Report on climate change ,natural

disasters and effects on humans

Course : Introduction to environmental science

Course code: ENV 107 Section: 13

Submitted to

Ms. Sirazoom Munira (Silvy) [SZR]

Lecturer, Department of Environmental Science

North South university, Dhaka.

Submitted by

Serial no Name ID
1 Md. Mainur Rahman Rudra 2011720630
2 Shibly Sadik 2011402630
3 Kazi Tanjila Alam 2011588630
4 Aspia Jahan 2011690630
5 Md. Al Zubair Srabon 2011705630
6 Arafat Zaman Talat 2011139625
7 Rezwan Abdul Malek 2011777630
8 Ahmed Shehol Samith 2011965630
9 Tanvir Alam Tamim 2011977630

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 10 Sanjida Islam Lamia 2012070630

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21st September, 2020

Ms. Sirazoom Munira (Silvy) [SZR]

Lecturer, Department of Environmental Science

North South university, Dhaka.

Dear Madam,

Here is the report that was assigned to us as part of the ENV107 course. The report has been
completed by the knowledge that we have gained throughout the course. We will be happy if you
read the report carefully and provide us your valuable feedback.

We tried our best to complete this report correctly and professionally as much as possible.

Sincerely,

Group 2

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At first, we wish to express our gratitude to our Honorable faculty, for his constant support,
extraordinary guidelines, and comprehensive marketing syllabus that helped us to complete this
report. The report would not have been possible without the diligent hard work of each of the
members who contributed equally and well enough to make this project into an advanced
learning experience for all. The group showed tremendous team-work skills in every phase and
the collaboration of each of our members aided in completing the report on time.

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 Executive summary

The report portrays how climate change is affecting the earth and our country, Bangladesh also is
suffering because of climate change. We do some researches and analysis in some cases of
natural disaster victims to understand how deep the situation in the current world with the help of
the things we have learned throughout the ‘Introduction to Environmental science ’ course.
Extensive research on knowledge gathering and dispensation of the findings has been conducted
from our end to better understand and apply the information to come up with some suggestions
to make the world more sustainable. The object of the report is to enlighten people about climate
change and natural disasters and encourage them to do a few things to make our world as well as
our country more sustainable.

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Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................7
Concept of climate change..........................................................................................................................8
How human are affecting the environment:.............................................................................................10
Global perspective on climate change:......................................................................................................12
In Bangladesh climate change:..................................................................................................................18
Case study about flood effected people in Bangladesh :...........................................................................20
Suggestion to make the environment sustainable....................................................................................22
Conclusion:................................................................................................................................................24
References.................................................................................................................................................25

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Introduction

Climate change is the average result of the weather conditions (wind, rain, sunlight, moisture,
cold, and so on) of one or several years of a certain area on the earth. Irresponsible human
activities and their greeds are mainly responsible for climate change (Lerner and St. Pierre, 2009).
We should know that nature can satisfy our needs but not our greed. To lead a luxurious life we
have built up unplanned industries, factories, power plants, and brick lines. We use motor
vehicles and cars even within a walking distance. All these things need energy that we get
through the combustion of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels produces huge amounts of
carbon dioxide causing atmospheric pollution in cities and towns of Bangladesh and the urban
population are the worst sufferers. On the other hand, industrial and household pollutants we are
throwing into river water, supertanker leakage releases billions of gallons of crude oil into
seawater.
Thus human activities polluting the atmosphere and hydrosphere cause climate change.
Furthermore, deforestation, cutting and burning down forest lands and woods indiscriminately,
the natural absorber and reservoir of carbon dioxide help increasing carbon in the atmosphere,
washing up fertile topsoil and rendering weather conditions abnormal. However, carbon
emission is the main culprit of climate change. Besides CFC gasses are also responsible for
climate change. Climate change seriously affects the ecosystems in many important areas in our
country, it breaks down the food chain and as a result, many of the rare species have gone under
extinction, and the rest of others are on the way to extinction. Truly speaking, human life and
civilization are under threat. So climate change is a colossal problem, especially in the case of
Bangladesh. Due to climate change, ice caps are melting in the polar regions, sea level is rising
and this is what could be affecting Bangladesh of which coastal areas are already submerged by
salty seawater. On the other hand, flood water get stagnated on the flat crops lands, let alone the
river erosions.

