[ Fluid Kgnemott Fluid Motion “8% described By Teo ieid 1 Lag mang tan Method 2+ Evdentan Metred D-hag aang jen Mefhods— py Birgle fluid. particle £2 @elected & GAR vekocity & acesencddy, ae £3 degenibed,. > But dunia fre flvid flow fe 43 di ffic ge to keeb track ef fivgle fluid porh'ete > Becaue flvid porhue contsnve deform & donot meintain therr fdondity: > Tris Method “a Righty dime contvmi’g but Veny accunrede approach: > Becaye of Lime congumpbhom +hig method Ws hot vged sn Chassical Alvis mecenieg > Tuts method is ysed for siegeanch work: Scanned with CamScanner2 Euderian method $— The vetouibs. , actelencebon etc: .anre desenibed at a point Sn flow fetd- On” > fry point ih the space octupied by the floyd 18 Beleeted 4, Velouity jrucrelerads,, RE as decribed. > The stesudts come by YRS method ME Not Coume ce portiete log potcle but ON aN avenrede rege results we loop comece fon oveneR ponticles- a There fore This Appno on 1g time Aaviiag « > Hence This matiod ig prefered va Chorgical fluid methan )'ck « 7) eet) E-accepencon o% a function 4 space & fume tn contnod Vos? ye f Cx 42,4) a= fl~y, Z, +) Scanned with CamScannerTypes ab fluid flows 5— )Steady & Unsteady your 2» Uniferny 5 Nen-ouniferm flew 3): Laminay §& Tonluliant fous eee S Incempresibte fous 8) One, 0° § Larotertonol flows 7 To & Thnee Dimensional 4tous. abs Steady & ON Steeda flows 3— TF the fou Proper otf am Given Location on given point does not Change sith time, Th flow iz carted Steady FLOW + — Othenusize On Bteod ay, ® } V) = V2 = V3 OY Ay=Q2= 49H 8, = 82-83 5 | V2.4, fa 120m Los ae im oe FE =e Ss eet How proberty '— veto city, occelerstion, dona it) WSSITY, pressure , termpretrre Otc ove 3a . je FO? se f° 1 Se fo > UNBtendy Scanned with CamScanner2 Unkferm & Non- Ni ferns flows 3— When the Veto ntty. ot ane given time dees wet change With respeep do Sbace ow Location oo, peint then f9ou> ig Canled ON fer mn row - Oerw ige Non -uniform. \ on when MOSER SD does nor charge a Le “en OVER g Specified region _ a Mbevdery Sngte nt fous jy $ time the Non~v niform. Wey ey erties eC 7 nm) ov __ ; Baemm © 2 Unfors jn Bien tis ov 2s _ a O > Nen- enifoym fpour Scanned with CamScanner@BlLaminw © Tunbvient flow, &— Laminon flows > TF att the fluid pontictes move In Jayens with one Joy Of fQuich Abiding Smothly oven an adgacene fayen then Such fous > Ththiz cose flvid pomcheves oft Ohe Layer does not g© Inte the other fazer Zo there wiek ge hot be any kind af Arter minting, between tno adgecont fay eng. FAL bayer, ane Straight & ponattel. Lam inan fous Stream of ee : eG 4 flowing. fou id ptoys a 39nificant mode. AX guch the flow of very. viscous foold mer be genenatey tweated a3 Laminny plow, Tbe kang Flow s— Tf fluid. porbides mover dn Zig - Log. Usa. on highty disargantied manne such at ponticles ef one Loger penehedes jnto othen Laxey The Fleur 13 cated Lenbulant Fitous- > There wi be huge inderintxtvey. ap fle td potidles bw Adgacert dayey - ' > Dee 40 aig ment Eddies formed. ot one res poten ee ay wei Ener nas. Scanned with CamScanner (3 known ag Lamina fous (3 alge known ag, NE flow on VWesgcous Floto:For pibe flows the type & flor QS debrmined by . Nen-dimensjonad Humbe, he Caled Reynogd Nembe (Re): Re> SVD weg e At * bwey °F “9. VD Res “2 vd ” i ay Re < Q000 —>Laminay flow. x * Re > 4000 — Ten be dent Pow 2000 Intermediate flow re( May be Laminey 00 