Dr.

Murni Nazira Sarian

LMRB 1502
Https://youtu.be/auSo1MyWf8g
What is Biodiversity?
Types of Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Genetic Biodiversity
Ecosystem Biodiversity
Biodiversity Conservation
Benefits of Biodiversity
Threats to Biodiversity
Conservation of Biodiversity (Hotspots)
Biodiversity in Malaysia
Conclusion
The End
The term Biodiversity was first coined by Walter G.
Rosen in 1986.
The word Biodiversity originates from the Greek word
BIOS = LIFE and Latin word DIVERSITAS = VARIETY
or DIFFERENCE.
The whole word BIO DIVERSITY generally therefore
means: VARIETY OF LIFE.
Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life. It is a
measure of the variety of organisms present in
different ecosystems.
» 1. Genetic Biodiversity

» 2. Species Biodiversity

» 3. Ecosystem Biodiversity
» Genetic diversity, the level of
biodiversity refers to the total number of
genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup
of a species.
» Species Diversity is the effective number
of different species that are represented in a
collection of individuals
»Ecosystem diversity refers to the diversity of
aplace at the level of ecosystems. The term differs
from biodiversity, which refers to variation in species
rather than ecosystems.
» Consumptive value:
➢ Food/Drink
➢ Fuel
➢ Medicine
➢ Batter crop varieties
➢ Industrial Material
» Non-Consumptive Value:
➢ Recreation
➢ Education and Research
➢ Traditional value
Natural causes:
➢ Narrow geographical area
➢ Low population
➢ Low breeding rate
➢Natural disasters
Anthropogenic causes:
➢ Pollution
➢ Hunting
➢ Global warming and climate
change
➢ Agriculture
Current Hotspot Biodiversity Around the World

https://kids.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frym.2019.00029
Current Hotspot Biodiversity Around the World
https://cleanmalaysia.com/tag/biodiversity-hotspots-in-malaysia/
https://www.reuters.com/article/palmoil-deforestation-study-idUSL3N26A1AI
https://www.fern.org/publications-insight/agriculture-and-deforestation-264/
➢ Conserving Biodiversity in protected Habitats- zoo
In situ conservation
Ex situ conservation
➢ Seed Bank, Gene Bank, Pollen Bank, DNA
Bank

Gene Bank National Park

 Biodiversity
Conservation

In situ Ex situ

Biosphere
Sacred plant home
Sacred Reserves National garden
groves and parks, wildlife
lakes sanctuaries

Seed Bank, Gene

Terrestrial Bank (Germplasm)
,Cryopreservation

Marine
Botanical garden,
Zoological
garden, Aquaria
• Malaysia has only 0.2% of the world’s
land mass, its diversity of flora and
fauna species makes it one of the
richest countries in the world in terms
of biodiversity per unit area - 2nd only
to Indonesia in Southeast Asia.

• The 2001 Global Diversity Outlook

recognized Malaysia as one of the 12
mega diversity countries in the world.

• The number of species in Malaysia

uncertain especially the smaller
organisms such as insects and worms.

• Best estimate = more than 170,000

species in Malaysia.

• There are still many species that have

not been discovered and studied.
• Orang Utan
• Tapir / Tenuk
• Binturong
• Sambar Deer
• Mousedeer (Kancil)
• Rafflesia Flower
• Irrawaddy Dolphin
• SunBear (smallest bear in the
world)
» The Sumatran rhino
» Hornbills – eaten, for mystic purpose
» Malayan tiger – shrinking hunting
ground
» Seladang (gaur or wild cattle)
» Dhole (Wild dog)
» Leopard
» Clouded leopard
» Wildcats
» • Golden cat
» • Marbled cat
» • Flat headed cat
» Horseshoe bat
» Black Shrew
» Serow (mountain goat)
» Sirenia (dugong)
» Leatherback turtle
» Orangutan
» Javan rhinoceros
» Javan tiger
» Vietnamese rhinoceros
» Clouded Leopard
» Biodiversity is our life. If the Biodiversity got lost
at this rate, then in near future, the survival of
human being will be threatened.
» So, it is our moral duty to conserve Biodiversity
as well our Environment. Long- term
maintenance of species and their management
requires co-operative efforts across entire
landscapes.
» Biodiversity should be dealt with at scale of
habitats or ecosystems rather than at species
level.