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Concept of climate change

Climate Change Definition:

Climate change is the worldwide marvel of atmosphere change described by the adjustments in
the typical atmosphere of the planet (concerning temperature, precipitation, and wind) that are
particularly brought about by human exercises. It is a wide scope of worldwide marvels made
transcendently by consuming petroleum products, which add heat-catching gases to Earth's air.
These wonders incorporate the expanded temperature patterns depicted by a dangerous
atmospheric deviation, yet additionally, include changes, for example, ocean level ascent; ice
mass misfortune in Greenland, Antarctica, the Arctic and mountain ice sheets around the world;
shifts in blossom/plant sprouting; and outrageous climate occasions. Climate change alludes to
the expanding changes in the proportions of the atmosphere over an extensive period.
How Climate was in past and how much it changes:
Paleoclimate records of the most recent 1,000 years demonstrate that climate changes normally
because of variables, for example, sun based and volcanic movement. These variables are
designated "forcings" because they drive or "power" the climate framework to change. Possibly
these forcings, instead of the human-caused ascend in ozone-depleting substances, have caused a
worldwide temperature alteration since the nineteenth century. One technique to concentrate
past, present, and future impacts of these forcings is to utilize models of the full climate
framework. Climate models are PC programs that apply physical laws to figure out how the
climate has changed previously and may change later on. Recreations of the most recent 1,000
years have been finished with a few unique models. Albeit a portion of the subtleties is
extraordinary, they all show a few comparative patterns in the Northern Hemisphere climate:
relative warmth before the fourteenth century followed by chilly periods between the fifteenth
and mid-nineteenth hundreds of years. The warming of the twentieth century is, given the point
of view of the earlier thousand years, uncommon. These recreations intently coordinate the
paleoclimate record of temperature throughout the previous 1,000 years. Contrasts between the
time arrangement are because of a few variables, remembering vulnerabilities for the
constraining time arrangement, for instance, regardless of whether solid or feeble sunlight based

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compelling is utilized, and the eccentrics of certain cooperations between the air, sea, land
surface, and ocean ice.
How much we are suffering from climate change:
Around the globe, individuals are encountering both the inconspicuous and obvious impacts of
climate change. Bit by bit moving climate designs, rising ocean levels, and more extraordinary
climate occasions are largely a clear and obliterating proof of a quickly evolving climate. The
effects of climate change influence each nation on each mainland. Climate change making
uncommon difficulties for many individuals previously troubled by destitution and mistreatment.
The expanded recurrence and force of outrageous climate occasions like storms, out of control
fires, and dry spells compromise the world's food gracefully, drive individuals from their homes,
separate families, and imperil employments. And these impacts increment the danger of conflict,
craving, and neediness. Obvious proof and climbing numbers show that climate change is not a
removed or nonexistent danger, yet rather a developing and irrefutable reality. The situation is
desperate. The most recent United Nations climate change report cautions that our window to
address the danger is contracting quickly. Furthermore, it's people living in destitution who have
the most to lose. For those on the forefronts of the emergency, the battle to gain a living, feed
their families and make protected and stable homes is made more troublesome consistently.

