PRACTICAL QUESTIONS

TRANSPORTATION & HIGHWAY ENGINEERING, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, PERT CPM,
PORTS AND HARBOR, CONSTRUCTION METHOD
1. Harbors are classified as:
a) Natural harbor
b) Semi-natural harbor
c) Artificial harbor
2. What is the average interval between
successive high tides which is half the time
between successive passages of the moon
across a given meridian.
ANS: 12 hrs. and 25 min.
3. Waves formed by gravitational attraction of
the moon and sun is called:
ANS: Tides
4. The bending of waves as they slow down is
called:
ANS: Wave refraction
5. Waves that have propagated beyond the initial
winds that generated them are called:
ANS: Swell
6. The distance that a wind blows across the
water is called:
ANS: Fetch
7. The graphical representation of the direction
frequency of winds at a particular location
over a period of time is known as:
ANS: Wind rose
8. Waves generated by storms which occur
outside area of observation:
ANS: Swells
9. The ratio of the wave length to its height for
ocean waves is between _____
ANS: 17 and 33
10. A very long standing wave on a large but
limited body of water generally occurring
when a storm dies down after producing a
wind tide.
ANS: Seiche
11. If the velocity of the wind is 25 mph, find the
wind pressure in kPa if the constant
c = 0.00256.
ANS: 0.0678
12. The difference in height between the mean
higher high water and the mean lower low
water is called:
ANS: Diurnal range
13. The PPA (Phil. Ports Authority) requires that
water level that guarantees about water
depth for safety of the ships berthing on a
certain ports and harbor, below the mean
lower-low water should be equal to 0.15 m
to 0.40 m.
14. A change in the dissection of travel of the
wave with change in depth of water which
distributes wave energy along the seashore
unevenly is called:
ANS: Wave refraction
15. When the lines connecting the earth with the
sun and the moon form a right angle, that is
the moon is in her quarters, then the actions
of the moon and sun are subtractive and the
lowest tides of the month occur is called:
ANS: Neap tide
16. Queuing theory involves the analysis of
what is known as queuing system which is
composed of:
a) Server
b) Stream of customers, who demand service
c) Queue or line of customers waiting to be
served
§ Asphalt concrete pavements are subject
to a variety of types of pavement distress
or failure.These includes:
17. Alligator cracking – A series of
interconnected or interlaced cracks
caused by fatigue failure of the asphalt
concrete surface under repeated traffic
loading.
18. Block cracking – Cracks forming large
interconnected polygons, usually with
sharp corners or angle. These cracks are
generally caused by hardening and
shrinkage of the asphalt and or reflection
cracking from underlying layers such as
cement-treated base.
19. Transverse cracking – Cracks
approximately at right angles to the
pavement centerline. These may be caused
by shrinkage or differential thermal stress
of the asphalt concrete or maybe reflective
cracks.
20. Raveling – Wearing away of the pavement
surface caused by dislodging of aggregated
particles and binder. This is usually a result
of insufficient asphalt binder in the mix or
stripping of asphalt from particles of
aggregate is called:
21. Longitudinal cracking – Cracks
approximately at right angles to the pavement
center-line. These are caused by poorly
constructed construction joints and shrinkage
of the asphalt concrete surface; they may also
be reflective cracks.
22. Dip track raveling – Progressive
disintegration of the surface between the
wheel paths caused by dripping of gasoline or
oil from vehicles.
23. Bleeding or flushing – The exuding of
bitumen onto the pavement surface, causing a
reduction in skid resistance. It is generally
caused by excessive amounts of asphalt in the
mix or low air voids content. It occurs when
asphalt fills the voids in the mix during hot
weather and then exudes out onto the
surface of the pavement is known as:
§ Types of pavement distress affecting
Portland cement concrete pavements
include the following:
24. Faulting – Elevation differences between
adjacent slabs at transverse joints. It is
usually the result of pumping and is a major
source of Portland concrete pavement
failure.
25. Settlement – Local sagging in the pavement
caused by differential settlement,
consolidation, or movement of the
underlying earth mass.
26. Blowups – Localized upward buckling and
shattering of the slabs at transverse joints or
cracks. They can occur when transverse
joints are filled with incompressible solid
materials. They are especially common
where pavement is sanded in winter to
counteract icy conditions and in areas
subject to large temperature changes is
known as:
 27. Joint or crack spalling – The breakdown or 32. Higher concrete strength and durability and
disintegration of slab edges at joints or adequate workability is acquired if.
cracks, usually resulting in the loss of sound THE WATER-CEMENT RATIO IS LOWER
concrete and the progressive widening of
joint or crack. 33. What is the purpose of using water-reducing agents
28. Surface attrition or surface abrasion in a concrete mix?
– Abnormal surface wear, usually resulting IT INCREASE THE SLUMP OR
from poor quality surface mortar or coarse WORKABILITY OF A CONCRETE MIX
aggregate.
29. Surface polish – Loss of the original 34. The time required for a complete mixer-cycle
texture due to the traffic action. AVERAGE 2 TO 3 MIN.

