COMPRE1: Numerical Solutions & Engineering Data Analysis

MATRIX / MATRICES
- The order of a matrix is defined by the number of rows by the number of columns.

A. Column Matrix
a. A matrix of single column. (nx1 matrix)
B. Row Matrix
a. A matrix of single row. (1xn) matrix
C. Square Matrix
a. A matrix with the same number of rows and columns (nxn matrix)
D. Symmetrical column
a. A square matrix whose elements are symmetrical about its main diagonal.

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
1. Determine the determinant of the given Matrix, 𝑿 = 𝟐 𝟒 −𝟓
𝟑 −𝟓 𝟔
𝑨 𝑫 𝑮 𝑨 𝑫
𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑿 = 𝑩 𝑬 𝑯 𝑩 𝑬
𝑪 𝑭 𝑰 𝑪 𝑭
𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑿 = (𝑨𝑬𝑰 + 𝑫𝑯𝑪 + 𝑮𝑩𝑭) − (𝑪𝑬𝑮 + 𝑭𝑯𝑨 + 𝑰𝑩𝑫)

|𝑋| = [(1 4 6) + (2 −5 3) + (3 2 −5)] − [(3 4 3) + (−5 −5 1) + (6 2 2)]

|𝑋| = −𝟏𝟐𝟏

1 3 1
2. Evaluate the matrix polynomial, 𝐴 = [2𝑥 + 3𝑥] 𝐼 ; 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 4 1 2
3 9 2 2 5 2

1 3 1 1 3 1 3𝑥 = 12 3 6
𝑥 = 4 1 2 4 1 2 6 15 6
2 5 2 2 5 2
15 11 9
𝑥 = 12 23 10
26 21 16
30 22 18
2𝑥 = 24 46 20
52 42 32

30 22 18 3 9 2 33 31 21
[2𝑥 + 3𝑥] = 24 46 20 + 12 3 6 = 36 49 26
52 42 32 6 15 6 58 57 38
33 31 21 1 0 0
[2𝑥 + 3𝑥] 𝐼 = 36 49 26 0 1 0
58 57 38 0 0 1

𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟏 𝟐𝟏
[2𝑥 + 3𝑥] 𝐼 = 𝟑𝟔 𝟒𝟗 𝟐𝟔
𝟓𝟖 𝟓𝟕 𝟑𝟖

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 1 2 3
3. Find the determinant of the adjoint of the matrix: 𝐴 = 2 3 2
3 3 4
Adjoint of a matrix is defined as the transpose of the determinant of the cofactor of each
element in a matrix.
3 2 2 2 2 3
⎡ 3 4 −
3 4 3 3 ⎤
⎢ 2 3 1 3 1 2 ⎥⎥
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = ⎢− −
⎢ 3 4 3 4 3 3⎥
⎢ 2 3 −
1 3 1 2 ⎥
⎣ 3 2 2 2 2 3 ⎦
6 −2 −3
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = 1 −5 3
−5 4 −1
6 1 −5
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = −2 −5 4
−3 3 −1
|𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = [(6 −5 −1) + (1 4 −3) + (−5 −2 3)] − [(−3 −5 −5) + (3 4 6) + (−1 −2 1)]

|𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = 49

4. Suppose A is a square matrix of order 3 has a determinant equal to -2, find the determinant
of 𝐵 = 𝐴 (2𝐴)

1 0 0
Assume: 𝐴 = 0 1 0 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 − 2
0 0 −2

1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
𝐴 = 0 1 0 0 1 0 = 0 1 0
0 0 −2 0 0 −2 0 0 4

1 0 0 2 0 0
(2𝐴) = 2 0 1 0 = 0 2 0
0 0 −2 0 0 −4
2 0 0
(2𝐴) = 0 2 0
0 0 −4

1 0 0 2 0 0
𝐵 = 𝐴 (2𝐴) = 0 1 0 0 2 0
0 0 4 0 0 −4
2 0 0
𝐵= 0 2 0
0 0 −16

|𝐵| = (2 2 −16)

|𝑩| = −𝟔𝟒

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Permutation (𝒏𝑷𝒓)
- Cares about the "arrangement" of objects where the ORDER of the selected objects is important.
- r is the number of objects to be arranged in a set of n objects.

5. An office building has 9 doors. In how many ways can a person enter and leave by a different door?
Use the Fundamental Counting Principle:
For when entering the building: 9 𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠.
For when leaving the building: 8 𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠; 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑎𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑒.

