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Dynamics ef Rvid. gtows- TH Dynamics ep Fluid Plows fa sue Ahdy Fluid motion with tomaidenteg Forceg coutha Fh “2 Tre Dynamic behaviowr oy fiuid is analysed b Newtons IE paw #f pytou- (F=ma) ZR max [Fe ma] FS Pesuttant « Force in ve-dreef Oc? an sede a> Totakaud tLe ~ : nly Fy = may & Sh =maz fortes acti on flueld fn Mopioy i Ww) Gravity Foace (Fa) > Dve to wel ght Of Mord Fy =m & x Gravity force Per enit valume ry | vy? Se (Fe) > Bf rere nist @ presine grr adler blu Hee be 0 boint in divPe? fous. BD: Rresserre fouce (E)- Wacous pane “3 Farce (Fy) L Doe 4o Vise matey fle id. TW). Tonbulane Fone (p ( But for a ead fluid) 1) fe to tarkutance ( prvi ponticle D) Soave 5 Fhitratle one face Terepy, fou Rye (ohespive pac soahes + Lp taney FAW m ), (6 aCe md “6 4), ( "presesbiity fone ¢ ¢ F Hoe te Fg) TH stnb st combesalte J Ne prokoty shia) Scanned with CamScanner To mast ef the problem Fe © Fe one not Hence Jhere force meg be neglected « Sin tficont + > Tre Nep force (ary edit) °l Fe = (8), +(Fp),. + , + Foy. =) mare} Reunatds Eq? &f motion - 2 This egh kg asefur for, Analy’ ef Terbubmt plea: — =e ew awe GH). : : ® Fan Lamidgan envious fous , Torbulenbforte Fe bs Fp Dp Negierted rereribte ' Fx a (f+ (Fey + Ry, =. Max ; Navior stokes Equation - Ugepul fon Arraliyess ye Lamjuonr on Viscous docs (ip. Por Tdiad Aleid flows Viscous fore 13 nep.bgjbfe — [FV = Sprepected Fe = Fy). + Fy mex CBs &F Y mo bon Ufel fon Tdead fluid flows Em Coles eg? y rvtion dealtin this fechapter- -Peynagls & Nawier -stoles eq” et wodfon wht be Study kn Advance Rluyd mechanc)s+ Not vsel “this books Scanned with CamScanner Deb Polnchs: - : > when all fortes one (onsidered > Newtons ofp Motion: > When, pressure jh ravivy , VisC aaoYy 4. Turbulence one Considered Fp + Fy +Fyth=ma ? Peynatss eq of motion ? when . : Fe, A Fy £3 conBplereg Fp + Fa + Fu PF Novi'eretobe eg ® motjou. > when, , Fe se Fa Pretgure & Crranaty fore 28 00 Ppt Fy = ma —> Evpers eq ep moHou- Gweusity vse pur eq? iy ou Counge- Exons @q% ep PMetfon2— ap = 3 + gd wav =o > eter eff amt. Bernoutlis Eq? vfaom Bedets ef ? Intgration ef Evbers a alo -Line Lota 4 ‘9 & Strom Under Steady." -ffous Cond? Yeh Borneibjeg en". ap. Sa r fgaz +f vav = Conee. ge + gut # = Const Ls For Combreneshle AMtempressibte Avid | > HY frd is Tnconoessiete:[P=cente) both: ee : 5 for Drompacesibte Ovid: Scanned with CamScanner 7 ve & ong Fe get = conse [7 ese eagt Divide by t mw en) we geri P Via set at MH = coret En or Ung, § 24 ~2 Ted ne oT Gregg ead — Per} Woergay - ‘ ey" Enogs per UPIE mags, + 9" @ Erergy ben onit Wweighg- flow? olde PF ThE One794 bo Unip LM a goad 13 zt co N-m/p, rf. hen, Ce Lt hee gs Io B° THIS brown ag peng” ree >? Each tosm ye press, op > u " 1 ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ t ‘ ' — P A Fg or yy > Pregure Head on Pressure Erierpy fog ye / One wept By > Velocity Heed orkineticHead on kinetic Enery pret | L ZL —> fetental Head on Potent ad Orengs boy emi wep ; on Dotum Heod- > The som D pressure Head, Ulou'ty Herd & Datvn frend 43 known 08 “TetatHeed ay Tost rte por erik Scanned with CamScanner wulbpiy by Spin gh ® wejet}- p+ Sat gre = emel pe Hydrostetic Dyn amie preegue Sues Kinelc Energy per unit val? On Pofenbt Ey: peri Assumption — ep Bornoulls 64 —> The Favid dg Teal Lee (visesity }3gerc)- The Flow 14. Incombnessilte > The Flow ig Steady S The Allow fs Tonotational > Abbi couate. along a Stream Ling: Dernoullth endems"[Bated on Rriaipadep Conporvation st Ty stode thet , In a steady, ideo? for” ep. an Encomprezs/ ble -floid 7 The total energy