INTRODUCTION TO WILDLIFE

SHORT COUSE
 INTRODUCTION
 There is no universal definition of wild life; there
are number of definitions,
• Living things that are neither human nor
domesticated, especially mammals, birds and
fishes hunted by man (Game or hunted animals)
or
• All free leaving vertebrates in their naturally
associated environment. (it exclude invertebrate)
Population
Groups of individuals of the same species, or of
an inter-breeding group form a population.
Species as a group are kept together by
interbreeding, with its exchange of genetic
material
Species Habitats
 It is an area within a spp geographic range
 As it is with geographical range habitat are

determined by climate, vegetation, soils and

topographic of the area
 Each habitat is characterized by a certain kind

of biotic community or association. E.g.

“Miombo” wood land habitat is characterized
by Brachystegia jubernardia,
WILDLIFE COMMUNITY
1. Communities are assemblages of large
number of species that occur together in
space and time and all interact directly or
indirect with each other
2. A community is defined as the groups of
different organism living together in a
particular space
3. A biotic community comprises plant and
animals present into a particular area
Importance of wildlife conservation
 Beauty
 Economic value
 Scientific value
 Ecosystems balance
Threats to wildlife
 Habitats loss
 Climate change
 Diseases
 Population
 Invasive species
 overexploitation
Effects of Wild Life Depletion
 Unbalance Food chain
 Reduction in rare species
 Danger to Human Life
 Impact on Biodiversity
 Loss genetic information
 Loss of economic value
EFFECTIVE WAYS FOR CONSERVING
WILDLIFE

 Protection by Establishment of
laws protected area
 Laws should be It is essential to
enacted to
established wild life
protect wildlife
sanctuaries, national
parks and biosphere
reserves to protect
wildlife. These places
provide ideal condition
EFFECTIVE WAYS FOR CONSERVING
WILDLIFE cont….
 Restoration of
original habitat • Better living
 Restoration of condition
original habitat The animal to be
to be built in the encouraged to
deforestation
area
live under the
cover of the thick
grass or bushes
and trees
HABITATS
 Deserts
 Tundra
 Rain Forest
 Forest
 Grassland
 Fresh water

habitats
 Salt water habitat
IMPORTANCE OF MANGROVE
ECOSYSTEM
 Ecological importance:
 Sequestration of carbon
 Basis of a complex marine food chain.
 Creation of breeding habitat.
 Establishment of restrictive impounds that offer

protection for maturing offspring.

 Filtering and assimilating pollutants from upland

run-off.
 Stabilization of bottom sediments.
 Water quality improvements.
 Protection of shorelines from erosion
EXAMPLE OF NATIONAL PARKS IN
TANZANIA
 Ngorongoro creater
 Jozani and chwaka bay national park
 Ruara national park
 Sadani national park
 Serengeti national park
 Mikumi national park
 Tarangire national park
 Mkomazi national park
 Arusha natinal park
 Gombe national park
 Katavi national park
 Selous game reserve
 Lake manyara natinal park
Some Endemic animal species in
Zanzibar
 Redcoulobus
 Fishers Turaco
 Paa Nunga
 Cassina Jozani
 Popo wa pemba
Th
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