30. A concrete having a slump of 2.5 cm or less.

35. Concrete in truck mixers should be discharged
NO-SLUMP CONCRETE
with in
31. A measure of concrete consistency obtained by 1 ½ HOURS AFTER THE START OF
placing concrete into a test cone following a MIXING AND BEFORE THE DRUM HAS
standard test and measuring the decrease in REVOLVED 300 TIMES
height of the sample when the cone is removed.
SLUMP
36. They are often used as surface treatments when
the pavement is likely to be subjected to spills of
petroleum fuels such as airfield aprons and taxi
ways, and in gasoline stations.
TAR
37. Bituminous materials serves to bond the
aggregates particles in a flexible pavement is
referred to as
BINDER
38. In additions to the waste aggregate (gravel) and
time aggregate (sand) used in concrete mixes,
asphalt mixes often contain a third size of
aggregates called
FINES
39. Surface treatments or overstays of asphalt and
concrete is called
RESURFACING
40. When the water pressure exactly equals soil
weight, the soil will behave like a liquid and we
have a condition called:
LIQUEFACTION OR QUICKSAND
41. If the water pressures is strong enough to move
subsurface soil up through the bottom of the cut,
the conditions is called
BOILING OR PIPING
42. When the concrete has hardened sufficiently so
that a worker’s foot makes only a small
impression in the surface, the concrete is floated
with a wood or metal float to smooth and
compact the surface while embedding aggregate
particles, this process is called
FLOATING
43. When the concrete has hardened sufficiently so
that workers foot makes only a small impression
on the surface, the concrete is floated with wood
or metal float which smooths and compacts the
surface while embedding aggregate particles, after
this a process is use to make a smooth dense
surface, this process is called
TROWELING
44. Finishing operations used when a textured skid
resistant surface is desired for concrete which
has hardened sufficiently so that a worker’s foot
make only a small impression in the surface are a
follows.
SCREEDING, FLOATING, TROWELING
AND BROOMING
45. The process of the placing temporary shores
under slabs or structural members form have
been stripped is called.
RESHORING
46. A contract that provides a specified payment for
completion of the work described in the contract
is referred to as
LUMPSUM CONTRACT
47. A contract which specifies the amount to be paid
for each unit of work but not the total contract
amount is referred to as
UNIT PRICE CONTRACT
48. A contract which contain a provision whereby
the contract value us adjusted according to a
specified price index is referred to as
FIXED PRICE WITH ESCALATION
CONTRACT
49. A contract which pays the contractor a fee that is
a percentage of the projects actual cost is
referred to as:
COST PLUS A PERCENTAGE OF COST
CONTRACT
50. The time lost by traffic due to traffic frictions and
traffic control devices is called:
DELAY
51. The delay that vehicles experience regardless of
the amount of traffic volume and interference
present is called:
FIXED DELAY
52. The delay caused by interference from other
components of the traffic stream, or resulting
from congestion, parking maneuvers, pedestrian
and turning moments is called:
OPERATIONAL DELAY
53. The difference between the actual time required
to traverse a section of street or highway and the
time corresponding to the average speed of
traffic under uncongested conditions.
TRAVEL TIME DELAY
54. Construction techniques that should be
use to prevent concrete surface defects.
• Scaling
• Crazing
• Dusting
55. A highway devoted entirely to the task of traffic
movement, performing no land service function,
and on which all crossing conflicts are removed
by grade separation is called:
FREEWAY
56. An access controlled highway which may or may
not be divided or have grade separations at
intersections is known as:
EXPRESSWAY
57. The most significant property of cohesionless soil
is their:
RELATIVE DENSITY
58. The most significant property of cohesive soil is:
CONSISTENCY
59. The bending force that holds soil grains together
is called:
COHESION
60. The resistance of the soil grains to their tendency
to slide over one another is referred to as:
INTERNAL FRICTION OF A SOIL