Terlssbme) + Compretsilode Tnvembrersilete House Th dui Dersity fig not corttant ef. Dersity ef fpoid changes fern peint so point: trem called 03 Compre ssilte four > TE fgord domay ty fg conglant then catled ag Thoompress|ile fqour- 8 - Constant > Compressible flow § = Constant —> Trempressibele flow: Scanned with CamScanner5 Rotational & Trmotatfonal ffow 3- Tf dhe fluld pontinle, s1odate about +thefr MOR certre oy otwoH ang tohide el akong Sty eam Lines called =a Rotatronal fours > Th fleld porticvle docs not yotate then Trnotationad flows Note. Rous neon tre Sabid boondry. ig Rotedvonad hominy) fous —> Rotatonal Flow Linear Tunbtant flous —> Tmnobatone? flow: coin Forced, Vortex —> Rotatoned Vortex ee Free Vortex > Tmotepnt Vortex, ‘Slow * Tre Lnnototional flovo exist on) my coke *f Tdiog flows wohich hes No Viscosity. 6 Ohe- tw o€ Thee dimensjonaQ flow 3— 1-D flow fg Buch type ep $hous bn Which the flows ponameter gueh o8 Velocity. BQ 0 fonction ep time § one Space coondinrecte ont 8 2 [Variation eo velocity o} in ¢ “o (*) Mariatin co ne : > The vanicebhion op veletity tn chy tee dine ttton (342) ig aggemed negtible- = For steady. 1-D flow > velouty js function op one-_sbare” Co-ordhate onby- Scanned with CamScanner‘2. Steady flows 1g Alme Independent LD flow 1- , eee Velouty ig fonction 4 Two sb DERG) Cemrdinote ame & Tim “ ene for Stea “Di dy Taso Dimengyonad flow 1 Velocity jg forbs, F Two hace (oordinete onhy (xe) 3>Dimensser ows! —einetf fou: . Velo tity 8 fenchon f Thee Spate (otrdinete 00942) and tr bremencitd ' . 23 Vvef Jy cel SONG ftuid property Caveh octhy WerBlty, tembrehne, preone eb) the wen 4 space sfime- * In three dimeneonad flous, vor chen of flea property fn three pace (o-oudinade & tme fon Steady 3-D tow! — Velocity NS ferchion: ep Thee Space (o-ordinote onky. (1-p fle) Op : Fife) U/B-BO-- [2-D Flow) Scanned with CamScannerNote! Obviowsy the problem invaluing. 2D flows, me Quite complecated becaye op the Variation ep properbier ep Howl fu id. th UY EZ dineuhon» ang time Wpo- The broblems cre Complecofed to galve + 7 Be the Asumphon Of elthey 2-) er 1-D lous Cosidenabhy Simpl fies the pnoblem + & S84 40 salve + Tape

104mec Scanned with CamScannerFor Comprese/bpe Floid (tras) I “SvA0OY ex bnessed ay Hoveiug ACvOS Jno Porn The dischomge ig the Weight fui, 22 Newton ©” PA peeond. IPE 0m KB S Ince. (ongidey a diguid, Plowsivg, : , throw) Prschange Loitt be: ‘yh oO pipe, Qa Met diovid, - Vv wnittime a > Axe Consefinu Hy Equation 3— aie 7 The egveshon bosed on Conger yection ef mags AS cabled (ond nuite- evasion: > Tre boincbbe 2 (onservosjor Sp 08s state thas. Moss Can helther be created hor destroyed Ohe the bass Of this Continuity ep ksderuved: Z Thea fer Howjua ftuld throwh pipe eit dsb a the Crmtinsection the Quintity af flurd Per ger. 4+3 Conttant= Scanned with CamScanner -- 2 et ttm ad oe Ve Areay Longy}, 'Br Steadys -D flew O © confiden uso ¢/-4 eb pipe- Sinte, Svantity op Ferd be gecong fo rae bs COngta ae ee: a Of Flerd poy enit Init time C Mass flows note Co EO PM (macy flow ate) S eo = pare ye » M=PyV (Y= Ax M= Px AXL * extn me + = SAKE 3 |= Pay INS Plowrcte atgeep(p = MOKs ffou rte. = Z at geqDQ) aan) L HAY = & maui 2 A2Vy > Continue wok osthj}on- C ye 4 fon Combreseinte fdedel) for Theomprestibte fra; ) [ER foie. [ fon Thtombseeesble flow), © ( 7 onto en is vedi fer Combrerwlte 4 a Drtombreasitte