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19 Consonant Phonemes /th/ 

/b/  /th/ 

/d/  /zh/ 

/f/  /wh/ 

/g/ 

/h/ 
5 R-Controlled, or Influenced, Phonemes
/j/ 

/k/ 
/a(r)/ 
/l/ 
/ā(r/
/m/ 
/i(r)/ 
/n/ 
/o(r)/ 
/p/ 
/u(r)/ 
/r/ 

/s/  5 Long Vowel Phonemes

/t/  /ā/ 

/v/  /ē/ 

/w/  /ī/  

/y/  /ō/ 

/z/  /ū/ 

7 Digraph Phonemes 5 Short Vowel Phonemes

/ch/  /a/ 

/sh/  /e/ 

/ng /i/ 
/o/  /ōō/  

/u/ 
2 Diphthongs

2 ‘oo’ vowel Phonemes /ow/ 

/oo/  /oy/ 

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