61. The appearance of a powdery material on the
surface of a newly hardened concrete pavement is
known as:
DUSTING
62. A material’s capacity to absorb impact without
fracturing or it is defined as the total energy, from
elastic deformation to fracture, that a material
can absorbed before breaking under impact.
TOUGHNESS
63. Slump test done in concrete mixture is made to
determine:
CONSISTENCY OF CONCRETE
64. Slumps for concrete should not be less than (25
mm) or more than 100 mm.
65. Generally, the dry materials used in making
quality concrete are heavier than water. Thus,
shortly after placement, they have a tendency to
settle at the bottom and displace the mixing
water to the surface which is called:
BLEEDING
66. Leveling – is the bringing of a concrete surface
to true grade with enough mortar to produce the
desired finish.
67. Scaling – is the breaking away of the hardened
concrete surface of a slab to a depth of about 1.6
to 4.8 mm. It usually occurs at an early age of the
slab.
68. Crazing – is the occurrence of numerous fine
hair cracks in the surface of a newly hardened
slab to surface shrinkage.
69. Dusting – is the appearance of a powdery
material on the surface of a newly hardened
concrete slab.
70. Most effective means of curing concrete:
a) Sprinkling
b) Ponding
c) Using wet coverings
71. Flatness – is a measure of the degree to which
the surface of a slab deviates from a plane
72. Levelness – is a measure of the degree to which
slab deviates from horizontal.
73. When mortar is not used immediately after it is
mixed, some of its water may evaporate and
water is added to such mortar is called:
RETAMPERING
74. It is installed of vulnerable locations in masonry
to help water from entering and to collect water
that has entered the masonry and divert it
through weep holes to the exterior is referred to
as:
FLASHING
75. Materials in its natural state before disturbance,
often referred to as in place or in situ.
BANK
76. Materials that has been excavated or loaded.
LOOSE
77. A soil increases in volume when it is excavated
because the soil grains are loosened during
excavation and air fills the void spaces created. As
a result, a unit volume of soil in the bank
condition will occupy more than one unit volume
after excavation.These phenomenon is called:
SWELL
78. When a soil is compacted, some of the air is
forced out of the soil’s void spaces. As a result,
the soil will occupy less volume than it did under
either the bank or loose conditions. This
phenomenon is called:
SHRINKAGE
79. The bucket volume contained within the bucket
when following the outline of the bucket sides is
known as:
PLATE LINE CAPACITY
80. When planning and estimating earthwork, it is
frequently necessary to determine the size of the
pile of material that will be created by the
material removed from the excavation. If the pile
of material is long in relation to its width, it is
referred to as:
SPOIL BANK
81. The bucket capacity when the load is struck off
flush with the bucket sides is known as:
STRUCK CAPACITY
82. The bucket capacity which assumes a level of
material flush with the lowest edge of the bucket
(that is the material level corresponds to the
water level that would result if the bucket were
filled with water is called:
WATER LINE CAPACITY
83. The minimum reasonable period of time during
which the activity can be completed.
OPTIMISTIC TIME
84. The time required to complete an activity based
on typical conditions and historical information.
MOST LIKELY TIME
85. This is the maximum reasonable period of time
the activity would need to be completed.
PESSIMISTIC TIME
§ Construction plans for linear transportation
projects consists of four basic elements:
86. Plan view – This is a drawing of the facility as
it would look to an observer directly above it.
87. Profile – This drawing has elevation as its
vertical axis, and horizontal distance as
measured along the centerline of the facility
(or other reference line), as its horizontal
axis.
88. Geometric cross-section – This view has
elevation as its vertical axis and horizontal
distance, measured perpendicular to the
centerline, as its horizontal axis.
89. Superelevation diagram – This applies to
curved facilities, such as highways or railways,