Putd- Scanned with CamScanner—> Flow ts agsemeg 40 be Steady & one-dimergionad Plows > At a locaton On Be chon deorerses tho Velocity Op Sarid, Invrenes fs Condinults, oP hn CaMmepian co-ordincete - fe S| So where Cs oneg - e ¢ € € e e e ' e ov) Three Dimengjong 3 — os _s a Q e pe ae (Gu) + Sy (sv) + (se)=0 > TRES eg Yebretent Continuity eq? jin contesion co-minte bn ts most Oem ae ALB 0 known , , . GrenenoLiged continer THiS eqh is abblicalale #o:— as Lt does Ree @ Steed. unstecdy. flow (MARE oy snp @- Vniform & Nor-oniform flows (ti: Compressible 4 Tn tomprescihve flow: * for Steady fous, 08 — =0 d If Rtoyd 13 Compressible 1— Ko) + AY) + 5% (gw) =o Scanned with CamScanner(3D) fon Incompnessibte fluid '— (8 = Constant) w+ oe + we Zo wontinvity. a? tn B-D- Fon Inrompe Jon Dae for Ttembrerspte four an QD? Zero OY 4 av aa) ax i Noke!. * YAW axe thy Weomponenst. op Vetoes, fn WI aT Watery Ape veby : [Eaeest ke [yo faery Resultant velocity jee > Continviity eq? in epadsn (o-ordinates -_ffer GATE) [ i (ee O(s ve) | d(evs) _ x00 a2 > Continuity eg? in Spherical poder co-ordiredte 3 — [ 9 a | 3 {3 yh or (YY) + Ysing 98 (vesing) + sane) pe Scanned with CamScanner1) Short < Continys. s —atinwlty eg ; —> boted on Contervation a . ‘ 3D Heontesian Co-ordinate contnu ity eq” Sprenrycat Pelon 10-ordnate ; 2Dincey Pokan Conerdinate. SD centiny; ° Dery eq (lortesiian Ce-erdinode) 3 B+ ROO 6) Mey 20 TAY eg’ ry Valiig jen Steady a unBteady Lnifor m & Won-vry; frm , — Combregestpe g Tce mpoctesope. fads RD ~ Con¥yuj ae = A O38 3 (aT OF T5x (64) +H (sv) =0 -for Incompretesiye + [Dal Sa ox ay O° Scanned with CamScanner1D endinuty Eqri- 93 9 ) = Se te 4) T° Fon Stendy floc, os - ot $o continvity eq: fo steady. $dous 1— 90 = Oe On ° Vv) =o sx Ay) fon Enempressible loo, AM = ave, HAD continvety eg is cipplicalke fon Steady. §tou2- ¥ 4-p continuialy ef is applicable for Compressibte 4 Thcompressilole fly ick boty Scanned with CamScannerVeloce: & Accetencdfon 2— let, Vi 4S steputant velo city ack any point fluid Pow, & bet, HM, V&w ome ibs mponent in xy 4> dtereeblen Hespertively. 4 % The . Velo cit, Components ane fonction ap Space Co-erdinate 4 Lime. Matnemodsc ably . ‘ YM Seay gy Wut 50% 9%, 4) ud - © $300 3, 2,4) - fegutta i ns cod 7 Veloce Ve ate jt ek» lamar Acteerabon o_ ————— ° Petaee siete ieee a cle an a Oe OA Ty in defined as the note Sf choree af Velocity with orspeut to time. Sime Vetecity hat Hmee Lomponent 4, vu ti, tree mulvally 1 disecbien: Hence, Accelenebton fn the x, YeZ dfrechon OD given by, eae Ox = dt ay = A js Op & Since, «a= Mer Me L(x 24) , $0 Total denivative ofA with reppert to time is, (By chain vole ef differentiator) 1 Scanned with CamScanner(ms ge Perea weg wed, geen, dav & ew One = Ada 4 v Se + 02 St on ' oy = woe + vot oe aie aw aw O = yst + yp ow ws tae oe aS Sea impor / i . "Me cceleober Acceleration Vettor A= Axktayf +ack 2 arya Local Accebenobor & Convective Acceleration o- % In the above equating SL or ae oy AY epresert the “Hove Qt inoresge ef Velocity vovtotime Ot 6 penticulon point or Jocadjon jn the flour > Hence it ig known 03 Local or Temporal Acdpon LOCAL ox Temporal Atcetpoms x The mremainivg term in these eqvotong Yebreiert the ote of jncrease of velocity due +0 the change of position ef Rivid porticles, here TE IR known a3 Convective acceleration. ow for Steady flow; 2 20 40, dao, Spoor Gere fo