9×8= 𝟕𝟐

6. In how many ways can 6 Civil Engineering Students, 3 Mechanical Engineering Students, and an
Electrical Engineering student, be seated on a long bench, if CE students and the EE student must be
seated together?
Arrangement of Distinct Subjects in a Row = 𝒏!
! ! ! !
From: (𝑛𝑃𝑟) = (⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯= )!
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯=
( )!
⎯⎯= ⎯⎯
!
Check the number of options:
(C&E)MMM
= 4 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 × 7! × 3!
M(C&E)MM
MM(C&E)M = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟗𝟔𝟎 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔
MMM(C&E)

7. In how many ways can the letters in the word "ENGINEERING" be arranged?
𝑫𝑰𝑺𝑻𝑰𝑵𝑪𝑻
For Arrangement of Objects with Identical Subjects = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
𝑰𝑫𝑬𝑵𝑻𝑰𝑪𝑨𝑳

ENGINEERING = 11 letters 𝐸𝑁𝐺 𝐼𝑁𝐸 𝐸 𝑅 𝐼 𝑁𝐺

E=3; N=3; G=2; I=2; R=1
11!
= ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
3! × 3! × 2! × 2! × 1 !
= 𝟐𝟕𝟕 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔
𝐸 𝑁𝐺 𝐼 𝑁𝐸𝐸 𝑅 𝐼𝑁𝐺
𝐸 𝑁𝐺 𝐼𝑁𝐸 𝐸𝑅 𝐼 𝑁𝐺
These three are still the same formation regardless
if their identical letters are interchanged. That's why
we divide the identical options.

8. How many ways can 3 men and 3 women be seated in a round table, if two particular women must sit
together?
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒂 𝒓𝒐𝒘
Circular Permutation Formula: ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
𝒏
Check the number of options:
(ww)4
1(ww)3 6 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 × 2! × 4!
= ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
2(ww)2 6
3(ww)1
= 𝟒𝟖 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔
(ww)4
w4w
9. How many ways can 3 men and 3 women be seated in a round table, if each woman must sit between
two men?
Check the number of options: 2 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 × 3! × 3!
= ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
mWmWmW 6
WmWmWm
= 𝟏𝟐 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔

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 10. How many ways can 3 men and 3 women be seated in a round table?
Arrangement of Distinct Subjects in a Round Table(CIRCULAR PERMUTATION) = (n-1)!
! ×( )×( )×⋯
From: ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯= ⎯⎯= ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯= (𝑛 − 1) × (𝑛 − 2) × ⋯ 1 = (𝑛 − 1)!

= (6 − 1)!

= 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔

Combination (𝒏𝑪𝒓)
- The "arrangement" of objects where the order does not matter.
- In a set of n objects, r is the number of objects to be taken at a time.
𝒏!
- (𝒏𝑪𝒓) = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
(𝒏 − 𝒓)! 𝒓!
11. In how many ways can a committee consisting of 3 men and 2 women be chosen from 8 men and 6
women?
From 8 men, we are going to choose 3. ∴ n = 8; r = 3
From 6 women, we are going to choose 2. ∴ n = 6; r = 2
From the Fundamental Counting Principle:
= (𝑛𝐶𝑟) × (𝑛𝐶𝑟)
8! 6!
= ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯× ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
(8 − 3)! 3! (6 − 2)! 2!
8! 6!
= ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯× ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
5! 3! 4! 2!

= 𝟖𝟒𝟎 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔

12. If Sunday = 1, what is the value of Friday? Select the best answer.
SUN MON TUE WED THURS FRI SAT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31

PROBABILITY
- Defined as the ratio of desired/possible outcomes to the sample space.

13. The lotto uses the numbers 1 to 46. A winner has to correctly guess 6 different numbers in any
order. What is your chance in winning if you bet on one ticket?
𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆 1
𝑷 = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯= ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆 42 𝑪 6

𝟏
𝑷 = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
𝟓 𝟐𝟒𝟓 𝟕𝟖𝟔

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14. A die is constructed so that 1 or a 2 occurs twice as a 3, 4, and 6. A 5 occurs thrice as a 1 or a 2. If the
die is tossed once, what is the probability that an even number will occur?
Sum of all Probabilities = 1
Since it is not a fair die, we need to solve for the probability of each side of the die.
Probability of 3,4, & 6: x
Probability of 1 & 2: 2x
Probability of 5: 3(2x) = 6x
2𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 𝑥 = 1
1
𝑥 = ⎯⎯⎯
13
2 1 1
𝑃 = 𝑃(𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 2,4,6) = ⎯⎯⎯+ ⎯⎯⎯+ ⎯⎯⎯
13 13 13

𝟒
𝑷𝑬𝑽𝑬𝑵 = ⎯⎯⎯
𝟏𝟑

15. Four cards are drawn from a deck of 52 cards. If each card is returned to the deck before the next
pack is drawn. Find the probability that all are clubs.

13 13 13 13
𝑃 = ⎯⎯⎯+ ⎯⎯⎯+ ⎯⎯⎯+ ⎯⎯⎯
52 52 52 52

𝟏
𝑷 = ⎯⎯⎯⎯
𝟐𝟓𝟔

16. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting a ten or a black card.
4 26
𝑃 = ⎯⎯⎯; 𝑃 = ⎯⎯⎯
52 52
4 26 2 2
𝑃 = ⎯⎯⎯+ ⎯⎯⎯− ⎯⎯⎯; ⎯⎯⎯𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 10 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘.
52 52 52 52

𝟐𝟖
𝑷 = ⎯⎯⎯= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑𝟖𝟓
𝟓𝟐

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