1|Page MR.H.S.

DHAYAN SILVA

DLS CHEMISTRY

8TH YEARS

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01.Kjyhk; $w;W:-VjhtJ nghUspd; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siw ∆H0f mNj ntg;gepiyapy; me;jg; nghUspd;
epak ntg;gTs;Siwf;Fr; rkd; vd vLf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,uz;lhk; $w;W:-vy;yh %yfq;fspd; ntg;gTs;Siwg; ngWkhdq;fs; epak epge;jidfspd; fPo;
G+r;rpaj;jpw;Fr; rkd; vd vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. (2000/41)
02.Kjyhk; $w;W:-vy;yh %yfq;fspdJk; epak Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw G+r;rpakhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ
,uz;lhk; $w;W:-%yfq;fs; ,urhaduPjpahf ,izf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; ,y;yhjgbapdhy; mtw;wpDila
Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siwfs; G+r;rpaj;jpw;Fr; rkd;. (2006/56)
03.Kjyhk; $w;W:-ahjhapDnkhU Nru;itapd; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siw mr;Nru;itapd; epakj; jfd
ntg;gTs;Siwf;Fr; rkk;.
,uz;lhk; $w;W:-ahjhapDnkhU %yfj;jpd; kpfTk; cWjpahd epiyapy; mjd; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siw
G+r;rpakhFk;. (2010/55)
04.CS2(l)+3O2(g)→CO2 + 2SO2(g) ∆H= -1108 kj vd;W jug;gl;Ls;sJ.,f; $w;W Fwpg;gpLtJ
1. miw ntg;gepiyapy; ,j;jhf;fj;ijr; nra;ayhk;.
2. ,j;jhf;fk; mfntg;gj; jhf;fkhFk;.
3. kpif xl;rprdpy; xU %y; CS2 vupf;fg;gLk;NghJ 1108kj rf;jp cwpQ;rg;gLk;.
4. ,j;jhf;fk; eilngWifapy; ,f;fyitapYs;s CS2 jtpu;e;j Vida vy;yhf; $WfSk; thA
epiyapypUf;Fk;.
5. NkYs;s vJTky;y. (1985/15)
05.Nkw;gb tpdhtpYs;s jhf;fj;Jf;Fupa ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; rpy Ntisfspy; ∆H𝜃 vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;.
,J czu;j;JtJ ahnjdpy;
1. vy;yhj; jhf;fpfSk; tpisnghUl;fSk; kpfj; J}a cUtpy; vLf;fg;gl;lit.
2. vy;yhj; jhf;fpfSk; tpisnghUl;fSk; mtw;wpd; epak epiyfspy; vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; epiy
epWj;jg;gl;Ls;sit.
3. ,j;jhf;fk; Muk;gpf;f Kd;du; vy;yhf;$WfSk; thA epiyf;F nfhz;Ltug;gLk;.
4. ,j;jhf;fj;jpw;F Kjy; cs;s vy;yhj; jhf;fpfSk; jhf;fj;jpw;F gpd;dUs;s vy;yh tpisnghUs;fSk;
mtw;wpd; epak epiyfspYs;sd.
5. vy;yhj; jhf;fpfSk; tpisnghUs;fSk; vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; 273K ,y; jhf;f itf;fg;gl;ld.
(1986/16)
06.rpy ntg;g ,urhadj; juTfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.
H2O(l) ,d; epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;gk; =a kj mol-1
fpwigw;wpd; epakj; jfd ntg;gTs;Siw = b kj mol-1
gpA+w; - 1- <d; C4H8(g) ,d; epakj; jfd ntg;gTs;Siw = c kj mol-1
gpA+w; - 1 -<d; C4H8(g) ,d; epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw?
1.2a+4b-c 2. 4a-b+c 3. a+4b-c 4. 4(a+b)-c 5. 2(a+b)+c (1981Ap/54)
07. CO2, CO Mfpatw;wpd; epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siwfs; KiwNa – 393.5 ck; -110.5kj mol-1 ck;
MFk;. 2CO+O2→2CO2 vDk; jhf;fj;jpd; ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ?
1. -283kj 2. -504kj 3.-172kj 4. -566kj 5.Nkw;$wpatw;wpy; vitAky;y.
(1982/56)
08.CO2(g), H2O (l) CH3OH(l) vd;gitfspd; epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw KiwNa -393.5, -285.9,-239.3 kj
mol-1 MFk;. nkjNdhypd; epakj; jfd ntg;gTs;Siw
1.-363.0kj mol-1 2.-440.1 kj mol-1 3. -553.0 kj mol-1 4. -918.7kj mol-1 5.-726.0kj mol-1 (1983/25)

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09.rpy ntg;g ,urhadj; juTfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

Na2O(S) ,d; Njhd;wy; ntg;gk; a kj mol-1
P2O5(S) ,d; Njhd;wy; ntg;gk; b kj mol-1
NaPO3(S) ,d; Njhd;wy; ntg;gk; c kj mol-1
Na2O(S) + P2O5(S)→2NaPO3(S) vd;Dk; jhf;fj;jpy; ntsptUk; ntg;gk;
1. (c-a-b) kj 2. (2c-a-b) kj 3. (2c-a-b) kj 4. (c+a-b) kj 5. (2c+a+b) kj

(1979/54)10.H2O(l) ,d; epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;g cs;Siw = a kj mol-1

Si(s) ,d; epakj; jfd ntg;gTs;Siw = b kj mol-1
Si2H6(g) ,d; epakj; jfd ntg;gTs;Siw = c kj mol-1
,j;juTfspy; ,Ue;J Si2H6(g) ,d; epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;g cs;Siw
1. 2a+3b-c 2. a+b-c 3. 3a+2b-c 4. a+c-b 5. 2b+c-3a
(1980/12)
11.2C2H6(g)+7O2(g) 4CO2(g)+6H2O(l) ∆Hf𝜃 = -3120 kj
2H2(g)+O2(g) 2H2O(l) ∆Hf𝜃 = -572 kj
C(S)+O2(S) CO2(g) ∆Hf𝜃 = -394 kj
mUNf jug;gl;Ls;s juTfis gad;gLj;jp 2C(S)+3H2(g) C2H6(g) vDk; jhf;fj;jpw;F fzpf;fg;gl;l epak
ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; ∆ H𝜃
1. +25 kj 2. -58 kj 3. +86kj 4. -86 kj 5. -82 kj (2008/24)
12.xU gb ,urhadj;jhf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siwiag; ngwf;$ba Nru;it?
1. CH3COOH 2. CH3CHO 3. CO2 4. H2CO3 5. HCO2H
(1981 Au/15)
13. a. CH3-CH3 b. CH2=CH2 c. CH≡ CH
1.a>b>c 2. b>c>a 3.c>a>b 4.b>a>c 5. NkYs;s vJTkpy;iy
(1986/30)
14.,U ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wq;fs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.
C6H5C≡CH+2H2 → C6H5CH2CH3 ∆H𝜃 = a kj mol-1
C6H5CH = CH2+H2 → C6HH5CH2CH3 ∆H𝜃 = b kj mol-1
C6H5C≡CH+H2 → C6H5CH=CH2 vd;Dk; jhf;fj;jpw;fhd ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; kj mol-1 ,y;
1.(a+b) 2. (a-2b) 3. (2a-b) 4. (b-a) 5. (a-b) (1991Sp/14)
15.Nru;it xd;W cUthFk; NghJ Vw;gLk; ntg;gkhw;wk; jq;fpapUg;gJ.
a. jhf;fj;jpd; NghJ njhFjp mile;j cau; ntg;gepiyapy;
b. Nru;it cUthf;fg;gl;l gbfspd; vz;zpf;ifapy;
c. mstPLfs; nra;ag;gLk; mKf;fj;jpy;
d. cUthd Nru;itapd; ngsjPf epiyapy; (1979/36)

16.250C ,y; thA epiyapyhd mrw;wyPd; ,dJk; jput ngd;rPd; ,dJk; epak jfd ntg;g Ts;Siwfs; (kj
mol-1) KiwNa x,y MFk;. 3C2H2(g) → C6H6(l) vd;w jhf;fj;jpd; epak ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; (kj mol-1) MdJ
1.3(y-x) 2. 3y-x 3. 3x-y 4. y-3x 5. x-3y (2002/31)