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How human are affecting the environment:

There are many ways Humans are Impacting the Environment

1. Overpopulation
Overpopulation is variously affecting the environment. Because of scientifical advancement,
mortality rates are decreasing, and human is living longer lives than before. For more people,
human needs more space and they use more fossil fuels which severely damages the
ecosystem. It creates a threat to thousands of species. For overpopulation, human needs more
tree to cut down which increases the CO2 level of atmosphere. In the end, it damages every
single organism on earth

2. Pollution
In most of the cases, Humans are responsible for pollution. People are throwing trash
everywhere, using non-degradable products, using a huge amount of fossil fuels, cutting down a
lot of trees and it is damaging the environment continuously. most of the countries are
suffering because of this pollution. Recently many cities are not livable because of polluted air.
3. Global Warming
Global warming is one of the greatest impacts on the environment. The CO2 level is increasing
which traps the temperature of the earth and makes it warmer day by day. As this ice is
melting, many species are losing their homes, and many kinds of natural disasters are occurring
more frequently.

4. Climate Change
Earths weather pattern is changing drastically . in past few years, spring is late . rainy season is
remaining for longer period than before. Due to climate change, the balance of ecosystem is
damaged heavily which eventually affect the environment
5. Genetic Modification

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Genetic modification is one of the major reasons of human prosperity and development.
Humans create a lot of genetically modified species which is really important for scientifical and
medical improvement. But sometimes it affect the balance of natural environment. Example :
there is special kind of rice plant which need more nitrogen to grow than others which impacts
the soil’s nitrogen storage.
6. Ocean Acidification
When CO2 dissolves into seawater , it creates carbonic acid. The acid reduces the pH levels in
the water. According to an analysis, The change in ocean acidity is about 30% in last 200 years.
It affects the sea animals and damage the ecosystem of sea water.
8. Overfishing
We depend on fish for our protein intact. But overfishing is really bad for water life , they can
not create balance in ecosystem. Eventually some species are reached at end point of
extinction which is really harmful to our environment.
9. Deforestation
Cutting down trees and destroying the forest is one of the main reasons of global warming and
climate change. Trees take in the carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. It keeps our air fresh and
cold. But because of the lack of trees, earth is getting warmer and it is impacting the
environment badly.
10. Acid Rain
Humans burn fossil fuels and create sulfur, carbon dioxide, etc. many other global warming
gases which causes Acid rain. Acid rain damages the soil. It also damages the plants and
increases the acidity level of water which damages the water life.

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Global perspective on climate change:

Habitat destruction:

Habitat the normal home or environment of animal plans or other organisms. Healthy habits
are very important for wildlife because they depend on it. But day by day it is going wrong.
Because climate change is altering key habit elements that are unfavorable to wildlife, survival,
and putting natural resources in endangerment. wildlife needs the perfect temperatures,
faultless water, food origin, and a place to raise their young. By the impact of climate change,
these things are on the threat.

Temperature: Climate change has a great impact on wildlife and there are many ways that it is
starting to impact,  increasing temperature, and also its changes in precipitation can directly
influence species depending on their physiology and sufferance of environmental changes.
Climate change can also transfigure of species' food supply or its generative timing accidentally
affecting its strength.

Water(sea level rise): Sometime somewhere we can look inundate beaches marshes because of
sea level rises. And for that reason, most of the erosion is increasing day by day, also of some
distraction and big tragic problems are coming fast like diminishing habitats for birds,
invertebrates, fish, and other aquatic plants and more are in trouble.

Places to raise young: Sea level upraise and changes in salinity could destroy mangrove forests,
leaving many fish, shellfish, and other wildlife without a place to breed, sustain, or raise
offspring.

Species may not be able to adjust to gradual climate change or more acceptable areas as their
current habitats become less acceptable for them. It is important to address this rapid climate
change otherwise it can be dangerous for us because at the end of the day, we depend on

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wildlife and which depends on suitable habitat. If crucial action isn't taken by this current
situation, climate change will likely become the only vital factor of affect wildlife since the
emergence of mankind 

Ecosystem collapse:

An environment is considered collapsed when its interesting biotic or abiotic highlights are
misplaced from all past occurrences. Ecosystem collapse might be reversible and is in this way
not totally comparable to species termination. Climate change is approximately to tear huge
gaps into Earth's delicate web of life, pushing temperatures past the tolerance of thousands of
creatures at the same time. As a few key species go extinct, whole environments like coral reefs
and woodlands will disintegrate, and a few will collapse.
Here is an example of ecosystem collapse for climate change- The Aral Sea was an endorheic
lake between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It was once considered one of the largest lakes in the
world but has been shrinking since the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted for large-
scale irrigation. By 1997, it had declined to 10% of its original size, splitting into much smaller
hypersaline lakes, while dried areas have transformed into desert steppes.