only. It consists of a graph with roadway or
railway cross slope versus horizontal distance.
§ Geometric design of transportation
facilities must provide for the resolution of
traffic conflicts which are classified as:
90. Merging – occurs when vehicles enter a
traffic stream
91. Diverging – occurs when vehicles leave the
traffic stream
92. Weaving – occurs when vehicles cross paths
by first merging and then diverging
93. Crossing conflicts – occurs when they
cross paths directly
94. Min. lengths of vertical curves are
determined by:
a) Sight distance
b) Comfort or appearance criteria
95. Min. grades for highways are determined by:
Drainage requirement
96. What is the basis for design of transportation
system operating strategies, traffic control
systems and certain physical features of
transportation systems is referred to:
ANS: The Analysis of traffic flow
97. Headway – the reciprocal of flow or average
time separation of vehicles in the traffic stream
and is usually measured in seconds.
98. Distance separation or spacing of vehicles – is
the reciprocal of density
99. Occupancy – the fraction of time that vehicles
are present at a point in space
96. Peak hour factor – the ratio of the hourly
volume to the peak 15 minute flow rate
97. Percent time delay – the average percent of the
total time that all motorists are delayed in
platoons while traveling a given section of a
highway
98. Traffic signals operate by assigning the right of
way successively to intersection approaches. The
red, yellow or green lights that is displayed to
drivers in a given movement is called an:
ANS: indication
99. The time required for one complete sequence of
signal indications is called a:
ANS: cycle
100.The time spent loading and unloading passengers
is known as:
ANS: Dwell time
101.Hazard – a source or a situation with a
potential harm in terms of human injury or
health, damage to property, damages to the
environment or a combination of these.
102.Benching (benching system) – means a method
of protecting employees from cave-ins by
excavating sides of an excavation to form one or
a series of horizontal levels or steps usually with
vertical or near vertical surfaces between levels.
103.Sheeting – means the members of shoring
system that retain the earth position and in turn
are supported by other members of the shoring
system
104.Shoring (shoring system) – means a structure
such as a metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber,
that supports the sides of an excavation and
which is designed to prevent cave-ins.
105.Support system – means a structure such as
underpinning bracing or shoring, which provides
support to an adjacent structure, underground
installation or the sides of excavation
106.Trench (trench excavation) – means a narrow
excavation (in relation to its length) made below
the surface of the ground
107.Sloping (sloping system) – means a method of
protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating
to form sides of an excavation that are inclined
away from the excavation so as to prevent cave-ins.
108.Shield (shield system) – means a structure that is
able to withstand the force imposed on it by a
cave-in and thereby protect employees from the
structure.
109.What is the capacity of suspension scaffold rigging?
ANS: Must at least 6 times the intended
load.
110.Hazard – a source or a situation with a
potential harm in terms of human injury or
health, damage to property, damages to the
environment or a combination of these.
111.Wales – means a horizontal member of a
shoring system placed parallel to the excavation
face whose sides bear against the vertical
member of the shoring system or earth.
112.Toppling – in addition to sliding tension cracks
which will occur in an open cut or trench, this
will occur when the trench’s vertical face shears
along the tension crack line and topples into the
excavation.
113.Heaving or squeezing – it is caused by the
downward pressure created by the weight of
adjoining soil in an open cut or trench.
114.The following data were recorded in a network to reduce time on the critical path so that total completion time
is reduced.
Crash cost = $1200
Normal cost = $900
Normal time = 8 days
Crash time = 6 days

