P2 Ptotal Poutlet time Discharge

Observatio x10-6 Pa x10-6 Pa x 10-6 Pa X 10-6 Pa (sec) m
3

n sec

SCOMMENTS:
 In series centrifugation of the pumps, that gives much head but the is a
discharge to use it that if there is any problem in one or more pumps the
apparatus becomes worthless.

LAB SESSION # 09
EXPERIMENT # 09
OBJECTIVE:
To study the performance of Parallel coupling of two centrifugal pumps.

APPARATUS:
 Centrifugal Pump

Asynchronous Motor
Rear Panel
Ball Valve
Manometer, Delivery
Side
Manometer, Intake Side
Display of the Switch
Position
Digital Display
Alternation Switch of
Digital Display
ON-OFF Switch of the
Centrifugal Pump
Potentiometer
Master Switch
Emergency OFF Switch
Centrifugal Pump
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Frame

 Hydraulic Bench
 Stop watch

DESCRIPTION:
A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device designed to move a fluid by means
of the transfer of rotational energy from one or more driven rotors, called
impellers. Fluid enters the rapidly rotating impeller along its axis and is cast out
by centrifugal force along its circumference through the impeller's vane tips.
The two major parts of the device are the impeller (a wheel with vanes) and
the circular pump casing around it. The mechanical power generally supplies
by the electric motor or engine. A centrifugal pump uses a centrifugal force to
pump the fluids. Therefore, it is known as a centrifugal pump.

THEORY:

A centrifugal pump converts driver energy to kinetic energy in a liquid by

accelerating the fluid to the outer rim of an impeller. The amount of energy
given to the liquid corresponds to the velocity at the edge or vane tip of the
impeller. Radial, Axial, and Mixed flow are three types of centrifugal pumps.
Centrifugal pumps increase the pressure of the liquid by using rotating blades
to increase the velocity of a liquid and then reduce the velocity of the liquid in
the volute. Imaginary vertical discharge pipe used to measure head. Simply
stated: a pump's head is the maximum height that the pump can achieve
pumping against gravity. Intuitively, if a pump can produce more pressure, it
can pump water higher and produce a higher head. Centrifugal pumps move
fluid by using centrifugal force to generate velocity of the liquid. Fluid enters
the pump through the suction nozzle, into the eye of the impeller. The impeller
vanes catch the fluid and rotate it, both tangentially and radially until it exits
the pump on the discharge side.

PROCEDURE:
01.Set up the hydraulics bench valves to perform the two pumps in parallel
test.
02.Start pumps 1 and 2, and increase the speed until the pumps are operating
at 60 rev/sec.
03.Turn the bench regulating valve to the fully closed position.
04.Record the pump 1 and 2 inlet pressure (P1) and outlet pressure (P2).
Record the input power for pump 1 from the wattmeter (Wi). (With the
regulating valve fully closed, discharge will be zero.)
05.Repeat steps 2 by setting the bench regulating valve to 25%, 50%, 75%, and
100% open.
06.For each control valve position, measure the flow rate by either collecting a
suitable volume of water (a minimum of 10 liters) in the measuring tank, or
by using the Rota meter.
07.Increase the speed until the pump is operating at 70 rev/sec and 80 rev/sec,
and repeat steps (3) to (6) for each speed.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

No. Of ∆ P1 ∆ P2 Ptotal Volume time Discharge

Observatio x10-6 Pa x10-6 Pa x 10-6 X 10-3 m3 (sec) m3
n sec
COMMENTS:
In parallel centrifugation of the pumps, it is more suitable to choose for most
of the cases because it can give a combine effect of all the pumps and hence in
this way this centrifugation becomes more authentic.