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17.xl;rprd;, iejurd; , FNshupd; , epNahd; Mfpatw;wpd; mZf;fSila epakj; Njhd;wy;

ntg;gTs;Siwfspd; ∆Hf𝜃 rupahd tupir
1. Cl<Ne<N<O 2. Cl<N<O<Ne 3. O<Ne<Cl<N 4. O<N<Ne<Cl
5. Ne<Cl<O<N (2005/13)
18.HCl(g)→ H(g) +Cl(g) vd;w jhf;fj;jpw;F ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; ∆ H, 431 kj mol-1 MFk;. HCl(g) ,w;F ,e;j
ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; Fwpg;gpLtjhtJ.
1. mZthf;f ntg;gTs;Siw
2. gpizg;G ntg;gTs;Siw
3. Mtpahf;fs; ntg;gTs;Siw
4. Gjq;fkhjy; ntg;gTs;Siw
5. vjpu;ngWkhdj;Jld; (-) $ba ntg;gTs;Siw (2003/25)
19.gpizg;Gfs; C≡N ,dJk; C-N ,dJk; ruhrupg; gpizg;Gr;rf;jpfs; KiwNa 837 kj mol-1 ck; 347kj mol-1
MFk;. C=N gpidg;gpd; ruhrupgpizg;Gr; rf;jpf;fhd (kj mol-1 ,y;) kpf epahag;gLj;jf;$ba ngWkhdk; MdJ
1. 837-347 2. (837+347)x ½ 3. 837x 2/3 4.347+(837-347) 5. 347x
2
(2006/24)
20.C≡C, C=C Mfpa gpizg;Gfspd; ruhrupg;gpizg;Gr; rf;jpfs; KiwNa 835 kjmol-1 ck; 610 kj mol-1 ck;
MFk;. C-C gpizg;gpd; ruhrupg; gpizg;Gr;rf;jpapd; kpfTk; epahakhd ngWkhdk; kj mol-1 ,y;
1. 835-610 2.835/3 3. 610/2 4.610-(835-610) 5. (835+610)/5
(2004/31)
21.xU Fwpj;j ntg;gepiyapy; thAepiyapYs;s kPnjdpd; gbg;gbahf eilngWk; $l;lg;gpupifFg; gpd;tUk;
epak ntg;gTs;Siwg; ngWkhdq;fs; ∆H0D jug;gl;Ls;sd.
CH4(g)→CH3(g)+H(g) ∆ H0D1=+426kj mol-1
CH3(g)→CH2(g)+H(g) ∆ H0D2=+436kj mol-1
CH2(g)→CH(g)+H(g) ∆ H0D3=+455kj mol-1
CH4(g)→C(g)+H(g) ∆ H0D4=+347kj mol-1
CH4(g) ,d; C-H gpizg;Gf;Fupa ,il epakg; gpizg;Gf; $l;lg;gpupT ntg;gTs;Siwapd; ngWkjp kj mol-1
myfpy;
1. +416 MFk;. 2. +208 MFk;. 3.+862 MFk;. 4.+426 MFk;. 5.-426 MFk;.
(2000/08)
22.Kjyhk; $w;W:-mjd; %yfq;fspd;W NaCl Njhd;wy; xU Gwntg;gj; jhf;fk; MFk;.
,uz;lhk; $w;W:-Na(g)→Na+(g)+e vd;Dk; jhf;fk; rf;jp ntspNaw;wg;glYld; eilngWk;.
(1981Au/48)
23.A vd;Dk; %yfk; rk;ge;jkhd gpd;tUk; ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wq;fspy; vJ A ,d; ,uz;lhk; madhf;fr;
rf;jp khw;wj;ijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ?
1. A(s) →A2+(g)+2e ∆H=v kj mol-1
2. A(g) →A2+(g)+2e ∆H=w kj mol-1
3. A+(g) →A2+(g)+e ∆H=x kj mol-1
4. A+(g) →A2+(g)+e ∆H=y kj mol-1
5. A+(g) →A3+(g)+e ∆H=z kj mol-1 (1980/23)

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24.%yfk; X ,d; %d;whtJ madhf;f rf;jpia Fwpg;gpLk; ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; gpd;tUtd tw;Ws;
vJthFk;.?
1. X(g) → X3+(g)+3e ,y; ∆H
2. X(s) → X3+(g)+3e ,y; ∆H
3. X2+(g) → X3+(g)+e ,y; ∆H
4. X+(g) → X3+(g)+2e ,y; ∆H
5. X3+(g) → X4+(g)+e ,y; ∆H (1981/Ap/25)
25.MgO(s) ,d; epak Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;SiwAld; kpf neUq;fpa njhlu;igf; fhl;Lk; jhf;fj;njhlu;
gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?
1. Mg(s)+1/2 O2(g) →MgO(s)
2. 2Mg(s)+O2(g) →2MgO(s)
3. Mg2+(s)+ O2-(g) →MgO(s)
4. Mg(s)+O(g) →MgO(s)
5. Mg(g)+1/2 O2(g) →MgO(s) (1988/10)
26.gpd;tUk; khw;wq;fspy; vJ kf;dPrpak; GNshiul;bd; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;SiwAld; kpf neUq;fpa
njhlu;igf; nfhz;Ls;sJ?
1. Mg(s)+F2(g) →MgF2(s)
2. Mg2+(g)+2F-(g) →MgF2(s)
3. Mg(s)+1/2F2(g) →MgF(s)
4. Mg(g)+F2(g) →MgF2(s)
5. Mg(g)+1/2F2(g) →MgF(s) (2011new/10)
27.gpd;tUk; ,urhad jhf;fq;fspy; vjd; ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; CaO(S) ,d; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siwia
xj;jJ?
1. Ca2+(g)+O2-(g)→CaO(s)
2. Ca(g)+1/2O2(g)→CaO(s)
3. Ca(s)+O(g)→CaO(s)
4. 2Ca(s)+O2(g)→2CaO(s)
5. Ca(s)+1/2O2(g)→CaO(s) (2011new/10)
28.Ie;J rf;jpf; fhuzpfSk; Ie;J KiwfSk; Nrhbfshff; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. vr; Nrhbapy; jug;gl;l Kiw
rk;ge;jg;gl;l rf;jpf; fhuzpia rupahf tpsf;fpf; $wtpy;iy.
rf;jpf; fhuzp Kiw
1. 298K ,y; CH3OH(l) ,d; epak jfd 2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)→2CO2(g)+H2O(g)
ntg;gTs;Siw
2. KCl(s) ,d; rhyrf;jp K+(g)+Cl-(g)→KCl(s)
3. Ijurdpd; en ehl;lrf;jp H(g)+e→H-(g)
4. Mg ,d; ,uz;lhtJ madhf;fy; Mg+(g)→Mg2+(g)+e
ntg;gTs;Siw
5. NH4+(g) ,d; epak Njhd;wy; ntg;g NH3(g)+H+(g)→NH4+(g)
Ts;Siw (2007/36)
29.AlCl3 ,d; rhyf rf;jpia fzpg;gjw;F gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vit/vJ Njitg;gLfpd;wd/Njitg;gLfpd;wJ?
a. Al, ,d; l2 b. Al, ,d; l1 c. Cl2, ,d; gjq;fkhjy; rf;jp d. Cl, ,d; l1
. (1996/39)

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30.gpd;tUk; vJ AB vd;Dk; mad; Nru;itapd; rhyfr; rf;jp khw;wj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ?