ot any point ef the fluid 2g conttanp: ~» In generat Berhovotils theorem ik ctpe known os, ‘thegy Equass jor" Hedheredscatty'— J Po 4 Vey za Comte as = peer" es” act i; Eo op Lf flowls sleet ees OEE © > Bewnougeils eq 48 applicable of a oy 2, ¢ point din cbt Stream Lines’ a, > conet sales same for Qt Stream Ding ou 5 Vata yep pyy¥eL: : o fey 7 [Stream Lines’) 3 Scanned with CamScanner ow) "DY Rew 1 folatlonad (1 Mh ns > Bernoultis eq can Oph On Lame Stream Line he Stream Line (9) od point © £@ daamap, fongtants if be not game GF GFZ AG: a Bemovllids er can. be Opp hy fon Potatienat flows, bus the Points vohich Lier on tre Same stream Lines, 0 ( forticutor Stream Lue). , Pvaveer ConStant gs defferert for differert- Stream Linge > > Sem ep pressure Head & Potential head fe *& (5 + z) —> Plezometyic Head an OH pressurepferd & Velocity Head fre ‘nl et Cf ae 5) os Stag nation Head Sernoustits Ef for Real Reis ~> Brmo.ttls eh usas derived on the asgumphon thoy Mid 13. hor-viscous t therefor Prihentege + > Pot all the feat fluid ane viscowy 4 Hence tes forme. nesy'steince oto fpovs «> Ths There are alsays some fp geb a (i, Scanned with CamScanner S Pernovaig eg for oteaQ fluid . bw pine De@® is giver ss i— po any mee yo Pint O88 Bees Kinebe nergy cemention factor wilt be Flled mene ¢ . ff stpucntons vk ernetlls Creve Flow paessuniug Devices /— i di). Orifice meter / pate ep-ttou Owners a stee, OP cf ( OA i (x): Pitot tebe ( velouty mensurivg Dew ice) O Venterimeter'- T+ is a device Used fon meaganird fra siabe of fipow (s» dischage) Of a flvid flowing rough a pe 5H corsht toe font 0 Soe eCGH (@D> Throat & iD: Divengivg Pood rey. © Argue et Convergence = 20 to 30° _ uitgle ge Divegenes ~ ote H (svaty 7) «__ Grradvall Th should not gresterthan 7° to ( rarest hope) _, veld ffow geparostbn- whith may Jeng to Lnvreste lasese Scanned with CamScanner Apply Pearoutiis ey of see 2D. by aye a Bee iy BS 5g OG 2222 (pipe bs Hexen) by-pe- = ye 54 ay * Differonee dn presse Head tr serDay ist a =h Now eppty oot 1 i, vt FEN ayy = F2Ve Ong, V2 %V2 wy ~e eco ew eee = VY2—vjez oF = — (ar A 4 eee > ¥U- QS Qve az Siete = erage 1 Dischowge under Heal Condition ) Catled Trg rec ca? Actvag Dischomte [acta = Ca Orheores | a > lo-epficiord Bb drschovee . ace an on A Actv ak Disthore, Doct << Oryeortjens * Lats of theagy La net torsitored Br actual digenraye- be fo it bs Om>a@ Scanned with CamScanner , 2 This formuda #8 denived for Horkortad pipe- | > This formule is alge Opptcatl e’ for | Nowtient & Tnotined pibe- = Z jn tenes? +f Digehyrge- » ar TRene ig ne vole ef 8 Vatve a h (ve Differerse 4 pressure head) dg ; given by Differerti ak U-Tebe manormeter’— Pit b> phe el +) De Simo rapist 5 - S> Spe: gravity wh ae? 10) Tf vge Tnverted Differential, Monoweles °— da (throat 10+) D> Pipe Dia “d! can not be ceduled Alyn ificandly omertte there 13 dence af cauitation (prey eee Scanned with CamScanner r Venter i meter an plort 7 — > mengure Rete ep flow? om Discharge: > Fe conaiat 2 port) - O converging port :- (ae Ae B85) ® prot” ( Dierap throat (a) = 2°65] bibedin) @® Divergamt port '- (6 FD Shoot not > 7 (Areje Rls eration’ > _ CLES x _ Otheowt ear Sh Qace = Gx Overs. ° > Calfrledbr gy G dn term ¢ Logges '— = he hy > Head Leas Ho Pelometate. a aap oS S oradally Increasing Slope 40 o> bradvally eed flow seperation. Th_(onvengiay ss ention'- Puen of fos és deoressing Bn flows direebor,+ Tha Velocite Fnoreoges , Therefore penne 8 deveseia. in fllove direction: oP Avenge pressure yradient: on CReterdje, flow) becuse £7 tals region velocity #3 deoremgia mbivg “flee 4s digticuet Vetorty