COMPUTER

OVERVIEW
Q.1. Differentiate Hardware and software.

Hardware
• Hardware are the
components that can be
seen and touched.
• Eg monitor, keyboard,
computer data storage,
graphic card, sound card,
motherboard, and so on, all
of which are tangible
objects etc.
Software
• Software refers to the set of
programs that govern the
operation of a computer
system.
• Eg software programes etc
 Q.2. WHAT IS COMPUTER
???
A Computer is an electronic device which converts
raw data into meaningful information.
 Q.3. Explain the functional
components of computers OR
block diagram of computers.
Central Processing unit

Arithmetic Logic unit

Output
Input unit Control unit unit

Memory unit

Secondary Storage devices

 INPUT UNIT
It is used to feed the data in the computers
and it converts HLL into MLL.

Examples of input devices

keyboards,
mouse,
scanners,
digital cameras
 joysticks
 OUTPUT UNIT
Output unit converts MLL
into HLL. It is used to
display the results or
information .

Examples include
 monitors,
 projectors,
 speakers,
 headphones and
 printers.
 CPU
 It is called Central Processing Unit . It is the brain of
the computer. It process the data given to the
computer

 The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a

piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of
a computer program.
 PARTS OF C.P.U.
C.P.U is further divided into three parts .
1 A.L.U.
It is called Arithmetic and logical unit . It controls all the mathematical and
logical operations.
2 C.U.
It is also Control Unit. It controls the flow of data .
3 M.U.
It is also called Memory unit. It stores the data .

Data is entered through the input devices which converts into Machine
language . Control unit gives the command to whole system to transfer
data from input unit to CPU. Once the data is transferred into CPU, it
gets processed by A.L.U. and stores in the memory unit. Again control
unit gives command to the system to transfer data from C.P.U to output
unit. Then information in Low level language transfers from C.P.U. to
output unit .Which will be converted into HLL by output devices before
displayimng or printing.
 Q.4. Differentitate between primary
storage and secondary storage.
Primary Storage Secondary Storage

1 It is also called main 1 It is present inside

memory. It is present and out side of the
computer .
inside the computer .
2 Its examples are pen
2 It is further divided in drives , memory card
R.A.M. and R.O.M. , etc. .
 Q.5. Write difference between R.A.M.
AND R.O.M.
R.A.M.
1 It is called Random Access
Memory .
2 Whatever we type in
computers it goes to R.A.M. .
3 Its readable and writable .
4 If there’s a power failure ,
everything will vanish .
R.O.M.
1 It is called Read Only Memory
2 Instructions that are given by
computer’s manufacturers .
3 Its readable only .
4 Instructions given to it are ;
1 RAM testing ;
2 all the devices are attached or
not ;
3 demands for operating system .
Q.6. Explain briefly different
types of languages.
1 LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE

2 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

3 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE

 MACHINE LANGUAGE
 Machine Language is the only language that
is directly understood by the computer.
 It does not need any translator program.
 it is written as strings of 1's (one) and 0’s (zero).
For example, a program instruction may look like
this: 1011000111101
It is not an easy language for you to learn because
of its difficult to understand. It is efficient for the
computer but very inefficient for programmers. It is
considered to the first generation language.
 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
 High level languages are simple languages that use
English and mathematical symbols like +, -, %, / for its
program construction.

 High level language has to be converted to machine

language for the computer to understand.

 High level languages are problem-oriented

languages because the instructions are suitable for solving a
particular problem.

FOR EXAMPLE- PYTHON, JAVA, HTML,AND C++ ARE HLL LANGUAGE