1. A(g)+B(g) →A+B-(s) ∆H=v kj mol-1
2. A+(g)+B-(g) →A+B-(s) ∆H=w kj mol-1
3. A+(g)+B-(g) →A-B(s) ∆H=x kj mol-1
4. A(s)+1/2B2(g) →A+B-(s) ∆H=y kj mol-1
5. A(s)+1/2B2(g) →AB-(s) ∆H=x kj mol-1 (1980/07)
31.gpd;tUk; khw;wq;fspy; Vj NaCl ,d; rhyf rf;jpAld; kpf neUq;fpa njhlu;ig cilaJ?
1.Na(s)+1/2 Cl2(g) → NaCl(g) 2. Na(s)+1/2Cl2(g)→Na+Cl-(s)
3.Na(g)+Cl(g) →Na+Cl-(g) 4.Na+(g)+Cl-(g) →Na+Cl-(s)
5.Na+(g)+ →Na+Cl-(g) (1995/02)
32.gpd;tUk; Kiwfspy; vJ/vit mfntg;gj;jpw;FupaJ
a. Na(g)→Na+(g)+e b.Cl(g)+e →Cl-(g) c.Na+(g)+Cl-(g)→Na+Cl-(s) d.Cl2(g) →2Cl(g)
(2003/43)
33.gpd;tUk; epfo;Tfspy; vJ/ vit mfntg;gj;jhf;fk; /mfntg;gj;jhf;fq;fs; MFk;?
a) Na+(g)+Cl-(g) →Na+Cl-(s)
b) Cl(g)+e →Cl-(g)
c) Na(g) →Na+(g)+e
d) Cl2(g) →2Cl(g) (2000/15)
34.nrad;Kiw S(g)+2e →S2-(g) ,w;F ∆H𝜃=+ 95kj mol-1
nrad;Kiw S-(g)+e →S2-(g),w;F ∆H𝜃=+ 143 kj mol-1
NkNyAs;s juTfSf;Nfw;g fe;jfj;jpd; ,yj;jpud; ehl;lk; vt;tsT? Kj mol-1 ,y;
1. +48 2. -48 3.. +96 4. -96 5. -238 (1995/17)
35.O(g)+e →O-(g) ; ∆ H=-142 kj mol-1
O(g)+2e →O (g)
-2
; ∆ H𝜃=+702 kj mol-1
thA mad; ,dk; O- MdJ ,yj;jpud; xd;iw ngw;W thA mad; ,dk; O2- MFk; NghJ cz;lhFk; rf;jp
khw;wk; kj mol-1 ,y;.
1. +844 2. -844 3. +560 4. -560 5.+986 (1993/52)
36.ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wq;fs; ,uz;L fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.
S(g)+e →S-(g) ∆𝐻 𝜃=- 206.6 kj mol-1
S(g)+2e →S2-(g) ∆𝐻 𝜃=+ 335.2 kj mol-1
gpd;tUk; jhf;fj;jpd; ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wj;jpd; ngWkhdk; vd;d? S-(g)+e →S2-(g)
1.+128.6 kj mol-1 2. +541.8kj mol-1 3. -128.6 kj mol-1 4. -541.8 kj mol-1
5. +270.9 kj mol-1 (1990/14)
37.fUJNfhl; Nru;it KF2 ,d; cWjpg;ghL gw;wp gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ/ vit Kf;fpakhdJ /
Kf;fpakhdit?
a. K ,d; l1 b. K ,d; l2 c. CaF2 ,d; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siw d.KCl ,d; rhyf rf;jp
(1993/35)

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38. NaCl2 vDk; fw;gid Nru;itapd; cWjp epiyiar; Nrhjpg;gjw;fhf gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ/ vit
Njitg;gLk;?
a. Na ,d; l2 b.NaCl ,d; rhyfr; rf;jp c. MgCl2 ,d; epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw
d. MgCl2 ,d; rhyfr; rf;jp (1988/38)
39.KBr2 vDk; fUJNfhl; Nru;itapd; cWjpg;ghl;il Muha;tjw;F gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ mtrpakd;W.
1.K ,d; l1 2.K ,d;l2 3.KBr ,d; rhyfr; rf;jp 4.Br2 $l;lw;gpupTr; rf;jp
5.NkYs;s ahTk; mtrpak; (1992 Sp/52)
40.CaF vDk; fUJNfhl; Nru;itapd; rhyfrf;jpia fzpg;gjw;f;F?
1.Ca ,d; l2 mtrpak; 2.Ca ,d; l1 mtrpak; 3.F,d; l1 mtrpak;
4. F(g)+2e →F2(g) vDk; nrad;Kiw njhlu;ghd epak ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; mtrpak;
5.NkNyAs;s vJTk; mtrpakd;W (1997/11)
41.NaCl2 vDk; fUJNfhl; mad; Nru;itapd; rhyfrf;jp gw;wpa fpl;ba fUj;Jg; ngWk; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf.
1. Na ,d; l1 mtrpak;.
2. Na ,d; l2 mtrpak;.
3. Cl2(g)+e →Cl2-(g) vDk; nrad;Kiw njhlu;ghd epak ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; mtrpak;.
4. Cl(g)+2e →Cl2-(g) vDk; nrad;Kiw njhlu;ghd epak ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; mtrpak;.
5. NkNyAs;s vJTk; mtrpakpy;iy. (1998/29)
42.BaF vDk; fUJNfhl; Nru;itapd; rhyf rf;jpf;F mz;zsTg; ngWkhdk; xd;iw ngWtjw;f;F.
1. Ba ,d; l3 mtrpakhFk;. 2.Ba(g) ,d; lz mtrpakhFk;.
3.F ,d; l1 mtrpakhFk;. 4.F(g) ,d; l2 mtrpakhFk;.
5.NkYs;s xd;Wk; mtrpakpy;iy. (1999/03)
43.gpd;tUk; ntg;gtpurhadj; juTfs; kj mol-1 myfpy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
Agl(s) ,d; rhyf ntg;gTs;Siw =-876
Ag+(g) ,d; epak ePNuw;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw =-464
l-(g) ,d; epak ePNuw;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw =-293
Agl(s)+aq →Agl(aq)
1. +238 2. +119 3. -119 4. -1633 5.+1633 (2002/23)
44.mrw;wpf;fkpyKk; ePu; Nru; mNkhdpah fiuriyAk; rk%yu; tpfpjrkkhf fyf;Fk; nghOJ jhf;fj;jpd;
ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk;.
a.vjpuhdJ b. NeuhdJ c. ePupd; epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siwf;Fr; rkd;
d.jhf;fpfspd; nrwptpy; jq;fpAs;sJ. (1983/35)
45.gpd;tUk; fyitfspy; xt;nthd;wpd; 25.0cm3 If; fyf;Fk;NfhJ vJ mjpf ntg;gj;ij ntsptpLk;?
1. 2.0 mol dm-3 NaOH ck; 1.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 ck;
2. 2.0 mol dm-3 NaOH ck; 2.0 mol dm-3CH3 COOH ck;
3. 1.0 mol dm-3 Ba(OH)2 ck; 1.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 ck;
4. 2.0 mol dm-3 NH4 OH ck; 1.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 ck;
5. 2.0 mol dm-3 NaOH ck; 1.0 mol dm-2 xl;rypf;fkpyKk; ck; (2003/16)

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46.gpd;tUk; ePu;f;fiury;fspy; xt;nthd;wpd; 25.0cm3 I xd;Wld; xd;W fyf;Fk; NghJ ntspNawpa