Dig-bribuBen gn advengze pretgure Crredion#s— B poy sia vetoctiy at "Nofpasite tow Boordyy 09% (lous on Te oy Filous seperation) # Bren Patio s— spy patioaf area of horn Sestion fo phrvent geoon 13 brown o4 oven aadtjo™ &f verrturim there Scanned with CamScanner orig ice eter *~ on Once Plate >— >It Bs a dewite vsed fou mensunivg the Ate ef flows oe a fa vid trrourh 2 bipe- > It ts cheaper device “4 Compore to Verburi meter + > Tt tonsiep of a feet Circuler phote twolich hag cincusar show p edged. Frole cabled onifice: > TEs Installeen requires Amaller org 2s Ompred with Verrteninn ters + whee Space is Limited ope orifice yoreten « > The axifice diameter is kep+ generally OrBtinres dla. > *A difforertbicl Tronometey £8 Connated ot 260: tobicle (Sat distance BP qbout 155 to 2 times the Pipe diameter Upstream from te Orifee plete: > A pee@ ,which ie at a distance af about Ord himes dig: Y anifice ON Doun$trean 2jdo from | the onifice Ptote: * 0M down stream ibe. premure fap -Lspropel dad quite Clase tO +e ouifice plote be carse Converging get et flvid hos altrast smallest OA €.9/ Vere cere a hovive. DU myn Velouly & smaot presury. » ‘ a Scanned with CamScanner > Tro get of flvid coming out Of the onifice gradually expand from the vena-contretta +o again Fike the pipe: % In case of ouifice , an abrvbt change jin oe men ef flow paroge FB, Thene 18 Grendenr LOBB GBF energy in onifice meter a3 compere to Verbunimeby: Edges)‘, bevelped with We bevee aryre (3° to 45°) QO Ares of pie at pec \ ( Preperanty +5°) Go fe

fren at Vena~conirntta Cos co-epficlent ge Corttraibou- ChpLy Berroattite ens 01 2@ we gets < Bod, h= fe = Jenga TF CA Conefticiont Od, diguioye Ate eter: Cy = 0°64 to Org Gaeforifice ts < Getverturjmer,. Scanned with CamScanner Relation, veo Cv, Ce Bly le Cv > Comefficiont 9p Veto uty oct Vereort- x eo liG. = Gde Ca> (orhiciond ef Dig cy Gs loeffic lomp op Velooty. Cem Copii Jenf op Cntachor Nox ale ymeter oF Flow Nogate 1 7 Tt is a device vsed for meagur) we flew or Digchage trogh 2 pibe- 7 See. is same a3 fn venburiméten ~> Ththis és device there £2 ho Divergence F Nez 3.D6 Elbow Meter on (Pipe Bepd meter)'— eo , se) . ot Flows Angide a bent Pipe is Free vortex. mptflon - Scanned with CamScanner s : Pio Tobe? Tobe i Henry de pitot French Eryinea’) > Pitot tube bs gimple device used foo —— tre = Yelouity of ffow-inpibe ov 4m chamel > Tr basic Principe Bed I ALE device iby Hot " Vf the velocity og f.gous ota perticutan port fg genre, (which ig lcnown as Stag nodion point) Pre pressure 18 jnoreged que te Conversion of kinete ener9 into pressure enced i, & by meogunivg the Enoveoye in Prccune energy ct Yhig point, the velouily oy flow 5 cledbemings ~ Tn its simplest form pitet tbe cong e Rey Q qos Arbe, bert at right anges t PF The Aiguid 211B€ Lp th the Ake due to the on *t Kinetic nergy dnto pressure eae Abby Chey e9” ab ser D2® 5- é oe No Head Lo. ag DL® avery dese. + z= be yw Hy ay t , 5 tap ee AL ee) Atop, Theor chica Veloup. bs = pete @ “hth ZpHrr otgarnelerel V2 =0 Scanned with CamScanner r Advod Vvelooity ‘ GS lo-efficiont q velocity + Vact = Cy ae P pitet tele 7 5 v= 01-98 The actvad valve f Cy for bitot tube Nd be determined by Cant bradfon « Howe ver, The pressure ot stegnedbion point 18 known as, Stag nation pressure: > Pitot tube measures the Stagnaben pressure Head o1 Total Head 9/ et 35] Therefore TL 18 olBo lenown ag Total Head tube: > por pitot tube; (Veletiyhend = Pacts oe Heal) % TAs apposed. 