Biodiversity loss:

Biodiversity is the diversity of life on earth that is essential to the proper functioning of the
ecosystem. The loss of habitat and destruction of biodiversity due to the overpopulation and
unsustainable consumption systems are considered to be the main causes of Biodiversity loss
which is now happening a lot faster than it was in the past decades.

During the last 50 years, biodiversity has declined with a severe impact on human
health, society, and sustainable development. The functioning of the ecosystem depends on
biodiversity, provide the fundamental necessities of life (e.g., food, clean water, and air),

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provide protection from natural disasters and disease (e.g., by regulating climate, floods, and
pests), and shape human civilizations. Ecosystems also support and manage life processes such
as the production of biomass and nutrient cycling which are essential for our survival. The loss
of biodiversity disturbs the proper functioning of ecosystems which makes them more
endangered for the species and less able to provide humans with basic services. The impacts
are usually the worst on the rural poor, who mostly depend on the services of the ecosystem
for their livelihoods, and biodiversity loss creates a significant barrier to meeting the goals of
Millennium development.

Freshwater loss:

Our planet is composed of almost 70% of water. However, the water we use for drinking,
bathing, and irrigating our lands is termed as freshwater. Only 3% of the whole world’s water is
clean or freshwater which indicates that freshwater is incredibly rare.

Unlike the other resources we use, we cannot produce more water to meet our
various purposes. The major portion of water on earth is not freshwater that is essential for
most human needs. The balance between the number of people and the amount of available
freshwater is not that strong. The exact quantity of water usually available or consumed does
not capture the full challenges of water demands. The quality of the available freshwater is far
too less than sufficient. It is often reported that about 1.1 billion people around the globe do
not have access to clean drinking water. In the case of proper sanitation, almost 2.4-3.0 billion
people lack access to clean water. In developing countries, almost 90- 95% of sewage and 70%
of untreated industrial wastes are dumped into surface waters where they pollute the viable
water supply. On the other hand urbanizations and overpopulation also causes serious loss of
freshwater. The water demand keeps increasing and with that pollution starts increasing which
ultimately creates a shortage of fresh water.

Sea level rise and Coastal submersion:

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Global warming and climate change are a serious issue in today’s world whose some of the
visible consequences are increased temperature, imbalanced weather conditions, melting of
the ice sheets, sea level rising, etc. The impacts of Global warming are not only limited to a
certain region rather it is experienced by every other country.

Coastal dangers have long been present and are gradually evolving due to a
variety of different reasons such as the long-term threat of climate change, including sea-level
rise which adds a new dimension to these problems. It is estimated that globally, sea levels
could rise more than 1m this century, but the regional rate of sea-level rise could be much
greater than this because of settling or other factors that lower the land surface. This is
important as there are a large number of population living in these subsiding areas
(study.com,2020). Over the course of the 21st century, global sea levels have been observed to
rise between about 2 and 7 feet, and possibly even more. The Climate center introduced a new
digital elevation model that helps in this aspect. From that model, it is seen that many of the
world’s coastal regions are far lower than it has been usually known and that sea-level rise
could affect hundreds of millions of more people in the upcoming years than previously
understood.

