 x  y  x  y

 x   cos 2   xy sin 2
2 2
 x  y  x  y
 y   cos 2   xy sin 2
2 2
 x  y
 xy   sin 2   xy cos 2
2
 3-7 General Three Dimensional Stress ( Triaxial Stresses)

Triaxial Stress
( no shear stress)
 stress states:
 Biaxial stresses are stresses  applied along two axes of the
element and  = 0.

 Triaxial stresses are stresses  applied

along three axes of the element and  = 0.
 3D Stress – Principal Stresses

The three principal stresses are obtained as the three real roots of the
following equation:

 3  I1 2  I 2  I 3  0
where

I1   x   y   z
I 2   x y   x z   y z   xy2   xz2   yz2
I 3   x y z  2 xy xz yz         
2
x yz
2
y xz
2
z xy

I1, I2, and I3 are known as stress invariants as they do not change in
value when the axes are rotated to new positions.
 Maximum Shear Stresses
Absolute max shear stress is the numerically larger of:

1   2 1   3 2 3
 max,3    max,2    max,1  
2 2 2
y’z’, abs max

 x’y’

 y’z’
1 2 3

Normal
Stress, 
Mohr’s Circle for Triaxial Stress
The principal shear stresses are given by

1   2
1 
2 2
 2 3
2 
3 2
1   3
1 
3 2
 OCTAHEDRAL SHEAR STRESS CRITERION

On the octahedral plane, the octahedral normal stress

octahedral shear stress

The octahedral stress criterion in terms of the yield strength:
Example: triaxial stress state, not plane
stress
• Determine the maximum principal stresses
and the maximum shear stress for the
following triaxial stress state.
• Will the material yield

 20 40  30
  40 30 25 MPa
 30 25  10 
  x  xy  zx   20 40  30
 

 xy  y 

zy    40 30 25 
 
MPa

 zx  yz  z   30 25  10 
 

  I1  I 2  I 3  0
3 2

I1   x   y   z = 20 + 30 –10 = 40 MPa
I 2   x y   x z   y z   xy2   xz2   yz2 = -3025 MPa
I 3   x y z  2 xy xz yz         
2
x yz
2
y xz
2
z xy

= 89500 MPa
 3  65.3MPa
 2  26.5MPa
 1  51.8MPa
 max  1 / 2(65.3  51.8)
 58.5 MPa
 Mohr’s circles
Shear (MPa)
max=58.5

2=26.5

1= -51.8 3=65.3

Normal
Stress,  (MPa)
  3  65.3MPa
3. Von Mises Criterion:  2  26.5MPa S y  300
 1  51.8MPa

?
SY 
1
2
 
( 1   2 )  ( 2   3 )  ( 3   1 )
2 2 2 1/ 2

?
SY 
1
2

(51.8  26.5)  (26.5  65.3)  (65.3  (51.8))
2 2

2 1/ 2

=103.31<300 Mpa
It will not yield