Compute the crash cost per period:

Solution:

𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡

𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 =
𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 − 𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
1200 − 900
𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 = = $𝟏𝟓𝟎
8−6
115.Assume a task has the following estimated durations.
Optimistic time = 10 days
Most likely time = 13 days
Pessimistic time = 25 days
a) Compute the expected time.
b) Compute the variance.
c) Compute the standard deviation.

Solution:
a) Expected time b) Variance c) Standard deviation
𝑎 + 4𝑚 + 𝑏 K
µ= K
𝑎−𝑏 𝜎= 6.25
6 𝜎 =
where µ = expected time 6
𝜎 = 2.5 days
a = optimistic time K
25 − 10
b = pessimistic time K
𝜎 =
m = most likely time 6
𝜎 K = 6.25 variance
10 + 4(13) + 25
µ= = 14.5 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝟏𝟓 𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔
6
RECREATIONAL PROBLEMS
1. A man walks one mile south, one mile west, then
one mile north ending where he began. From how
many points on the surface of the earth can such a
journey be made? (There are more than 1)
Ans: Infinite
2. Maynard’s Grandfather Clock is driven by two
weights, one for the striking mechanism which
strikes the hours only, the other for the time
mechanism. When he hears the clock strike his
bedtime, he immediately winds the clock and
retires. After winding, the weighs are exactly
opposite each other. The weighs are again opposite
every six hours thereafter. What is Maynard’s
bedtime?
Ans: 9 pm or 3 am
3. Dr. Fubisher LaRouche, the noted mathematician,
was shoping at a hardware store and asked the
price of certain articles. The salesman replied.
“One would cost 10 cents, eight would ost 10
cents, seventeen would cost 20 cents, one hundred
and four would cost 30 cents, seven hundred and
fifty six would aslo cost 30 cents, and one
thousand and seventy two would cost 40 cents.”
What was Dr. LaRouche buying?
Ans: 10 cent/number
4. A neat computer programmer wears a clean shirt
every day. If he drops off his laundry and picks up
the previous week’s load every Monday night, how
many shirts must he own to keep him going?
Ans: 15
5. Very few people are aware of the growth pattern
of Jack’s beanstalk. On the first day it increased its
height by ½, on the second day by 1/3, on the third
day by ¼, and so on. How long did it take to
achieve its maximum height (100 times its original
height)?
Ans: 198 days
6. Six grocers in a town each sell a different brand of
tea in four ounce packets at 25 cents per packet.
One of the grocers gives short weight, each packet
of his brand weighing only 3 ¾ ounces. If I can use
a balance for only one weighing, what is the
minimum amount I must spend to be sure of
finding the grocer who gives short weight?
Ans: 3.7 dollars
7. Between Kroflite and Beeline are five other towns.
The seven towns are an integral number of miles
from each other along a staight road. The towns
are so spaced that if one knows the number of
miles a person has traveled between any two
towns he can determine the particular towns
uniquely. What is the minimum distance between
Kroflite and Beeline to make this possible?
Ans: 25 miles
8. On a certain day, our parking lot contains 999 cars,
no two of which have the same 3 digit license
number. After 5:00 p.m. what is the probability that
the license numbers of the first 4 cars to leave the
parking lot are in increasing order of magnitude?
Ans: 4! or 24
9. A hospital nursery contains only two baby boys;
the girls have not yet been counted. At 2:00 p.m. a
new baby is added to the nursery. A baby is then
selected at random to be the first to have its
footprint taken. It turns out to be a boy. What is
the probability that the last addition to the nursery
was a girl?
𝟐 Ans: 25%
Ans:
𝟓
12. A forgetful physicist forgot his watch one day and
10. A salesman visits ten cities arranged in the form of
a circle, spending a day in each. He proceeds
clockwise from one city to the next, except
whenever leaving the tenth city. How many days
must elapse before his location is completely
indeterminate, i.e., when he could be in any one of
the ten cities?
Ans: 83
11. Mr. Field,, a speeder, travels on a busy highway
having the same rate of traffic flow in each
direction. Except for Mr. Field, the traffic is moving
at the legal speed limit. Mr. Field passes one car for
every nine which he meets from the opposite
direction. By what percentage is he exceeding the
speed limit?
asked an E.E. on the staff what time it was. The E.E.
looked at his watch and said: “The hour, minute,
and sweep second hands are as close to trisecting
the face as they ever come. This happens only
