PRESENTATION

Módulo transversal

English for physical and sports activities

Queda prohibida, salvo excepción prevista en la ley, cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución,
comunicación y transformación de esta obra sin contar con autorización de los titulares de la
propiedad intelectual. La infracción de los derechos mencionados puede ser constitutiva de delito
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Derechos Reprográficos (www.cedro.org) vela por el respeto de los citados derechos.
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PRESENTATION

The world of athletics

Unit

You will learn about...

●  Athletics.
●  Perfect tenses: present perfect and past perfect.
●  Adverbs of frequency.

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●  Modal verbs.

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The world of athletics

Athletics
●  The athletic stadium has an oval shape and eight tracks or lanes around a field.

●  Each track is 400 m long and is made of synthetic materials.

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The world of athletics

Athletics
Throwing events

●  They take place in the featured field with grass on the ground.

●  Events:

●  Discus throw.

●  Shot put.

●  Javelin.

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●  Hammer throw.

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The world of athletics

Athletics
Jumping events

●  They take place in the synthetic areas between field and tracks.

●  Events:

●  Triple jump.

●  Long jump.

●  High jump.

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●  Pole vault.

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The world of athletics

Athletics
Running events

●  They take place around the field.

●  Events:

●  Sprint running.

●  Hurdling.

●  Middle distance running.

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●  Long distance running.

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The world of athletics

Grammar: Perfect tenses

Present perfect

●  We use present perfect to talk about:

●  Something that started in the past and continues in the present.

●  Something that we have done several times in the past and continue to do.

●  Something that happened in the past but is important at the time of

speaking.

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●  Life experiences.

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The world of athletics

Grammar: Perfect tenses

Past perfect

●  We use past perfect to talk about:

●  An action that has finished before another point in the past.

●  Something that started in the past and continued up to another point or

action in the past.

●  Things that were not real in the past.

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The world of athletics

Grammar: Just, yet, already, still, for, since

Just
●  It means a short time ago.

●  It is usually used only with the present perfect tense.

●  It comes between the auxiliary to have and the past participle.

Yet
●  It is used when we expect something to happen.

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●  It is used in questions and negative sentences.

●  It usually comes at the end of the end of the sentence.

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The world of athletics

Grammar: Just, yet, already, still, for, since

Already
●  It is used to talk about something that has happened earlier or earlier than it
might have happened.

●  It usually comes between the auxiliary to have and the past participle.

Still
●  It is used to talk about something that hasn’t finished.

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●  It can be used with present perfect and other verb tenses.

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The world of athletics

Grammar: Just, yet, already, still, for, since

For
●  It is used to talk about a period of time.

Since
●  It is used to talk:

●  About a specific point in time.

●  About the time when an action starts.

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The world of athletics

Grammar: Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of frequency indicate how frequently we do an activity

●  They are often used with the present simple tense as they indicate routines or
repeated activities.

●  The frequency adverbs are placed:

●  Between the subject and the verb, if there is only a verb.

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●  Between the auxiliary verb and the main verb, if there are two verbs.

●  After the verb to be.

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Grammar: Expressions of frequency

●  There are other expressions to say how often: once in a while, every now and
then, from time to time, several times, many times, number of times + a + period
of time, every + period of time, on + day of the week with s at the end.

●  These expressions go at the beginning or at the end of the sentence, but not in
the middle.

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The world of athletics

Grammar: Modal verbs

The modal verbs are used:

●  To show if we believe something is certain (must, may, might, could, can’t),

necessary (have to, not have to, must, should, should have), probable or possible
(may, might).

●  To talk about ability (can, could, to be able to).

●  To ask for permission and to make requests and offers (can, could, may)

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●  To give advice (should, should have, ought to, had better).

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