Basic concept of

B.Sc.Part III,
Physics,
Shree:-- Sourabh S Kulkarni
( Physics student VYMP Peth Vadagaon)
 Outline.
• What is capacitors ?
• Introduction of suppercapasitors.
• Types of suppercapasitors.
• Basic design.
• Features.
• Applications.
• Advantages.
conventional capacitor is directly proportional
he surface area A of each electrode &
rsely proportional to the distance D between
electrodes.
A/D
ε₀εr(A/D)
ere, ε₀.εr is a proportionality constant.
s a permittivity of free space.
s a dielectric constant between two electrodes.
What is capacitors ?
 Introduction :---
• The suppercapasitor is an electrochemical capacitor
that has an very high energy density as compared to
commen capacitor, about 100 times greater.
Suppercapasitor is also known as ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR
( EDLC ) or ultracapacitor.
The capasitance range is from 100F to 10KF.
 Types of suppercapasitors :---

Supercapasitors.
|
Electric double layer capasitor. Pseudocapasitor. Hybridcapasitor.
| |. |
Activated carbons. Conducting polymers. Composit hybrid.
Carbon Aerogels. Metal oxides. Asymmetric hybrid.
Carbon nanotubes.
 Electric double layer capasitor :---

• EDL formed with electrode and

electrolyte with solvent molicules
between as dielectric.
• Store energy by adsorbing
electrolyte ions onto the
surface of the electrode.
•
Pseudocapasitor :---
• Rely on redox reactions that
takes place at the electrode.
• Electrode material made up of
transition metals, conducting
Polymers, and compound with
O and N functional groups.
• Higher energy density but
lower cycling life.
 Hybrid capasitor :---
• The combination of EDLC and
psudocapasitors.
• Optimizes power density of EDCL
with energy density of seudocapasitor.
• One common example is the Li ion
capasitor which is a current leader in the field.
 Basic design :---
• Electrochemical capacitor consist of two
electrodes separeted by an ion permeable
membrane ( separeter ), electrolyte electrically
connecting both electrodes.
For example :-- Positive electrodes will have a
layer of negative ions and negative elecdrodes
will have layer of positive ions.
 Features :--
• Storage high amount of energy.
• Have high cqpasitance
• High rates of charge & discharge.
• Low toxicity.
• High efficiency (95%).
Applications :--
• Used in diesel engine start up in submarines & tanks.
• Backup power system in missile.
• Power source for laptop.
• Voltage stabilizer.
• Backup for uninterruptable power supplies (UPS).
• Elevators and cranes.
Advantages :---
• High energy storage.
• Eco-frendly
• Quick charging time.
• Maximumlife cycle.
• High specific power. 17 kw/kg.
• Safe with compare Li battery.
.