twice in every 12 hours, but since you probably
haven’t forgotten whether you ate lunch, you
should be able to calculate the time.” What time
was it to the nearest second?
Ans: 2:54:35 and 9:05:25
13. A circle of radius 1 inch is inscribed in an
equilateral triangle. A smaller circle is inscribed at
each vertex, tangent to the circle and two sides of
the triangle. The process is continued with
progressively smaller circles. What is the sum of
the circumference of all circles?
Ans: 𝟓𝝅
16. Find the smallest number (x) of persons a boat
14. Three hares are standing in a triangular field which
is exactly 100 yards on each side. One hare stands
at each corner; and simultaneously all three set off
running. Each hare runs after the hare in the
adjacent corner on his left, thus following a curved
course which terminates in the middle of the field,
all three hares arrriving there together. The hares
obviously ran at the same speed, but just how far
did they run?
Ans: 100 yards
15. A cowboy is five miles south of a stream which
flows due east. He is also 8 miles west and 6 miles
north of his cabin. He wishes to water his horse at
the stream and return home. What is the shortest
distance he can travel and accomplish this?
Ans: 17.9 miles
may carry so that (n) married couples may cross a
river in such a way that no woman ever remains in
the company of any man unless her husband is
present. Also find the least number of passages (y)
needed from one bank to the other. Assume that
the boat can be rowed by one person only.
Ans: number of persons x = 2,
number of passages y = 5
17. 1960 and 1961 were bad years for ice cream sales
but 1962 was very good. An accountant was
looking at the tonnage sold in each year and
noticed that the digital sum of the tonnage sold in
1962 was three times as much as the digital sum of
the tonnage sold in 1961. Moreover, if the amount
sold in 1960 (346 tons), was added to the 1961
tonnage, this total was less than the total tonnage
sold in 1962 by the digital sum of the tonnage sold
in that same year. Just how many more tons of ice
cream were sold in 1962 than in the previous year?
Ans: 361 tons
18. The Sultan arranged his wives in order of
increasing seniority and presented each with a
golden ring. Next, every 3rd wide, starting with the
2nd, was given a 2nd ring; of these every 3rd one
starting with the 2nd received a 3rd ring, etc. His
first and most cherished wife was the only one to
receive 10 rings. How many wives had the Sultan?
Ans: 9842 wives
19. A boat owner agrees to take a group on an outing
at $4.50 apiece if the number of passengers is
equal to or less than his break-even point. For each
person above this he reduces the fare for all
passengers 3 cents per person. If he has on board
now the number of passengers that maximizes the
total collected, what is the boat owner’s profit?
Ans: profit = 0
20. A tennis tournament has 8 players. The number a
player draws from a hat decides his first-round
rung in the tournament ladder. Suppose that the
best player always defeats the next best and that
the latter always defeats all the rest. The loser of
the finals gets the runner-up cup. What is the
chance that the second-best player wins the
runner-up cup?
𝟒
Ans:
𝟕
21. Coupons in cereal boxes are numbered 1 to 5, and
a set of one of each is required for a prize. With
one coupon per box, how many boxes on the
average are required to make a complete set?
Ans: 11.42
24. Suppose we toss a needle of length 21 (less than 1)
22. Duels in the town of Discretion are rarely fatal.
There, each contestant comes at a random
moment between 5 a.m. and 6 a.m. on the
appointed day and leaves exactly 5 minutes later,
honor served, unless his opponent arrives within
the time interval and then they fight. What fraction
of duels lead to violence?
𝟏
Ans:
𝟔
23. If a stick is broken in two at random what is the
average length of the smaller piece? What is the
average ratio of the smaller length to the larger?
Ans: ¼ of its length, ratio is .386
on a grid with both horizontal and vertical rulings
spaced one unit apart. What is the mean number
of lines the needle crosses?(I have dropped 2a for
the spacing because we might as well think of the
length of the needle as measured in units of
spacing.)
Ans: 1.27
PROBLEMS FOR EXERCISES
1. A spider of mass 0.30 g waits in its web of 4. A wave whose wave length is 𝜆 = 0.30 𝑚 is
negligible mass. A slight movement causes the traveling down a 300 m long wire whose total
web to vibrate with a frequency of about 15 Hz. mass is 15 kg. If the wire is under a tension of
Estimate the value of the spring stiffness constant 1000 N, what are the speed and frequency of this
K for the web. wave?
R T X
𝑓= ANS: K = 2.7 N/m 𝑉= ANS: V = 140 m/s
KS U U/Z