Local acceleration is Zero: Oe =a BE + v re Similfenty for Ay £a,. Scanned with CamScannerye Attelereton = convective act? us-wto Space * ‘ Lecag ace? tir fo Time] , Spe ef Plow | Convertve _Locad oxy Temporad| * | Alceperator, t oerpretl Steady $Uniform To tot 0 ‘ Steady &. Nonuniform Exist 0 : UnBteady & Uniform 0 Beige Unsteady Non -unifon| Exiot Blat ; ° Veswtipedion of Flow 2— Description of plows pattern 5— The ffow pattern med be desrthed by mems ct Stream Lines, Stream Tube, both thes 4, Creak Ding, (Stream Sines °— Ure es cunve dyawn thro A stream Line Le an dmaginayy ra ugh a flowing pratd tn guch bot % thot , The tangent 40 tH at ang Lyte Gives the direct j at thet poinpe 2 VEO OF How ¥ Two different Streayy fines can teven interecy ¥* each other et ary one moment + Alpe Stream Afhe can even dnesseet Ltgelf. — _ became ag any given Shttant at a point Velocitt must be Unigve - Scanned with CamScanner% Since @ Streamsine £3 everywhere tangent +0 the Veto city. veetor y 5° “There can be no component of Velocity ot SOR anges to. 3tream Lines - and, Hence, ~ oer Thene can be ne flow of ved acrogg ANG Stream LEne- > for Steady flows the 3fream Line pattern Temetng . the. Zame at different times - > for UNgte ade flow , flow pattern cha with Lime- ULV are component op V atorg x £y direetou. tano= Va dy 4 dx Equation ef Stream ging > et oe = ds a * v 2 |? 3D flow TAR Vy [SF 2D flow: (D> Stream Tebe 2 Stream toe 45 bud) Stream Unreg- *F "& No velocity combonemt Normal fp SHream Dee i Henlé, There can be No fous ac ra3s boundig Aurface 9 SfreamTDbe « > They) e a fluid may ertes or Leave a stream Tbe “fen a w ohly. ot HD ends. Scanned with CamScanner Stream Tbe- a ?. ae tn tends. §lous a Stream stvbe “3 fixed 4n space- Gi) * Path- Dine t~ TH $3) an actead poth Paced by an Individvad fluid particle - % Poth tine can Untergeet each other. OT is Log rang Jan concept: KS SS fled powhicle CSD Steak tines 2 Locus of tors pant passing throwh a -pixed point at a Anttant o1 momert 5 44 the Str eet leafy! ot Hit Worment ow iustansp. “s —F When @ colowr on dye is Engected, dn a Bowing REG ai or (Smoke an ages) 3o ag to trace the mothon op fluid pontde ot fie! The path followed. We or teloun ts tadted Streak Liu. weep, ays » noe: ob, Pothole Wale aoe a (vnpesa 27g AP IE fev) Seakline of y hee rf ; hie: Scanned with CamScannerIn Steady flow , Since thee is no change Bn f0ou> pattern . Herne , ; +e ’ Hream dine, peth Line & Streak ine * a me same: st Cte Path five MN Short s— Stream Linei— Direo-Hon af velotity. Vectors. | Path Line 1 Streak Line 1 edie mem ea Of Rovid particle. Tdembfionten 8} Location of Ririd ~ porhcles. Flow throw gh Siralght. pipe ef uniform diameter — ~¥ | Corvestive Accel? =o (e/g constant) —---- == rf H = const: (Steads i “Locat pect og 0) uf H - congp- Conprerdy ¢ fous) Locag Ace 5 Jou \ . Flee ik Sash a Norn Convertiue Acc? xO (o/s chargig | If HS const: (ste ou Leta Acer= o ue, hy fy A Const Cuntpenalyfloen) LCA 5 Scanned with CamScannerRotational £ Lnrnoteponad mo-Hou :_ f Eetstien component ef Avid. Penh i.) ny (@)- Angulon Velottun. aren Arg uton Velo ef. (9) 8 » “ Gre Be TH generae flows. - — a (rgay2 OO = 7 (Fx¥) on Os works Pros roa ab foe a te : zrla . * OF Bz Ug w 2b; CF B)-4S- Bo aea Wx = Lyi 492 po fototona . Ls overt ogee ET rotate ee Allow) Tf ang eb Wy or a or We fo iS sho [ Reobetono’ Flo ww} IF