Module 2

1. For a research with a big population of 20,348 respondents, stratified sampling technique is
suitable. In this method, the population is first divided into subgroups (or strata) who
all share a similar characteristic. It is used when we might reasonably expect the
measurement of interest to vary between the different subgroups, and we want to
ensure representation from all the subgroups. Stratified sampling improves the
accuracy and representativeness of the results by reducing sampling bias.

First, use the Slovin’s formula as shown below:

N where n = optimum sample size

n=
1 + Ne2 N = population size

e = allowable sampling error (5%)

1 = constant

N
n=
1 + Ne2

20,348
n=
1 + (20,348) (0.05)2

20,348
n=
51.87

n = 392.3
392 is 1.93% of 20,348

This 392 will be divided into strata. For example, 4 strata or subgroups. From each
stratum, 1.93% of the population will be taken as respondents as long as the total
sample size will become 392.
2. Both scientific and nonscientific sampling designs have disadvantages and advantages. Both are
effective depending on the type of research and type of respondents involved.
Nonscientific methods rely on tradition, personal experience, intuition, logic and authority to
arrive at conclusions. Scientific sampling, on the other hand, is a process used in statistical
analysis in which a predetermined number of observations are taken from a larger
population. Most of the time, scientific sampling is more appropriate because the findings of
scientific research can be reproduced and demonstrated to be more consistent .
3. When the population is small, 50 or less, the entire population is needed in order to
achieve accuracy so sampling is not necessary anymore.
4. For my chosen study entitled “LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGY AND THE ENGLISH PROFICIENCY
LEVEL OF ELEMENTARY PUPILS”, the descriptive-correlational research design was used in this
study. This kind of research design is appropriate in describing the profile of the respondents;
determining the prevalence of language learning strategies of pupils in English subject; their
academic performance in English; and knowing if there is relationship between these variables.