Human migration and conflict :

There are currently 644 million forced migrants in the world fleeing climate change. Understanding the
nexus of climate change-migration will play a helpful role in addressing our current climate emergency.
Although there has always been an interdependence between human migration and climate, global
warming, extreme weather, sea-level rise and the instability it brings has added a layer (Environmental
Migrants: Up to 1 Billion by 2050 - Foresight, 2020). Climate change is now gradually bringing about both
massive environmental changes and sudden natural disasters and both of these are affecting the nature
and extent of human migration in various ways. For example, sudden natural disasters are likely to
cause widespread displacement, but victims are often unable to return to their homes. On the other

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hand, deserts, such as events such as declining soil fertility, coastal erosion, and rising sea levels, lead to
slow-onset disasters and gradual environmental degradation, which may be more directly linked to
climate change and which induces long-term migration. Both occur due to climate change and both
require different adaptation and mitigation strategies. Often a variety of factors, such as population
growth, poverty, governance, human security, and conflict, are linked to climate change. Because of
this, it is difficult to estimate the number of environmental migrants worldwide, but the UN
International Organization for Migration estimates that by 2050, there may be between 250 million and
1 billion environmental migrants, either permanently or temporarily, within their country or across their
borders, with a maximum of 200 million.

Crop failure and farmland loss:

One of the major problems in agriculture is the depletion of the variety of crops produced, the depletion
of agricultural land because as more land is being lost, it is becoming more difficult to produce enough
food to feed the growing human population. Degradation due to erosion and becoming unused, it is
only when soil components are moved from one place to another by wind or water that global warming
is responsible. An additional four million hectares are lost each year when these agricultural lands are
used for highways, housing, factories and other urban needs. In addition, a study found that in the
United States, about 140 million hectares of farmland have been lost in the last 30 years as a result of
soil erosion and conversion to urban use. If land is lost in this way, people may have more difficulty in
getting production. Moreover, in the early years of agriculture, farmers grew a variety of crops. Since
the development of industrialized agriculture, the number of different types of crops and livestock has
decreased. Because soil fertility has decreased. Earlier it was seen that farmers used to grow different
types of crops on the same land. But at present the amount of cultivable land is decreasing Due to
climate change, we have lost the seasonal variability and due to which the crop production has
decreased. Soil fertility has declined and crop yields have been disrupted by various natural disasters.
And if this continues, agricultural land and crops will be further reduced in the future.

Direct physical harm to a human:

Climate change has brought about irreversible changes in the earth's geological, biological, and
ecological systems. Due to which the health of the people is now at risk. And these climate changes are
causing extreme environmental hazards to human health, such as extreme weather, increased risk of
wildfires, depletion of ozone, depletion of biodiversity, emphasis on food production systems, and the

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global spread of infectious diseases. Also, more than 150,000 deaths a year are caused by climate
change. Most of the adverse effects of climate change are experienced and suffered by poor and low-
income communities around the world, who have a high degree of vulnerability to environmental
determinants for health, wealth and other factors, and the presence of very low levels of austerity. A
2009 report by the Global Humanitarian Forum on the Global Humanitarian Impact on Climate Change
estimated that more than 300,000 people die each year and about 122 billion in economic losses,
indicating that most of the adverse effects of climate change are on poor and low-income people. Those
who have a higher degree of environmental assessment for health, resources, and other factors and
experience a much lower level of saving for environmental change are experienced by them. A report
on the global humanitarian impact of climate change, published by the Global Humanitarian Forum in
2009, estimates that more than 300,000 people die each year and about 125 billion in economic losses,
indicating that developing countries are responsible for climate change. The effects of climate change on
human health:

 skin cancer, cataracts, and immune suppression.

 Heat stress.
 Non-vector-borne infectious diseases.
 Vector-borne infectious diseases.
 Food production and nutritional health.
 Air pollution and allergens.
 Weather disasters and rising sea level, and
 Social and demographic dislocations.

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In Bangladesh climate change:

According to National Geographic, Bangladesh is one of the foremost helpless countries to the
impacts of climate alter. Bangladesh being found on the Tropic of Cancer gets fairly direct
radiation all through the year and keeps up the generally tall temperature.