ntg;gj;jpd; msT fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ. rupahdJ?
1.∆H1>.∆H2>.∆H3>.∆H4 2. .∆H4=.∆H3=.∆H2=.∆H1 3. .∆H1=.∆H4>.∆H3>.∆H2
4. .∆H1=.∆H4>.∆H2>.∆H3 5. .∆H4>.∆H1>.∆H2>.∆H3 (2009/20)
O.1MHCl+O.1M NaOH=.∆H1 O.1MCH3COOH+O.1MNH4OH=.∆H3
O.1MHCl+O.1MNH4OH=.∆H2 O.05MH2SO4+O.05MBa(OH)2=.∆H4
47.%d;W ntt;NtW epiyfspYs;s xl;rprd; Ijurd; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J ePuhtp cUthjypd; %yu;
ntg;gTs;Siwfs; fPNo Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.
H2(g)+O(g) →H2O(g) .∆H1
H2(g)+1/2O2(g) →H2O(g) .∆H2
2H(g)+O(g) →H2O(g) .∆H3
H1,H2,H3 Mfpatw;Wf;fpilapYs;s njhu;G
1. .∆H3>.∆H1> ∆H2 2. ∆H2> ∆H1>∆H3 3. ∆H3>∆H2> ∆H1 4. ∆H1> ∆H2>∆H3
5. ∆H2> ∆H3> ∆H1> (1986/14)
48.gpd;tUk; %d;W jhf;fq;fSf;fhd ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wq;fisf; fUJf.
H2(g)+O(g) →H2O(g); ∆H1=-a kj mol-1
H2(g)+1/2O2 (g) →H2O(g); ∆H2=-b kj mol-1
2H(g)+O(g) →H2O(g); ∆H3=-c kj mol-1
ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wj;jpd; vz; ngWkhdk; FiwAk; tupir
1. c>a>b 2.b>a>c 3.c>b>a 4.b>c>a 5. a>b>c
(2010/11)
49.273.12 K ,y; gdpf;fl;bia ePuhf;Fk; khw;wj;jpy;
1.khw;wk; jhdhf epfo;fpwJ 2. ntg;gepiy $LfpwJ 3. ntg;ggupkhw;wk; ,y;iy
4. ntg;gk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;Wj 5.ntg;gk; cwpQ;rg;gLfpd;wJ . (1985/25)
50.C(s), S(s),CS2(l) Mfpatw;wpd; epak jfd ntg;gTs;Siwfs; KiwNa -394KJ mol-1, -296 kj mol-1, -1072 kj mol-
1
MFk;. CS2(l) ,d; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siw
1.-86kj mol-1 2.86kj mol-1 3. 382kj mol-1 4.-1762kj mol-1 5. 1762 kj mol-1
(2012New/22)
51.Al2O3(s), Fe2O3(s) vd;Dk; Nru;itfspd; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siwfs; KiwNa -1601 kj mol-1, 821kj mol-1
MFk;. Al2O3(S) ,d; 2.0 %y;fs; gpd;tUk; jhf;fj;jpw;F Vw;g cz;lhf;fg;gLk;NghJ eingWk; epak
ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk;.
Fe2O3(s)+2Al(s) →Al2O3(s)+2 Fe(s)
1.-780 kj mol-1 2. -1560kj mol-1 3. -2422 kj mol-1 4.1560kj mol-1 5.2422kj mol-1
(2012Old/15)
52.jhf;fq;fspd; ntg;gtpurhad mk;rq;fs; gw;wpa $w;Wfspy; vJ/vit cz;ikahdJ/cz;ikahdit?
a) vy;yh jhf;fq;fSf;Fk; khwhf; fdtstpy; cs;s ntg;g khw;wk; khwh mKf;fj;jpy; cs;s ntg;g
khw;wj;jpw;Fr; rkk;.
b) xU gy;gbj; jhf;fj;jpd; ntg;gTs;Siwapy; cs;s khw;wk; xt;nthU gbapdJk; ntg;g Ts;Siw
khw;wq;fspd; $l;Lj;njhifahFk;.
c) xU jhf;fj;jpd; ntg;gTs;Siwapy; cs;s khw;wj;ijj; jhf;fpfspdJk; tpisnghUs;fspdJk; Mf;f
ntg;gTs;SiwfspypUe;J fzpf;fyhk;.
d) xU %yfj;jpd; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siw mjd; gpwjpUg;g tbtq;fspy; vjw;Fk; G+r;rpakhFk;.
(2012Old/42)
ENERGETICS MR.H.S.DHAYAN SILVA
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53.ntg;gepiy T ,y; gpd;tUk; jhf;fq;fSf;F ∆H, ∆G juTfs; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

I.2CH4(g) C2H4(g) + 2H2(g)
∆ H=201.88kj mol-1
. ∆ G=169.62kj mol-1
II.2CH4(g)+O2(g) C2H4(g) +2H2O(g)
∆ H= - 281.76kj mol-1
. ∆G= - 287.56kj mol-1
III.2CH4(g)+2C(s) 2C2H4(g)
∆H= 254.14kj mol-1
. ∆G=237.74kj mol-1
ntg;gepiy T ,y; gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ/ vit/ cz;ikahdJ/ cz;ikahdit?
a) CH4 ,ypUe;J C2H4 I cz;lhf;Ftjw;f;F I,II,III Mfpa %d;W jhf;fq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
b) jhf;fk; I MdJ kiw ve;jpug;gp khw;wj;ij cilaJ
c) jhf;fk; II khj;jpuNk CH4 ,ypUe;J C4H4 I cz;lhf;Ftjw;f;F rhj;jpakhd jhf;fkhFk;.
d) jhf;fk; III MdJ Neu; ve;jpug;gp khw;wj;ij cilaJ (2013/38)
54.N2(g)+3H2(g)→2NH3(g)
Nkw;Fwpj;j jhf;fk; 298K ,y; ntg;gtpaf;ftpay; uPjpapy; RahjPdkhf ,Uf;fpd;wNghjpYk; cau;
ntg;gepiyapy; mt;thwd;W. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ 298K ,y; cs;s jhf;fk; gw;wp cz;ikahdJ?
1. ∆G, ∆𝐻, ∆𝑆 Mfpa vy;yhk; Neuhdit.
2. ∆G, ∆𝐻, ∆𝑆 Mfpa vy;yhk; kiwahdit.
3. ∆G, ∆𝐻, Mfpad kiwAk; ∆𝑆 NeUk; MFk;.
4. ∆G, ∆𝑆, Mfpad kiwAk; ∆𝐻,Mfpad kiwAk; ∆𝐻,NeUk; MFk;.
5. ∆G, ∆𝐻,Mfpad NeUk; ∆S kiwAk; MFk;. (2013/22)
55.xU jdpikahf;fpa njhFjp Fwpj;Jg; gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ rupahdJ?
1. njhFjpapd; vy;iy rlg;nghUisg; gupkhw mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.
2. njhFjpapd; vy;iy rlg;nghUisg; gupkhw mDkjpf;fhj m Nj Ntis ntg;gj;ijg; gupkhw
mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.
3. njhFjpapd; vy;iy rlg;nghUisNah ntg;gj;ijNah gupkhw mDkjpf;Fk; mNjNtis Ntiyia
gupkhw mDkjpg;gjpy;iy.
4. njhFjpapd; vy;iy rlg;nghUisNah ntg;gj;ijNah NtiyiaNah gupkhw mDkjpg;gjpy;iy.
5. njhFjpapd; vy;iy rlg;nghUisAk; ntg;gj;ijAk; NtiyiaAk; gupkhw mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.
(2014/11)
56.C(s) ,d; epakj; jfd ntg;gTs;Siwg; ngWkhdk; -393.5 kj mol-1 MFk;. CO(g), H2O(g) Mfpatw;wpd; epak
Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siwg; ngWkhdq;fs; KiwNa -110.5 kj mol-1, -241.8 kj mol-1 MFk;. jhf;fk; CO2(g)
+H2(g)→CO(g)+H2O(g) ,d; epak ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk;.
1.524.8 kj mol-1 2. -262.5 kj mol-1 3. 41.2 kj mol-1 4. -41.2 kj mol-1 5. 262.5 kj mol-1
(2014/14)
57. ntg;gepiy T ,y; epfOk; xU Ra (RahjPd ) jhf;fk; gw;wp gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ/ vit vg;NghJk;
cz;ikahdJ/ cz;ikahdit?
a) jhf;fk; xU Neu; ve;jpug;gp khw;wj;ijf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
b) jhf;fk; xU kiw ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wj;ijf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
c) ve;jpug;gp khw;wk; kiw vdpy; jhf;fj;jpd; ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; kiw Mf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
d) ve;jpug;gp khw;wk; Neu; Mf ,Uf;Fnkdpy; jhf;fj;jpd; ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; kiw Mf ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. (2014/31)

