05

PRINCIPLES OF
INHERITANCE AND
VARIATION
By: Dr. Anand Mani
IMPORTANT TERMS

MENDEL'S LAWS OF inheritance

 parent fnageny
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STEPS IN MAKING A CROSS (deliberate MATING) IN PEA

TT tt
inheritance OF ONE GENE
Monohybrid cross

Monohybrid phenotypic ratio:

 Monohybrid genotypic ratio:

T d
T d

tt

backcross and testcross

unknown

genotype
MENDEL'S principles or laws OF inheritance
1) first law (Law of dominance)

2) second law (Law of segregation) Tt

Inheritance of two genes seed shape

seed colour
 3) Third law (Law of independent assortment)
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the concept of dominance

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other patterns of inheritance

(non mendelian inheritance)

1) incomplete dominance
2) co-dominance
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3) multiple allelism

4) polygenic inheritance

human skin colour

5) pleitropy

starch synthesis in pea plant

Chromosomal theory of inheritance

Chromosomal theory of inheritance (1902)
gametogenesis

linkage and recombination

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sex determination
mechanism of sex determination

sex determination in humans ( xx-yy type)

sex determination in honeybee

mutation and genetic disorders
mutation

α β γ

pedigree analysis

symbols used in pedigree

analysis
genetic disorders

1) mendelian disorders

Haemophilia (royal disease)

colour blindness
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sickle-cell anaemia

β
phenylketonuria

thalassemia
a b

a b

2) chromosomal disorders
Examples of chromosomal disorders
down's syndrome

features
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klinefelter's syndrome

features
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turner's syndrome

features