The main impacts of climate change in Bangladesh are-

 Sea Level Rise (SLR)

 Floods
 Riverbank erosion
 Drought
 Salinity intrusion
 Loss of homestead and livelihoods
 Pest invasion
 Land scarcity
 Seasonal Migration/Climate Migration

Low-lying coastal regions, such as Bangladesh, are vulnerable to sea-level rise and the increased
occurrence of intense, extreme weather conditions such as the cyclones of 2007–2009, as well
as the melting of polar ice (Ahmad, 2020). Every year Bangladesh has about 2-3 cyclones. The
flood hazard is due to its geography the country is one huge delta. Each year in Bangladesh
about 26,000 square kilometers (10,000 sq. mi) (around 18% of the country) is flooded, killing
over 5,000 people and destroying more than seven million homes (Floods in Bangladesh, 2020).
Flood Categories are Flash flood, River flood, Rainfall flood, Cyclonic flood. 1 m rise in sea level
would submerge a full 18% of the total land area in Bangladesh. Research showed that deeply
flooded areas (depth above 100 cm, duration more than 9 months) would increase by 29%

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(from the base year 2000) due to 88 cm. The total amount of salinity affected land in
Bangladesh was 83.3 million hectares in 1973, which had been increased up to 102 million
hectares in 2000 and the amount has raised to 105.6 million hectares in 2009 and continuing to
increase (Climate change in Bangladesh, 2020). Coastal flooding is a common problem. Because of
these things we are losing freshwaters too. About 25% of the country suffer water stress in the
dry season because of drought. Western and northwestern districts of the country are most
affected by it. Salinity intrusion increased by 30 % from 1973 to 2017. Farmers are extremely
challenged with salinity. After Cyclone Aila (2009), many farmers couldn’t cultivate rice properly
for two consecutive years. Farmers have faced crop failure and farmland loss. So we can say
climate change is affecting our agriculture a lot too. For a huge climate change, our ecosystem
is collapsing.

Natural disasters such as cyclone, storm surge, floods, and drought will be more frequent and
intense in the future. The climate vulnerability will be enhanced in the coastal region of
Bangladesh due to geographic settings, dense population, and poverty. the central and western
part of coastal areas is more vulnerable because the western part mostly covered Sundarbans
but it is low lying land areas, another central part is the more dynamic part of the coastal zone
of Bangladesh.

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Case study about flood effected people in Bangladesh :

Severe flooding occurs every 4 to 5 years in Bangladesh and covers more than 60% of the
country. Impacts of flood hazards are too many. Flood-hit peoples hardly pass their livelihood.
Epidemic spread of disease, sea level rise, water inundation, loss of biodiversity, destroyed
transport and communication network, increase in water surges, the intrusion of salt water is
the most harmful impacts of floods. If we look over the previous years we can see how the
flood has become a regular disaster for us. In 1954, floods affected 55% of the country where it
raised to 58% in 1974 and the death number was over 2000 (Our Correspondent, 2020).

In 1984 floods inundated 52,520 km2 where it was 50000km2 in 1987. The Flood of 1988
inundated 61% of the country, caused more than 45 million homeless and the death number
was about 6500 .1998 floods inundated nearly 100000 km2 rendered 30 million people
homeless where the inundation was 38% in 2004 floods, affected people was nearly 3.8 million.
In 2007 the inundation percentage raised to 42%.In 2015 ,floods inundated 47,200 km 2 .And
now the monsoon floods of the year 2020 has an overall impact on the northern, South –
eastern, north –eastern region of Bangladesh (Our Correspondent, 2020). News shows that
11,14,508 families of 33 districts of the country have become marooned, while 43 have died
due to the devastating floods so far. If I talk about my home district Sirajganj, Flood effected
peoples of there are not even getting any rest from their sufferings though water has started
receding from Saturday. In the meantime, the water level of the jamuna river is rising again.
And that’s why from the last week many new areas in six Upazila of Sirajganj have been
flooded. Sub-divisional engineer of Sirajganj water development Board AKM Rafiqul Islam said,”
Floodwater in the river was still flowing above the danger level at different part “. he said, “
Although the water in the river is receding, the flood situation still unchanged “. In this
situation, 2.36 lakh people in 47,217 families have been marooned of the Upazilas (Our
Correspondent, 2020).