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58.270C ,y; J}a jputk; A mjd; MtpAld; rk epiyapYs;s Xu %ba njhFjpiaf; fUJf. ,t; ntg;g
epiyapy; jputk; A ,d; Mtpahjypd; ntg;gTs;Siw 20.00 kj mol-1 MFk;. 270C ,y; A ,d; Mtpahjypd;
ve;jpug;gp J K-1 mol-1 ,y;
1).0.01 2).0.07 3).5.66 4).14.30 5).66.67
(2015/14)
59.CH4 MdJ kpif O2 cld; jhf;fk;Gupe;J CO2 ck; ePUk; cUthjy; xU Gwntg;gr; nrad;KiwahFk;. 1
%y; CH4 MdJ O2 cld; jhf;fk; GupAk;NghJ cUthFk; ePu; jput epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; epiyikapd; fPo;
ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; 890.4 kj mol-1 MFk;. cUthFk; ePu; ePuhtp epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; epiyikapd; fPo;
,j;jhf;fk; epfo;j;jg;gLk;NghJ ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; 802.4 kj mol-1 MFk;. H2O(l)→H2O(g) vd;Dk;
jhf;fj;jpw;fhd ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; (kj mol-1 ,y; )
1).-88 2).-44 3).22 4).44 5).88
(2015/23)
60.jhf;fnkhd;wpd; Vtw;rf;jp njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ/ vit jtwhdJ / jtwhdit?
a) Gwntg;gr; nrad;Kiwnahd;wpy; gpd;Kfj; jhf;fj;jpd; Vtw;rf;jpiatpl Kd;Kfj; jhf;fj;jpd;
Vtw;rf;jp FiwthdjhFk;.
b) tpiuthf eilngWk; jhf;fj;jpd; Vtw;rf;jpapYk; ghu;f;f nkJthf eilngWk; jhf;fj;jpd; Vtw;rf;jp
FiwthFk;.
c) jug;gl;l jhf;fg; ghijapd; Vtw;rf;jpapy; Cf;fp ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jhJ.
d) jhf;fpfspd; njlf;fr; nrwpT mjpfk; vdpy; Vtw;rf;jp FiwT MFk;. (2015/34)
61.Kjy; $w;W:-xU %ba njhFjpapy; ePuhtp xLq;Fk; NghJ #oypy; ve;jpug;gp Fiwe;J nry;Yk;.
,uz;lhk; $w;W:-njhFjpapdhy; ntsptplg;gLk; ntg;gj;jpd; %yk; #oypYs;s Jzpf;iffspd; ntg;g ,af;fk;
mjpfupf;Fk;. (2015/43)
62. .vjpyPd; C2H4(g) ,d; jfdk; gpd;tUk; jhf;fj;jpdhy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
C2H4(g)+3O2(g) →2CO2(g) +2H2O(g) ∆H= - 1323kJ mol-1
,j;jfdj;jpd;NghJ ePu; MdJ thAepiyapy; , H2O(g) Mf my;yhky; jput epiyapy; , H2O(l) cUthFkhapd;
∆H ,d; ngWkhdk; (kJ mol-1 ,y;) ahJ? (H2O(g)→H2O(l) ,w;fhd ∆H = -44 kJ mol-1)
1) -1235 2) -1279 3) -1323 4) – 1367 5) – 1411
(2016)
63. 23.250C ,y; ePupy; jpz;k mNkhdpak; FNshiul;L NH4Cl (s) If; fiuf;Fk;NghJ fiurypd; ntg;gepiy
FiwtilAk;. ,r;nrad;Kiwapy; ∆HO,∆SO vd;gtw;Wf;fhfg; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ cz;ikahdJ?
∆Ho ∆So
1. Neu; Neu;
2. Neu; kiw
3. Neu; G+r;rpak;
4. kiw Neu;
5. kiw kiw (2016)

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37.C(s) MdJ O2(g) cld; jhf;fk;Gupe;J 0.40 mol CO2(g) I cUthf;Fifapy; 40kJ ntg;gk; ntsptplg;gLk;.
,j;njhFjp njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ/vit cz;ikahdJ/cz;ikahdit?
(C=12, O=16)
a) xU %y; CO2(g) ,id C(s),O2(g) Mfg; gpupifailar; nra;tjw;F 100 kJ ntg;gk; Njitg;gLfpwJ.
b) 11g CO2(g) ,id cUthf;Ftjw;F 25 kJ ntg;gk; Njitg;gLfpwJ.
c) tpisg;nghUs;fspd; ntg;gTs;Siwg; ngWkhdq;fspd; $l;Lj;njhif jhf;fpfspd; ntg;gTs;Siwg;
ngWkhdq;fspd; $l;Lj;njhifia tplf; FiwthdjhFk;.
d) tpisnghUs;fspd; ntg;gTs;Siwg; ngWkhdq;fspd; $l;Lj;njhif jhf;fpfspd; ntg;gTs;Siwg;
ngWkhdq;fspd; $l;Lj;njhifia tpl cau;thdjhFk;. (2016)
46.Kjyhk; $w;W:-vy;yhr; Rakhd jhf;fq;fSk; Gwntg;gj;Jf;Fupad.
,uz;lhk; $w;W:-ve;jnthU jhf;fj;jpw;fhfTk; ∆G=∆H+T∆S MFk;. (2016)
19.1mol dm-3 nrwptpidAila NaOH fiurypd; 100 cm3 ck; mNj nrwptpidAila HCl fiurypd; 100cm3
ck; ntg;gf; fhtypl;l ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; fyf;fg;gLk;NghJ epfOk; ntg;gepiy NtWghL ahJ?
epak eLepiyahf;f ntg;gTs;Siw = -57kj mol-1
fiurypd; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssT =4.2 J g-1 K-1
fiurypd; mlu;j;jp = 1.0 g cm-3
1) 3.0 0C 2) 4.20C 3) 5.60C 4) 6.80C 5)8.20C
;. (2016 EDUCATION MINISTRY)
42.Kjyhk; $w;W:-mad; Nru;it xd;wpd; ePupd; fiujpwd; mad;fspd; ePNuw;w ntg;gTs;Siw kw;Wk;
mjd;rhyf ntg;gTs;Siw kPJ jq;fpapUf;Fk;.

,uz;lhk; $w;W:-epak rhyf ntg;gTs;SiwahdJ Fwpj;j mad;fspd; epak ePNuw;W ntg;gTs;Siwfspd;

$l;Lj;njhifia tpl ngupjhifahy; mad; Nru;it xd;wpdJ epakf; fiuryhf;f ntg;gTs;SiwahdJ
vg;NghJk; Gwntg;gj;jhf;FupajhFk;. (2016 EDUCATION MINISTRY)

43.MgCl2 (s) epak fiury; ntg;gTs;Siw +23 kj mol-1 Mf ,Ug;gJld; Mg2+(g),Cl-(g) Mfpa mad;fspd;
epak ePNuw;w ntg;gTs;Siw KiwNa Mg2+ mad; nrwpT ppm ,y; vt;tsthFk;? (Mg=24,Cu=40,Cl=35.5)
1) 71 ppm 2) 142 ppm 3) 24 ppm 4) 48 ppm 5)96 ppm
EDUCATION MINISTRY

44.gpd;tUk; jhf;fq;fSs; vjpy;/ vtw;wpy; ∆H, ∆𝑆, ∆𝐺 Mfpa %d;W khw;wq;fspdJk; FwpaPLfs; kiwahf
fhzg;glyhk;?
a)Ba(OH)2(aq)+H2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s)+2H2O(l)
b)4Na(s)+O2(g) 2Na2O(s)
c)6CO2(g)+6H2O(g) C6H12O6(s)+ 6O2(g)
d)2H2O(l) 2H2(g) +O29g)
EDUCATION MINISTRY

45.Rthiyr; Nrhjidapy; thA mZ J}z;ba epiyikf;F khWjiy M(g) M(g)* vd

tifFwpf;fyhk;. Nkw;Fwpj;j nrad;Kiwf;F cupa rf;jp khw;wk; 180.66 kj mol vdpd; M*(g)
-1
M(g) vd;Dk;
nrad;Kiwapy; ntsptUk; kpd;fhe;jf; fjpu;g;gpd; miyePsk; gpd;tUtdtw;wps; ahJ?
1)110.0 nm 2)497.2nm 3)662.6 nm 4)1100.0 nm 5)6626.0 nm
EDUCATION MINISTRY

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46.PH3(g) ,w;Fk; HI(g) ,w;Fk; ,ilapyhd jhf;fk; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

PH3(g)+HI(g)→PH4+I-(s) ∆𝐻 = −101.8 kj mol-1
PH3(g) ,dJk; HI(g) ,dJk; epak Njhd;wypd; ntg;g cs;SiwngWkhdq;fs; KiwNa +5.4 kj mol-1 ck;
+26.5 kj mol-1 ck; MFk;.
PH4+I ,dJk; epak Njhd;wypd; ntg;g cs;Siw ahJ?
1)-133.7 kj mol-1 2)-69.9 kj mol-1 3)+69.9 kj mol-1 4)+133.7 kj mol-1 5)-122.9 kj mol
EDUCATION MINISTRY

47.gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; rupahf tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpil vJ?/ tpilfs; vit?

ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; Fwpj;j jhf;fk;

a)maBd; epak gjq;fkhjy; I2(s)→2I(g)

ntg;gTs;Siw

b)CH3OH(l) ,d; epak jfd 2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)→2CO2(g)+6H2O(l)

ntg;gTs;Siw

c)MgBr2(s) ,d; epak rhyf Mg2+(g)+2Br –(g)→MgBr2(s)

ntg;gTs;Siw

d)O2(g) ,d; mZthjy; ntg;gTs;Siw O2(g)→2O(g)

EDUCATION MINISTRY

PART .-II
01.)2000 Aug/ess/7
a. miw ntg;gepiyapy; 0.025mol Na2CO3(s) MdJ 3.00 mol dm-3 HCl fiurypd; 25.0cm3 ,w;Fr; Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ.
mg;NghJ fiurypd; ntg;gepiy 8.00C ,dhy; mjpfupg;gJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. ngwg;gl;l fiurypd;
jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssT 5000jkg-1 K-1 MfTk; mjd; mlu;j;jp 1000kg m-3 MfTk; ,Ue;jJ.
I. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l jhf;fk; eilngWifapy; ntspNawpa ntg;gj;ijf; fzpf;f?
,j;jhf;fj;jpdhy; ntsptplg;gl;l vy;yh ntg;gKk; fiurypd; ntg;gepiy mjpfupg;gjw;f;F khj;jpuk;
gad;gl;lnjdTk; NtW ve;jtifapYk; ntg;g ,of;fg;glNth fiurypd; fdtsT khw;wkilaNth
,y;iy vdTk; fUjpf; nfhs;f.
II. jhf;fkile;j xt;nthU %y; HCl ,w;FKupa eLepiyahf;f ntg;gTs;Siwiaf; fzpf;f?
,f;fzpg;gpy; ck;khy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l NtnwhU vLNfhs; gw;wpf; $Wf.
III. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l jhf;f epge;jidfspd; fPo;f; nra;ag;gl;l
NaHCO3(S)+HCl(aq)→NaCl(aq) + CO2(g)+H2O(l)
vDk; jhf;fj;Jf;Fupa ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; ∆H =-25.5 kj mol-1 MFk;. mNj epge;jidfspd; fPo;r;
nra;ag;gl;l
2NaHCO3(S) →Na2CO3(S)+H2O(l)+CO2(g) vDk; jhf;fj;Jf;Fupa ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; ∆H If; fzpf;f.
b.ckf;Ff; fPo;tUk; ntg;gtpurhadj; juTfs; jug;gl;s;sd.
KCl(s) ,d; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siw ∆H0f = -437 kj mol-1
K(s) ,d; epak gjq;fkhjy; ntg;gTs;Siw ∆H0s= +89 kj mol-1
Cl2(g) ,d; epak $l;lg;gpupT ntg;gTs;Siw ∆H0D=+244 kj mol-1
K(g) ,d; epak 1k; madhf;f ntg;gTs;Siw ∆H0l1=+418 kj mol-1
Cl(g) ,d; epak ,yj;jpud; Vw;wy; (gain) ntg;gTs;Siw ∆H0EA=-349 kj mol-1
0
KCl(s) ,d; epak rhyf ntg;gTs;Siw ∆H L If; fzpf;f.

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(2016/EDUCATION MINISTRY)

02) .xU %y; fhgdPnuhl;irl;L thATk; xU %y; Ijurd; thATk; khwhf; fdtsT ghj;jpunkhd;wpy;
fyf;fg;gl;L 250C ntg;gepiyapy; gpd;tUkhW jhf;fKw tplg;gl;ld.

CO2(g)+H2(g) →CO(g)+H2O(g)

250C ,w;Fupa ntg;g ,urhadj; juTfs; rpy fPNo ml;ltizapy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

gjhu;j;jk; ∆G⦵ f /kj mol-1 S ⦵/ J mol-1 K-1

CO(g) -137 197.5

CO2(g) -394 213.7
0 130.6
H2(g)
-229 188.7
H2O(g)

(i)250C ,y; Nkw;gb jhf;fj;Jf;Fupa ∆G⦵ If; fzpf;Ff.

................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)250C ,y; Nkw;gb jhf;fj;Jf;Fupa ∆S⦵ If; fzpf;Ff.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii)mtw;iwf; nfhz;L Nkw;gb jhf;fj;Jf;Fupa ∆H ⦵ If; fzpf;Ff.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..................
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iv)Nkw;gb jhf;fkhdJ jug;gl;Ls;s jpirapy; Rakhf epfOkh? Rakhf epfohj jpirapy; jhf;fj;ij
Rakhf epfor; nra;tjw;fhf ahNjDk; T (K) ntg;gepiyia tpl cau;thd ntg;gepiyf;F ntg;gNkw;w
Ntz;bAs;sjhapd; T ,dJ ngWkhdj;ijf; fhz;f.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….................
Nkw;gb kPs; jhf;fkhdJ fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s jpirapy; epfOk;NghJ jhf;ff; fyitapd; fl;likg;Gld; fpg;];
rf;jp khWk; tpjk; fPNo tiugpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

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(v)G1⦵,dJk; G2⦵,dJk; ngWkhdq;fs; ahit?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(vi)jhf;fj;jpd; ve;jnthU fl;likg;Gf;FKupa fpg;]; rf;jp khw;wkhd ,∆GrMdJ fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s njhlu;gpd;
%yk; fpilf;fpd;wJ.
∆Gr=∆G⦵+2.303 RT log K
,q;F K vd;gJ rkepiy khwpyp MFk;. njhFjp ,af;f rkepiyapy; cs;sNghJ ,∆G⦵=-2.303RT log K vd
ca;j;jwpf.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(vii)250C ,y; Nkw;gb jhf;fj;Jf;Fupa rkepiy khwpypiaf; (K) fzpf;Ff.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(viii)Nkw;gb K ,dJ ngWkhdj;Jf;Fk; Fwpj;j ntg;gepiyapy; jhf;fj;jpd; RahjPd jd;ikf;Fk; ,ilapy;
ahNjDk; njhlu;ig ePq;fs; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wuP h?tpsf;Ff.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

03.)2001Aug/ess/5
a.250C ,y; ePu;f; fiurypy; NaOH cld; rpy mkpyq;fSf;Fg; ngwg;gl;l epak %yu; eL epiyahf;f
ntg;gTs;Siwfs; (∆H0) fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

mkpyk; ∆H0/kj mol-1

HCl -57
HNO3 -57
C2H5COOH -51

i.Nkw;gb mtjhdq;fSf;Fupa fhuzq;fisj; jUf.

ii.1.ePu;
. 2.ePupy; Gwg;gndhapf; mkpyk; (C2H5COOH) Mfpatw;wpd; epak %yu; $l;lg;gpupif ntg;gTs;Siw (∆H0) I
250C ,y; ca;j;jwpf.

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b.gpd;tUk; juTfs; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

ntg;gKjy; rhu; %yf;$w;Wj; jpzpT epak nfhjp epiy/0C epak %yu; jfd
(Heat source) ntg;gTs;Siw
∆H0/kj mol-1
C3H8(g) 44 -42 -2200
C8H18(l) 114 +126 -5130

i.epak epge;jidfspd; fPo; Gwg;Ngd;. Xf;Nud; Mfpa xt;nthd;wpd; 1.0kg ntt;Ntwhf Kw;whfj; jfdk;
nra;ag;gl;lJ. mit xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; fPNo jug;gl;ltw;iwj; fzpf;f.
1.ntsptplg;gl;l ntg;g rf;jp
2.cz;lhfpa CO2 thAtpd; jpzpT
NkNy (i) ,y; ngwg;gl;l ngWNgWfisg; gad;gLj;jp ,U Nru;itfspd; vJ ntg;gKjyhf
gad;gLj;Jtjw;f;F $ba mD$ykhdnjd ,U fhuzq;fs; je;J ca;j;jwpf.

