2g Gas Exchange-Flowering Plants

Topic 2g
Icons CC – The Pink Group
Copyright © 2017 Henry Exham

PAPER 2
PAPER 2 2g – Gas exchange – Flowering plants
Objectives
2.40B Understand the role of diffusion in gas exchange.
2.41B Understand gas exchange (of carbon dioxide and oxygen) in relation to
respiration and photosynthesis.
2.42B Understand how the structure of the leaf is adapted for gas exchange
2.43B Describe the role of stomata in gas exchange.
2.44B Understand how respiration continues during the day and night, but
that the net exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen depends on the
intensity of light.
2.45B Practical: investigate the effect of light on net gas exchange from a
leaf, using hydrogen-carbonate indicator.

3
PAPER 2
Gas exchange in plants
• Gaseous exchange in plants occurs through the

stomata in the leaves.
• The gases move by diffusion (from an area of high
concentration to low concentration).
During photosynthesis, During respiration, O2

carbon dioxide enters oxygen enters the leaf
the leaf and oxygen and carbon dioxide CO2
exits the leaf. exits the leaf. CO2
O2
O2 4
PAPER 2
O2 CO2
O2
CO2 5
PAPER 2
• Respiration occurs in plants 24 hours a day.

• However photosynthesis only occurs when
sunlight is available.
• Therefore the net exchange of gasses depends
on how much light is available.

6
PAPER 2
Photosynthesis
Rate of reaction
Respiration
0 6 12 18 24

Time from midnight (Hours) 7
PAPER 2
Leaf adaptations for gas exchange
• Broad so large surface area for diffusion

• Thin so short diffusion distance
• Air spaces allow gases to easily move to all cells
• Lots of stomata
• Plant can control the opening and closing of stomata
using the guard cells

8
PAPER 2
PRACTICAL
Investigating the effect of light on net gas exchange
• As already mentioned there is an indicator which is

used to measure the amount of carbon dioxide.
• It’s called Hydrogen-carbonate indicator.

9
PAPER 2
PRACTICAL
Decrease Increase
Low CO2 is purple Normal CO2 is orange High CO2 is yellow

10
PAPER 2
PRACTICAL
• You can use this apparatus to show how light

affects gas exchange.
1. Put three leaves all of the same size into
tubes with the same volume of hydrogen-
carbonate indicator.
2. Have a fourth tube with the indicator in

but no leaf as a control experiment.

11
PAPER 2
PRACTICAL
3. Wrap one tube in aluminium foil
4. Wrap another in muslin
5. Now shine a bright light onto the

tubes and leave them for 45 minutes.
6. Can you predict the results?

12
PAPER 2
PRACTICAL
The tube which was covered with foil has had

no light and therefore the leaf has not been
photosynthesising but only respiring.
Therefore producing CO2.
The tube with no cover has been
photosynthesising a lot and therefore using up
the CO2 in the tube.
The tube with muslin has had some light so

overall no change in CO2.
Control Foil No Muslin
cover The control tube has had no leaf in it and
therefore no change in CO2.

13
PAPER 2
CONCEPT CHECK – True or false
1. Plants do both respiration and photosynthesis

2. Plants respire only during daylight hours
3. Gases move in and out the leaf via the xylem
4. Leaves are thin to minimize diffusion distance
5. CO2 is produced during photosynthesis
6. Photosynthesis happens 24 hours a day
7. Hydrogen-carbonate indicator turns yellow when CO2 levels
increase
8. Hydrogen-carbonate indicator is purple with atmospheric CO2 levels
9. Plants can open and close their stomata
10. Most stomata are on the bottom of the leaf 14
PAPER 2
CONCEPT CHECK – True or false
1. Plants do both respiration and photosynthesis

2. Plants respire only during daylight hours
3. Gases move in and out the leaf via the xylem
4. Leaves are thin to minimize diffusion distance
5. CO2 is produced during photosynthesis
6. Photosynthesis happens 24 hours a day
7. Hydrogen-carbonate indicator turns yellow when CO2 levels
increase
8. Hydrogen-carbonate indicator is purple with atmospheric CO2 levels
9. Plants can open and close their stomata
10. Most stomata are on the bottom of the leaf 15
PAPER 2
CONCEPT CHECK – Exam style question
Q: Describe the graph showing the net gas exchange in a plant
over 24 hours (3 marks)
10 Photosynthesis
Rate of reaction (AU)
5 Respiration
0 6 12 18 24
Time from midnight (Hours)

16
PAPER 2
CONCEPT CHECK – Exam style question
Q: Describe the graph showing the net gas exchange in a plant
over 24 hours (3 marks)
The rate of respiration stays approximately

10 Photosynthesis the same/constant for 24 hour;
Rate of reaction (AU)
This is at about 2AU;

Photosynthesis increases at 5 hours;
It plateaus between 10-15 Hours;
This is at 9AU;
5 Respiration It then decreases back to 0AU at 22 hours;
0 6 12 18 24
Time from midnight (Hours)

17

2g Gas Exchange-Flowering Plants

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2g Gas Exchange-Flowering Plants

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Topic 2g

Icons CC – The Pink Group

Copyright © 2017 Henry Exham

Copyright © 2018 Henry Exham

• Gaseous exchange in plants occurs through the

During photosynthesis, During respiration, O2

• Respiration occurs in plants 24 hours a day.

Copyright © 2018 Henry Exham

Copyright © 2018 Henry Exham

• Broad so large surface area for diffusion

Copyright © 2018 Henry Exham

• As already mentioned there is an indicator which is

Copyright © 2018 Henry Exham

Low CO2 is purple Normal CO2 is orange High CO2 is yellow

Copyright © 2018 Henry Exham

• You can use this apparatus to show how light

2. Have a fourth tube with the indicator in

Copyright © 2018 Henry Exham

3. Wrap one tube in aluminium foil

4. Wrap another in muslin

5. Now shine a bright light onto the

6. Can you predict the results?

Copyright © 2018 Henry Exham

The tube which was covered with foil has had

The tube with muslin has had some light so

Copyright © 2018 Henry Exham

1. Plants do both respiration and photosynthesis

1. Plants do both respiration and photosynthesis

Copyright © 2018 Henry Exham

The rate of respiration stays approximately

This is at about 2AU;

Copyright © 2018 Henry Exham

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