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The flood-affected people are suffering due to a sufficient supply of food, pure drinking water,
and shelter. Kahinur begum and Jamie ran begum from Betilchar, Shirajganj’s Chowkhali Upazila
said that they are facing the waterlogging problem from the last month and their house
remains underwater. Adding that they are having only dry food. Villagers are suffering a lot as
their house remains under floodwater and they are not even getting relief properly. Md Anwer
Hossain, a villager of the Betilchar area said,” We hardly get relief from anyone .we are now
struggling to survive in the flooding area .” Other villagers of several areas also complain that
they don’t get proper relief from the government and Private organisms. As Bangladesh is a
riverine country so many people earn their livelihood by engaging fishing.

So it’s a tough time for them due to floods. Again, many villagers earn their livelihood by
farming as well as. Flood has snatched the shelter of these poor people and their cattle as well
as. According to the district relief and rehabilitation office, 53 km of road and embankment
have been damaged here because of the flood. At least 35 educational institutions and 14,000
hectors of croplands are under floodwater at present. Not only Sirajganj but also many other
districts are also facing the same problem. As of 22 July 2020, 102 Upazila and 654 unions have
been inundated in flood. Flood-affected people are almost 3.3 million. About 7,31,938 people
have been waterlogged. This flood affected peoples are the worst sufferer now. They have to
deal with nature without food and shelter.

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Suggestion to make the environment sustainable
Environmental science helps us to find ways to live more sustainably, by this we can learn the
proper use of resources that we can reuse it in the future in another way. Environmental
sustainability is not about living without luxuries but rather being aware of your present
resources and decrease its' waste. We can sustainably enjoy a luxurious life as well. Every day
we are reducing our resources, but by following some basic ideas we can make it possible.

Proper use of household energy :

Energy conservation is a source of energy itself. Here we have discussed several simple ways to
reduce your household energy use:

 After you are done with using, turn off appliances and lights.

 Install energy-efficient appliances will be a good idea.

 Using a programmable thermostat that lowers or raises the temperature when you
need it.

 In the winter set your thermostat lower than usual.

 The opening window will not be a bad decision instead of turning on the air condition.

 Instead of using a dryer, hang clothes on air.

 Instead of a stovetop kettle to boil water, use electronic tea cattle.

Eating local food:

Nothing can beat eating local food for being sustainable. Chemical-free, fresh food is much
healthier than other foods. The convenience of supermarkets has changed people’s thoughts
about food. Nowadays it is easier for us a get non Seasonal fruits and vegetables.

Dispose of with disposables:

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In the past, people didn’t dream of single-use razors, forks, cups, bags, and food storage
containers, but nowadays we use a plastic version of almost everything and then throw that
and make it an environmental thread for our next generation. As we all know many of the
environmental issues today have created trash. So it became harder to dispose of trashes.
Sometimes it releases harmful gas to the environment what make our air polluted. Before
purchasing everything we have to make sure that, it is environment friendly or not.

Drinking water from the tap :

People are no longer in trust with tap water. They found bottled water safer than tap water.
They are wasting tons of plastic bottle every day. Yes, there are some ways to make these
worthy by reusing it.

Rely less on your car :

Using fossil fuels is no longer sustainable. We are using cars and bikes more than we need.

Purchase fair-trade products :

When you purchase items that are imported from all over the world, particularly coffee, cocoa,
sugar, tea, chocolate, and fruit This designation tells you that these items were grown using
sustainable methods of agriculture.