04).2002April/ess/5
b.i.C2H5OH(l) +CH3CO2H(l) CH3CO2C2H5(l)+H2O(l) vDk; jhf;fj;jpw;Fupa epak ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wj;ij
kjpg;gpLf. (estimate) epak gpizg;G ntg;gTs;Siwfs;
(kj/mol) C-H:=414 C=O=724 C-C=347 O-H=464 C-O=360
ii.,j;jhf;fj;jpy; NkNy ngw;w ckJ kjpg;gPl;Lg; (estimate) ngWkhdk; gupNrhjidg; ngWkhdj;jpYk; (b kj/mol)
ghu;f;f Vd; tpj;jpahrnkd;gij tpsf;Ff.

05).2003 April/ess/5
a.i.gpd;tUk; xt;nthU $w;Wf;Fk; nghUj;jkhd jhf;fq;fSf;F 298K ,w;Fupa ,urhadr; rkd;ghLfis
vOJf.
1. FNshuPdpd; epak ,yj;jpud; Vw;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw ∆H0EA=-350 kj mol-1
2. Nrhbak; GNshiul;bd; epak rhyf rf;jp ∆H0L =-620 kj mol-1
3. H2O(l) ,d; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siw ∆H0f =300kj mol-1
4. iuiew;NuhnuhYaPd; (TNT), C7H5N3O6(S) ,d; epakthf;f ntg;gTs;Siw ∆H0f= -250 kj mol-1
5. CH4g) ,d; epak jfd ntg;gTs;Siw ∆H0c=-800kj mol-1
ii.gpd;tUk; rkd;ghl;Lf;fika TNT ,w;Fk; O2(g) ,w;Fk; ,ilapy; jhf;fk; eilngWk;.
2C7H5N3O6(S)+8O2(g)→3N2(g)+5H2(g)+14CO2(g)
,j;jhf;fj;jpw;F epak jhf;f ntg;gTs;Siw 298K ,y; xt;nthU %y; TNT ,w;Fk; -2550 kj MFk;. NkNy (i)
,y; jug;gl;l Njitahd juTfisg; gad;gLj;jp 298K ,y; CO2(g) ,d; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siwiag;
fzpf;f.
iii.#upa xspAk; jFe;j xU Cf;fp A ck; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ CO2(g) ck; CH4(g), gpd;tUk; rkd;ghl;bw;fika
CH4(g)+CO2(g) 2CO(g)+2H2(g
298K ,y; xkJ ,d; epak ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wj;Jld; eilngWk;.
C(S)+H2O(g) →CO(g)+H2(g) vDk; jhf;fj;jpw;F 298K ,y; epak ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; 125kj MFk;. NkNy (i),(ii)
gFjpfspy; jug;gl;l / fzpf;fg;gl;l ntg;gtpurhad juTfspy; Njitahdtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp x ,d;
ngWkjpiaf; fzpf;f.

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iv.gFjp (iii) ,y; jug;gl;l Cf;fw; jhf;fj;jpd; tpisnghUl;fs; NtW epge;jidfspYk; NtW Cf;fp B
clDk; 2CO(g) +2H2(g) CH4(g)+CO2(g)
vd;w rkd;ghl;bw;F mika jhf;fkile;J Muk;g nghUl;fis jpUk;gTk; je;jJ. ,j;jhf;fj;jpd; xOq;fpid
#upa rf;jpia ntg;g rf;jpahf khw;Wtjw;f;F gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,yq;ifapy; kpd;rf;jpiag; ngWtjw;F ntg;g
cw;gj;jpapd; NghJ epyf;fup jfd Kiwia tpl ,g;gbg;gl;l tl;l Kiwapy; cs;s ,U mD$yq;fisj;
jUf.
v.2C7H5N3O6(S) 3N2(g)+7C(S)+7CO(g)+5H2O(l) vd;w rkd;ghl;bw;fika TNT xU ntbnghUshf
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJ xU %y; TNT w;F -850 kj epak ntg;g cs;Siw khw;wj;Jld; ntbj;jy;
eilngWfpd;wJ. gFjp (i) ,; jug;gl;l rpy juTfisg; gad;gLj;jp 298kj y; CO(g) ,d; epak Mf;f
ntg;gTs;Siwiaf; fzpf;f.

05).2004/ess/05
b.fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s 250C apyhd epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siw (∆fH0) juTfisg; gad; gLj;jp xU jFe;j
fzpg;gpd; %yk; SF4(g) , SF6(g) Mfpa Nru;itfspd; vJ typikahd S-F gpizg;ig cilanjdj; Jzpf.

SF4(g) SF6(g) S(g) F(g)

∆Hf0/kj mol-1 -775 -1210 279 79

c.250C ,y; C(S),CO(g),CO2(g),H2O(g) Mfpatw;wpd; epak Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siwfs; KiwNa 0kj mol-1 , -110kj
mol-1, -395kj mol-1, -242kj mol-1 MFk;. 250C apy; gpd;tUk; ,urhadj; jhf;fq;fspd; epak ntg;gTs;Siw
khw;wq;fisf; fzpf;f.
i. C(S)+H2O(g) CO(g)+H2(g) ii. C(S)+O2(g) CO2(g)
ePu; thAj; jhf;fj;jpNy {NkNy jhf;fk; (i)} epyf;fup tbtj;jpy; cs;s ntg;g khf;fpa C ,d; Nkyhf nfhjp
ePuhtpia mDg;Gtjd; %yk; ePu; thA CO(g)+H2(g) Mfpatw;wpd; xU rk %yu; fyit ngwg;gLfpd;wJ.
epahakhd tPjj;jpy; ePu;thAitg; ngWtjw;Fg; epyf;fupapd; ntg;gepiyia 4000C w;F mz;ikapy; NgZjy;
mtrpak;. ePu; thAtpd; ifj;njhopy; cw;gj;jpapy; ntg;gkhf;fpa epyf;fup ahdJ khwpkhwp nfhjpePuhtpAld;
tspAlDk; njhopw;gl tplg;gLfpd;wJ. NkNy nra;ag;gl;l ckJ fzpg;GfisAk; ,urha ,af;ftpay; gw;wpa
ckJ mwpitAk; gad;gLj;jp ifj;njhopy; nrad;Kiwapy; ,t;thW Vd; nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ? vd;gij
tpsf;Ff.
06).2005/ess/05
c.gpd;tUk; (i) njhlf;fk; (vii) tiuahd $w;Wf;fs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhd nrad;KiwfSf;fhd
rkg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,urhadr; rkd;ghLfis vOJf.
I. GNuhkPDila epak ,yj;jpud; Vw;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw.(electron gain enthalpy) ∆𝐻0EA -328.0 kj mol-1
MFk;.
II. MgCl2(s) ,Dila epakj;Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw ∆𝐻0f, -641.0kj mol-1 MFk;.
III. ];nuwpf; fkpyk; C17H35COOH ,d; epakj; jfd ntg;gTs;Siw ∆𝐻0c, -11380.0 kj mol-1 MFk;.
IV. Mg ,Dila epak KjyhtJ madhf;f ntg;gTs;Siw ∆𝐻0l1, epak ,uz;lhtJ madhf;f
ntg;gTs;Siw ∆𝐻0I2, ck; KiwNa 737.0kj mol-1 ck; 1451.0 kj mol-1 ck; MFk;.
V. Mg ,Dila epak mZthf;fs; ntg;gTs;Siw , ∆𝐻0A,148.0kj mol-1 MFk;.
VI. MgBr2(g) ,Dila epakr; rhyf ntg;gTs;Siw ∆𝐻0L, -2440.0 kj mol-1 MFk;.
VII. Br2 ,Dila epakg; gpizg;Gf; $l;lg;gpupif ntg;gTs;Siw, ∆𝐻0D,-193.0kj mol-1 MFk;.
GNuhkPDila epak epiy Br2(l) vdTk; mjDila epak Mtpahf;fy; ntg;gTs;Siw , ∆𝐻0vap, 15.0kj
mol-1 vdTk; jug;gbd; gpd;tUk; jhf;fq;fs; (h) ,dJk; (i) ,dJk; epak ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wq;fisf;
fzpf;f.
VIII. Mg(s)+Br2(l) →MgBr2(s)
IX. Cl2(g)+MgBr2(s)→MgCl2(s)+ Br2(l)