Rototlonal compborord Is hot Zero then) Scanned with CamScannerFor 2D Plow if Wx =O Déstationag Fe © Wy sho RoteBenae plow me Ly Ainguen Vel oc ify £8 Ze0 (=e) Flovs 1g Trnotational fpow- BNonbicity ¢- T+ jg votabonal sirens, In the pale Of pould pomtictes: SA TF TS defined a8 chiculehon per Unitarcy| AT is demoted og (Zeeta) g- ge. £ Tac udeation ‘ Ares = Ix > V don cuntxi?) i ! Ta - [2 I ¥ 3 a eth > 7 ay & > Vorkiciey bs vector quantity . & =o > Tanctotonal foro & Fo > Rototonat Low - CD) . Cirevlabone- py is defined 03 the Line Antegra of velo crt. vettor taken afong a Closed ooh + ' > Lt is denoted as captal Gamma (T) Scanned with CamScannerTn otter werd _ The ftous : oped Cun rs call ChALudodton, , eo op ve 2s cabled The Flows in Eddieg & Vordic a | ) * mathematicag Concept °p Cinculotios, | The A Ho com a iteTr aL, a Taker Comp hetep ie Pargentiag ne Ceped Conve , o a : Comp (orien 4 ted Curve = of Velocity vedor. 1 AMY po) Wn fig. the Veloaig on he Curve > 6 bsg b re ee >> Then the co Spending to defivs jo ° X chage mn CUAre Ig Scanned with CamScanner> De CIrtvQation anouond a cloge care Le Reo, Veboe YY gy that Nepfon 2¢ Lannotethng s -Veloct otentiial % — : fp ‘h_Potentiol ee CP) Velocity poteriag (P) (phi) is defined ax, A Acaley funchen f Space & time sech thot Sky negative denivative wn to omy dire chor Hes tha Farid verocity sin thet directions Methemesticadty = > >= S(vyz4> Unsteods flea B= fF O42) > Steady frou fe y= ~ o> ~ do WVEW ne the veloc oon lompmentin Y Y42 deed py. aa The Ve sign Bignefies ote ‘decreases with incgreave fp the valve OP wuer. % Tt means, Fou is alusays fn the rection °F decrensivg. vtotty potenti) vee an Ancompressibte foci, 5 if flow ts Steely ) Continvits Eq wold be oy vow OA YM Hen oy Oot 2. az Svbsibibde the vole of ay, View je, pao 4 det eg? jy dew of pi ae Oo /_ad 3 3 doe ax + agl- Pt sb C$) =o Scanned with CamScannerRX yz | xe P14 ep so a ae rs eq ts Known ag | Eapbace eqh| for 2D tte /— > . 6 (axe dye To For Rotatyonal flows! Ro fetronal (omponent ann, ad ow ov ew ove - L/o uy, % ae), “o" a( 32 ~ 3x) Ws = 2 ae 5 S) Tubgh rede value of a V4, in feomey gr al eb 2 “2A oy “y= or 2[- x sa) za 7 pode e2> $(-# 5 +) TF $48 continvers fenchon ton, 7 / yt , ob eb a SP, 7 oth > Sax SES iby Be Aconding do which, (x = Wy = 09e = ° > when Noteenal Component We Zeno, The ow |! cabled. Tmotatonad: Flow a3 Scanned with CamScanner Fon otasonal|*Trp: Paint s- p> fer 2D dD both & Velocity wf flow wilt be dn the directon Sf Decreasing vepoctty potential - se oO: 4, qe? g=1 : een, TF Velocity potential ts contlant én perbicuta, direction , Velo city will be ZxN0 fn thet dLivects| x Veboctty potentiag exist ondy for Toxrotationa : * Along eqv-ibrlenctiad fine , Velocity. poterctiag Cp) is constarde- * 3S welevly potential (d) satisfies Laplace eq” then ib algo sablatyes Combinvity ed Steade Drombresitle Lrotetonal If net-sobefy Labluce then flow tg not bostibles ~ flows Neotel Eqvipptentiag Line’ Ling ; 7 _ Felnivg the points } equal petenpiad fornchen aduer? f. Sep foretion CY) sais demoted os Ve YH is defined 23, The Scotey foncton of Shace et ae thot its portal denivative "Ih exert t0 any direotion aj 7 ves tho Vepous tombonent of. Ks H elo tht oi to thot incase Anges (Covnter clatkeoite diet) * —> Et defined only for 2D flow: Scanned with CamScanner Hence farsitpeethemat; - " my Y= feey