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Conclusion:
Therefore, we could see the impact of climate change in Bangladesh and around the world is beyond
description. Every year we face so many natural disasters induced by climate change. For example, we
can cite coastal regions of Bangladesh is often hit by a huge cyclone and tidal surge, salty seawater
stagnation turns life there unbearable. People are the victim of disease, hunger, and homelessness.
Indeed, we see in Bangladesh millions of people are rushing towards cities and urban areas in search of
a better life from the coastal regions. We also could see river erosion and huge damage of crop plants by
floods and mountain flush making millions of people’s life vulnerable too. Besides, because of climate
change, our ecosystem has been affected seriously that results in a huge habitat loss, biodiversity loss,
freshwater loss, and the rise of the sea level, and these are becoming major problems for our global
society as well as Bangladesh. so, we should take the necessary steps and implement measures to
reduce the impact and losses regarding climate change in Bangladesh, as a man what we can do is to
reduce carbon emission which is the major culprit of climate change. Besides, we must be careful about
the disposal of nuclear wastage, industrial pollutants, and even household waste. And at the same time,
we have to think of alternative energy resources, we mean renewable energy sources, windmill, solar
plant, bio-energy, geothermal energy, hydroelectricity, and oceanic energy which are environment
friendly. Besides, recycling, reusing and afforestation can help us a lot because these are green going
movement which demands whole world leaders should work hand in hand. But it is a matter of sorrow
that because of political issues and development perspective the world leaders, who lead the developed
countries are selfishly concerned about their own not the others who are the worst sufferers of climate
change, but those developing countries, the environmentalist consider them to be responsible for
billions of tons carbon emissions. So, the group of G-8 countries should be sympathetic to climate
change issues otherwise human civilization could be facing a dangerous catastrophe. To speak the truth
as a low-lying country Bangladesh is facing and could be facing serious natural hazards.

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References
1. Our Correspondent, P., 2020. No Respite For Flood-Affected People In Sirajganj. [online] The Daily Star.
Available at: <https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/no-respite-flood-affected-people-sirajganj-
1933553#:~:text=Flood%2Daffected%20people%20are%20not,pure%20drinking%20water%20and
%20shelter> [Accessed 30 September 2020].

2. Study.com. 2020. [online] Available at: <https://study.com/academy/lesson/problems-in-agriculture-

loss-of-land-decreased-varieties-smaller-crop-yields.html> [Accessed 30 September 2020].

3. Foresight. 2020. Environmental Migrants: Up To 1 Billion By 2050 - Foresight. [online] Available at:
<https://www.climateforesight.eu/migrations-inequalities/environmental-migrants-up-to-1-> [Accessed
30 September 2020].

4. Ahmad, H., 2020. Bangladesh Coastal Zone Management Status And Future Trends. [online]
Longdom.org. Available at: <https://www.longdom.org/open-access/bangladesh-coastal-zone-
management-status-and-future-trends-18228.html> [Accessed 30 September 2020].

5. En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Climate Change In Bangladesh. [online] Available at:

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_Bangladesh> [Accessed 30 September 2020].

6. En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Floods In Bangladesh. [online] Available at:

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods_in_Bangladesh> [Accessed 30 September 2020].

7. Lerner, A. and St. Pierre, C., 2009. Climate Change. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press.

Name ID Work part

25 | P a g e
 Points: How human affects the
environment, executive
summary.
Md. Mainur Rahman Rudra
2011720630 Came up with the point names
( group leader)
and edits the whole report,
Makes the PowerPoint slides,

Point: global perspective on

Shibly Sadik 2011402630
climate change
Point: suggestion to make the
environment sustainable...
Kazi Tanjila Alam 2011588630
brainstorming about
suggestions
Point: in Bangladesh climate
Aspia Jahan 2011690630 change, collect data from
internet
Point: global perspective on
Md. Al Zubair Srabon 2011705630
climate change
Point: global perspective on
Arafat Zaman Talat 2011139625
climate change
Point: concept of climate
Rezwan Abdul Malek 2011777630
change
Ahmed Shehol Samith 2011965630 Point: introduction
Tanvir Alam Tamim 2011977630 Point: conclusion
Point: case study of flood
Sanjida Islam Lamia 2012070630 victims of Bangladesh, collect
data from internet

26 | P a g e