C.

Categorization (Tangible or Intangible) and description of the indigenous

tribes' cultural traits.

CULTURAL TRAITS OF IFUGAO

 INTANGIBLE

The Hudhud chants are performed by the Ifugao during the sowing and harvest
seasons, as well as at funeral wakes. The chants are known since ancient times and
contain stories about ancestors, customary law, traditional customs, and religious
beliefs.
The project intends to collect, preserve, and record the Hudhud, as well as integrate
it into local education programs, establish schools to teach it, and ensure that it is
passed down as a living tradition to future generations of practitioners. Finally,
chanting competitions, concerts, and exhibitions will be used to promote the
Hudhud. Before the of the documentary has started. The Hudhud is now part of the
provincial school curriculum, and the schools that will transmit the Hudhud have
been identified.

 TANGIBLE
 Their great system of irrigated rice terraces—steeply contoured, mountain-
terraced walls of stone that lean slightly inward at the top—is world renowned
and was developed with a simple technology. In addition to rice,
the prestige crop, large amounts of sweet potatoes are grown on hillside plots
and form the staple diet of the poorer class. Pigs and chickens are also raised,
primarily for the numerous rituals and sacrifices.

The bale (Ayangan or Ifugao house) is a multi-functional one-room shelter

where the entire family lives, sleeps, cooks, and eats. It is a well-built house that
could withstand the changes in the environment which makes it fit for both the
dry and wet seasons in the Philippines. The roof is thatched with cogon
(Imperata cylindrica) grass. Its four sturdy posts are made of hardwood. The
structure is made of timber and fixed without using iron nails.
Male Ifugaos wear the wanno, or g-string, as their traditional costume. There are six
various kinds of wannos, each of which is appropriate for the event or the man's social
level. Tapis, a wraparound skirt, is worn by Ifugao women.

Bulul figurative sculptures are the most common and well-known of the Ifugao figurative
sculptures, and they usually take the form of a standing or seated figure. They are
carved from a single piece of wood and represent the human form in a stylized and
geometric manner. Standing figures have their hands either hanging beside them or
resting on their knees, but seated individuals' arms are usually folded. They're usually
created in male and female pairs, but this one looks neutral.
Bulul are treasured in Ifugao civilization, where rice is the main crop, and they are
commonly installed as guards in rice fields and granaries. The sculptures are ritually
consecrated before taking up their role as guardians by being washed in pig or chicken
blood, which can leave them with a darker and mottled patina.
References:

Cunningham, J. M. (n.d.). Ifugao. Britannica. Retrieved October 31, 2021, from

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ifugao-people

Travel Authentic Philippines. (n.d.). COMMUNITY HUT OF THE IFUGAO PEOPLE.

Retrieved October 31, 2021, from https://travelauthenticphilippines.com/ifugao-

people/

Nation Museum Ethnology: Rice - National Museum

Safeguarding and Transmission of the Hudhud Chants of the Ifugao. 01/05/2003 -

01/04/2008

https://ich.unesco.org/en/projects/safeguarding-and-transmission-of-the-hudhud-chants-
of-the-ifugao-00004

Tiongson, Nicanor G., ed. CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art: Peoples of the Philippines, Vol. I. Sentro ng
Pangkultura ng Pilipinas Special Publications Office, 1994.

http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/people/ethnic-groups-in-the-philippines/ifugao-tuwali/

Art Gallery https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/219.2005/#exhibitions