a) For Unsteady tn Ye o Bech pot, 4 % 4) fer Stectey flow OV , 2 ox 7 OP ony ay 3g fox “The on rtational component, Wy = [x a Sot) Sobattede vate ¥ wey = 1/¥Yr sty 2 2 fp >xe 1 “Tye | Fox Tonotetoned {loo Wy =0, Here above eq? become } a ey => flow i Lurotettnap axe vi we ° = & Laplace 9? for yr. —> Further Subsite velve er uy ey in op? sf (ontinurtg. fer 2-p Shecidy £00 2 oar -intom pre seildde fletd :— + 2a 4 tr sr0g dx2g If pexdst, tem If soi Seti sfieg 7 ea confine egh & fou lomatialy. “| Soy Sma Be Torstar £2 =o Scanned with a5 Imp: Points > IF YF gatsfies Labtuce eq? , ther the flows 13 Tsmotectionad- DE Yo enulap tem Ub socbisfy combine iy e9 & flour Can be Rotechon OF: Tanotebornt- % Flow 14 Alwoaye Posejiler _Retetion Yur Stream-funcHon & Velocity poterthad funwon o— 9 a= -2 eve sy & ys -aH = ah 2 Hemee, = dO _ ak ax og Cauchy — Retmann eq? MOR epeayo lias ST Stream Line , equifotentiad Line & Flovo net o— * >A Property of stream function ig thet the ~ AP ffenence ap ths valve ot two poirtke siebnesent the flow acras ony fine goiivg. HLL points. an Bachege prvnit oy ; : —+ 8 any) |) a If Y=0 4 Flow will be Londant: Le WhEN Two pojrt ALB Lieg on Hie SMe Streambjye. then ‘YA-Ye=o Ce(Y=0) because tere 18 Neoflous access fre stream tines Scanned with CamScanner¥ Ya-YBao then a constank | 4x Stream tine bs given by [P= cons Simi.Qoul She ae Pecorse, Depregent a Conve fone S Hence i potential 45 ame ot MY bofng. > b ) eb egemn yp. Equipotemtag Line, ary r CPt [Stream tine = x dx + oF dy = dy = oe r Vax yy. dy =m ° sts u “Fon Conny « oe = oy Stream fenttion = ¥= Comet => dite = 6 ay “gn 7 Spe of ieam Lipolemtjal Line) | t Sim}. : “ = Const ( fo E . db= 2 "by. > Shdx + 2 ay So abn? . 3 % eget ting! « 4q Scanned with CamScannerConsider lwo cunve AnierAeebiy. eachope, ot an poirt - . Tre Saepe ap there cwne ot the pelve 94 Jrtestely 45 dofearred, nyo = x & se = ~ He Therefore , dhe product Of tue Alpe of those two come at He point Indemgecth oun > -1 => [axme= - Hemee, Stream tines 2 Equipotent af Line. are. orthegencR | to each othe\- Flow Net s- A grid Obtained by drauting. A Renres Op Btreamdines & equipotorvhal Lines FR cabled 08 flownet- a Flow net ag important sdooe fh anahye Teo Dirremajonod . Ernotetionad Flow problers| * fon Drawing. Flow net, 1— > Flows shevld be Steady, ? Flow shoul be Lrnotebdnal. PF Flow i2 pot goverhed bs any B> ev ity force. The Zpace bw two adjacent Shem Dune may be considered, 24 a flow channels > & tht Diechorge Flow! porogh Pb ie Gece byeperhoniad to (3 -% Diychoryye Per LINE Leora), aaaR) Scanned with CamScanner~ % i: S FNowo Net FQows NE m5 thee Pap cre L to cach othe, > MWe differenre YW two Atrearm forncbos, Gres — digchorge per unit Length (1)+ cae Frppbiahon eb Flows net — fonsfevd on e Per is often a fem pabiige grovnd water Fu ap co problem « TNS mete dg alpo yied to Cheele the Problen, ® flows unde Aydraubic stevepre Uke, Dams, Sheet pile uoells ett- Methods used fon Drawing the flows nets oxy ©. Arralystical Method (Zh) -brraphycap Pettod. (@-Chectarcal Analogy Metied (T)- Relarcation Method, (Dhele Shaw or Viscous flow Analogy geprs g. Limbboction 2- Flow net analysts cannot te applied. th the rYrn | (Rove to the bond wher effect oP \eescosrtes predomi, The désterted fou fh the eon @ gablid “body 23 Knows ot Wake: ot Wake formation £3 Nepfrbicoted by flow Scanned with CamScanner