[
2. A geologist uses a simple pendulum that has a 𝑓= ANS: f = 470 Hz
\
length of 37.10 cm and a frequency of 0.8190 Hz
at a particular location f the earth. What is the
5. The intensity of an earthquake P wave traveling
acceleration due to gravity at this location?
through the Earth are detected 100 km from the
g = (2π)2 L ANS: 9.824 m/s
source is 1.0(10)6 W/m2. What is the intensity of
that wave if detected 400 km from the source?
3. A large motor in a factory causes the floor to
vibrate up and down at a frequency of 10 Hz. The ]^
=
`_^
ANS: I2 = 6.3 x 104 W/m2
amplitude of the floors motion near the motor is ]_ `^^
about 3 mm. Estimate the max. acceleration of ]^ (Raa)^
=
the floor near the motor. R.a(Ra)b (caa)^

amax = (2πf)2 A ANS: amax = 12 m/s2

6. Estimate the impulse and the average force
delivered by a karate blow that breaks a board.
Assume the hand moves at roughly 10 m/s when
it hits the board.
ANS: Impulse = 10 kg.m/s
Average force = 5 kN
7. A 10,000 kg railroad car A, traveling at a speed of
24 m/s strikes an identical car B, at rest. If the
cars lock together as a result of the collision,
what is their common speed just afterward?
m1V1 + m2V2 = m1V + m2V
10,000(24) + 0 = (10,000 + 10,000)V
V = 12 m/s
8. For a top player, a tennis ball may leave the racket
on the serve with a speed of 55 m/s. If the ball
has a mass of 0.06 kg and is on contact wit the
racket for about 4 x 10-3 sec, compute the
average force on the ball?
U[ a.af(gg)
𝐹= = ij = 800 N
e c h Ra
9. A 60 kg jogger runs up a long flight of stairs in 4
sec. The vertical height of the stairs is 4.5 m.
Estimate the jogger’s power output in watts and
how much energy did this require?
Ulm fa(n.o)(c.g)
P= = = 660 watts
e c
Energy = Pt
Energy = 660(4) = 2640 Joules
10. A dart of mass 0.10 kg is pressed against the
spring of a toy dart gun. The spring with spring
stiffness constant K = 250 N/m and ignorable
mass is compressed 6 cm and released. If the dart
detaches from the spring when the spring reaches
a natural length (x = 0), what speed does the dart
acquire?
½ K x2 = ½ mV2
250(0.06)2 = 0.10 V2
V = 3 m/s
11. How much network is required to accelerate a 13. Estimate the force a person must exert on a
1000 kg car from 20 m/s to 30 m/s? string attached to a 0.15 kg ball to make the ball
w = ½ m(V22 – V12) revolve in a horizontal circle of radius 0.60 m.
The ball makes 2 revolutions per second (T = 0.5
w = ½ (1000)[(30)2 – (20)2] sec). Ignore the string’s mass.
w = 250,000 Joules
𝑚𝑉 K
𝐹=
w = 2.5 x 105 Joules 𝑟

2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋(0.6)
12. A 0.15 kg ball on the end of a 1.10 m long cord V= = = 7.54 𝑚/𝑠
𝑇 0.5
(negligible mass) is swung in a vertical circle.
Determine the min. speed the ball must have at 0.15(7.54)K
the top of its arc so that the ball continues 𝐹= = 𝟏𝟒 𝑵
0.60
moving in a circle.
𝑉 = 𝑔𝑟

𝑉= 9.8(1.10)
V = 3.28 m/s
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