48 net held good Lf pide fe Cunved > Hence, Ty thot cose We shoved measure prewwmre Head of Bame point ot colic Velocity Head ots desired + | TH3 43 done vaig. Petot Stabe Tobe o_Paandtf tube: Scanned with CamScanner Prand}f pitet tele on Pitot stebic Tobe a Tote NSE A - ve a toh Heod Tobe et ie Ea, [Soe ene eons > Prandbe pitet tbe hag a blot neoge.- > Co~eppy. _ Shi ‘ ident for Pitot stoic tebe. 190 ; « qu orton g thrrevg), Xb hele Will Ni ge wore ool eet ast e Uquits emer yhrowgh Bide hole. will vive Comesbon dy per o "rovgh Hangnodjon Prergure. > dynam jc pressure va} Heod m a ¢ Differerdsan man ee She be debrmjveg Pressure Tap. id | hae Pitot sire Scanned with CamScanner The_Momenter_eqetion, + € e > TH fg bated on baw of congervetton of Momentin. 5 on yrvmentom principse * e € PF Whith sete Het, Net forte actheg ona « floid moss Ee equet do the charge fr — € ; ime - pt € Tromentum ep fopous por’ unit time sn thoct dfrechon.— to. be of « > The forte actvg on a footed meas in" 45 given | ed Newton'g pit Law , 4 ‘ F=mmxe °2 at = € = mx Gv a dt > ‘Known 8 Momentuny Poinuple- TRE akove ef? Cah be written o8, [ Far = domy) known as Tmpulpe- momenta Tr stele Het, The Ainputge of forte activg. on a flvid Mess “wy fy @ Short tnterved ! op hime dt £3 esa to charge of | momert vm dlr) An thet direetou. oF (change of remertym ber seconde) | Fnpelge mpmentem eq? 43 UBed to determnne | Ane pesuttant, forte exerted by o flow)ug vid. : | on Pie bends, Jet-propiltion & Propellerss : Scanned with CamScanner a a a | Forte exerted by a flowslug fovid on @ Vash pupe bend = tere owies0 XS Pee 5 pane 0 = Foe Ae. fel B Considoe too gee O20. Av B, Vv, Bre Area, Prema veto uty oy SecD 1 Po yVe > (area, Penur Pret hy be forte enrented by the fowig flrid en the bend in x & Ydivesbon respehely, > Tien rte exerted by the bend onthe fold. in ; direction ef X47 wor be equal to Fe 4 fy 2D obpo side dreetfou.s > Component & fore enested by bend on fovid dn xdirel? 16 Fy Kd ged 3 ehbey Momentvm eg th aedirh g— Net force in wedi = how , footed ¢ vrge OF yaormenten Ag => dn Xrdiy? Ne forte im x gir oat weer) (has spvelac x Charye op Velour Ra, - PeAaceso — A = FO “x( Final velousy —DinitiaDrvep. ” 2 £QX (racase —V)) R= $6 Vi- Va caso) +h A) — Pe Rtas | Scanned with CamScanner a Simibonly tay momertem eg yy, Yediv" O —bAgsino ~& = fo (Vasing —9) fy = FQ(-Vasin0) — Bhasin’) Now, Resuttard forte achvg onthe bend & Aejte rede by Fpwhh So diFAL d= tay! (%®) f Free Liquid Jer s— Free 2iquid get £8 defined. a3 the get ep watey coming ouf- from the Noggte in atnvsphere - > The path travelled by tho free get £3 Pao babic- > Valve ef Olargte) for maximum marge ot, Yiven velo utty = 45° A) 5 . 2S jn2 marc? height attained ba. get = <1 0 ORE. Horlgertal oirge Q get > YE sines max? xorge (pats) =» Ur Scanned with CamScanner an nr ORR KR RRM K KRM MORO KAKA HAA __L———————————————————— f. Momert + moment¥m Bquation o- Moment ep mementym eg? ig dentved from Moment 4 nomertom poinupte - ve > whith atate Abo, — The aesuarivg Jord acting. on o yototivg fold, hg eg ne tha Aate ef charge op rroment yrorment Reyubtant Torque = Rote af chonge Of rer unr Moment ep rrommentvr) et 4g applied \— = for Landing “Baque exerted by wer en Sparnkler- > for andysis oe flow problem in cb tcged pomp Sortex Motfon ¢— & Bornouli's eq? mes algo be applied, to Hoe problem ¢f vortex rrotion: > A stodetivg. 083 OP flvid 1s known 08 \orterc- & tht motion 4 Hotes mots of ffeid Ig known «& Vora Motoy Free Vertex Vortex Motion + Ported Vortex fornovlhjs ef? fs valid gfe any diss point hy Free Vorkex flow je ( Lonoter fous ee ae ‘ed P Bernoulli's > 4, nob vobtd, an tafe =f forded Eten Scanned with CamScanner

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