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07).2006/ess/05
a.nehjpj;y; vd mwpag;gLk; Kiw xd;wpdhy; FSf;NfhR (C6H12O6) I mw;Nfhy; (C2H5OH) MfTk; CO2
MfTk; Kw;Wg;ngwhj xl;rpNaw;wk; nra;tjhy; nehjpf;fyq;fs; mitfSf;Fj; Njitg;gLfpd;w rf;jpiag;
ngWfpd;wd. ,k; Kiwiag; gpd;tUkhW gpujp epjpj;Jtg;gLj;jyhk;.
C6H12O6(aq) → 2 C2H5OH(aq)+2CO2(g)
250C ,y; FSf;NfhR (S) ,dJk; mw;fNfhy; (l) ,dJk; epak jfd ntg;gTs;Siwfs; KiwNa . -2808kj
mol-1 ck; -1368kj mol-1 ck; MFk;.
i. 250C ,y; ePupy; FSf;NfhR (s) ,dJk; mw;fNfhy; (l) ,dJk; fiuj;jypd; nghOJ rk;ke;jg;gl;l
ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; Gwf;fzpf;ff;$baJ vd vLj;Jf;nfhz;L 2.5mol FSf;NfhR nehjpaj;jpdhy;
nehjpf;Fk;nghOJ ntspNaw;wg;gLk; rf;jpapd; msitf; fzpf;f.
ii. Fwpg;gpl;l msT FSf;NfhRtpd; nehjpj;jypd;NghJ ntspNaw;wg;gLk; rf;jpf;Fk; mNj FSf;NfhR
kdpjdpd; Rthrj;jypdhy; ntspNaw;wg;gLk; rf;jpf;Fk; ,ilapYs;s tpfpjk; ahJ?
Fwpg;G:-Rthrj;jypd;NghJ FSf;NfhR KOikahf xl;rpNaw;wg;gLfpwJ.
08).2007/ess/05
a.i.NH3(g) ck; O2(g) ck; xd;Wlndhd;W jhf;fk; Gupe;J NO(g) IAk; H2O(g) IAk; cz;lhf;Ffpd;wd.
,j;jhf;fj;jpw;Fupa rkg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,urhadr; rkd;ghl;il vOJf.?
ii. gpd;tUk; juTfis gad;gLj;jp NkNy (i) ,y; ePu; vOjpa jhf;fj;jpw;Fupa epak ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk;
∆𝐻0 If; fhz;f?
NH3(g) ,Dila epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw ∆𝐻0f(NH3,g)=-46kj mol-1
NO(g) ,Dila epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw ∆𝐻0f(NO,g) =90 kj mol-1
H2O(g) ,Dila epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw ∆𝐻0f(H2O,g)=-242kj mol-1
iii.jug;gl;l juTfisAk; fzpf;fg;gl;l ngWkhdj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jp , NO(g)I cUthf;Ftjw;Fg; gpd;tUk;
I,II Mfpa ,U jhf;fq;fspy; vjw;F mjp$ba rhj;jpa Ks;sJ vd;gijr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.?
I. N2(g) ,w;Fk; O2(g) ,w;Fk; ,ilapyhd jhf;fk;
II. NH3(g) ,w;Fk; O2(g) ,w;Fk; ,ilapyhd jhf;fk;

09).2008/ess/6
a.nghUj;jkhd ntg;gTs;Siwg; gbfspd; tiu glj;ij (enthalpy level diagram) fl;likg;gjd; %yk; CaBr2(s)
,d; rhyfr; rf;jpiaf; fzpf;f. Ntz;ba ntg;g ,urhadj; juTfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. (ngsjPf epiyfs;
fl;lhak; ,Ljy; Ntz;Lk;.)
Br2(l) vd; Mtpahjy; ntg;gTs;Siw =31kj kol-1
Br2(g) d; gpizg;Gf; $l;lg;gpupif ntg;gTs;Siw =193 kj mol-1
Br(g) d; ,yj;jpud; ehl;lk; = -331 kj mol-1
Ca(s) ,d; mZthf;fy; ntg;gTs;Siw =177 kj mol-1
Ca(g) ,d; 1 tJk; 2 tJk; madhf;fw; rf;jpfspdJ = 1740 kj mol-1
$l;Lj;njhif
CaBr2(s) ,d; Mf;f ntg;gTs;Siw =-683 kj mol-1

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10).2009/str/2/b
b.i.CO2(g) ,d; Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw vd;gjhy; tpsq;FtJ ahu;?
ii.ngd;rpw;fupapd; 72.0g khjpup xd;W epak epge;jidfspd; fPo; O2 cld; vupA+l;lg; gl;lNghJ tpisTf;fyit
jpzpT uPjpapy; 28% CO(g), 66%CO2(g), vupahj C(S) vd;gtw;iw nfhz;bUe;jJ.
CO(g) d; Njh.nt.=-111kj mol-1 ,CO2(g) d; Njh.nt = -394 kj mol-1 (C=12.0, O=16.0)
I.gpd;tUtdtw;iw fzpf;f.
A. tpisTf; fyitapYs;s C(S), CO(g), CO2(g) Mfpatw;wpd; %yu; tpfpjk;.
B. ntspNaw;wg;gl;l CO(g) ,dJ %y;fspd; vz;zpf;if
C. ntspNaw;wg;gl;l CO2(g) d; %y;fspd; vz;zpf;if
D. epak epge;jidfspd; fPo; 1.0 mol ngd;rpw;fup vupA+l;lg;gl;l NghJ ntsptplg;gl;l ntg;gk;
II.NkNy jug;gl;l ntg;g tpurhadj; juTfisg; gad;gLj;jp epak epge;jidfspd; fPo; CO(g) I CO2(g) w;F
khw;wPL nra;tJ mfntg;gj;jhf;fkh my;yJ Gwntg;gj;jhf;fkh vd ca;j;jwpf.

11).2010/ess/5/a
a.fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s ntg;g tpurhadj; juTfisg; gad;gLj;jp 250C ,y;
. 2Mg(s)+O2(g)→2MgO(S)
vd;Dk; jhf;fj;jpw;fhd ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wj;ijf; fzpf;f.
250C ,y; O2(g) ,d; gpizg;Gf; $l;lg;gpupT ntg;gTs;Siw = 498 kj mol-1
. O(g) ,d; Kjyhk; ,yj;jpud; ehl;lk; = -149 kj mol-1
. O(g) ,d; ,uz;lhk; ,yj;jpud; ehl;lk; = 798 kj mol-1
. Mg(s),d; gjq;fkhjypd; ntg;gTs;Siw = 148 kj mol-1
. Mg(g) ,d; Kjyhk; madhf;fr; rf;jp = 738 kj mol-1
. Mg(g),d; ,uz;lhk; madhf;fr; rf;jp = 1451 kj mol-1
. MgO(s) ,d; rhyfr; rf;jp =-3791 kj mol-1

12).2011new/str/3
a.N2(g)+3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) vd;Dk; ,urhadj; jhf;fj;ijAk; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s 250C ,yhd ntg;gtpurhadj;
juTfisAk; fUJf.
,urhad ,dq;fs; N2(g) H2(g) NH3(g)
epak Mf;f 0.00 0.00 -46.1
ntg;gTs;Siw/ kj mol-1
epak ve;jpug;gp 191.5 130.7 192.3
i.250C ,y; Nkw;Fwpj;j jhf;fj;jpw;fhd ∆H0 If; fzpf;f.
ii. 250C ,y; Nkw;Fwpj;j jhf;fj;jpw;fhd ∆S0 If; fzpf;f.
iii. I.Xu; ,urhadj; jhf;fj;jpd; ∆G ia mjd; ∆H clDk; ∆S clDk; njhlu;G gLj;Jk; Nfhitia
vOJf.
II.250 C ,y; Nkw;Fwpj;j jhf;fj;jpw;fhd ∆G0 If; fzpf;f.

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13).,yq;ifapy; jputg;ngw;Nwhypa thA (LP gas nghJthfr; rkay; NjitfSf;F Xu; vupnghUshfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ cau; mKf;fj;jpd; fPo;j; jputkhf;fg;gl;l Gug;NgdpdJk; gpA+w;NwdpdJk; xU
fyitahFk;. gpd;tUk; juTfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
gjhu;j;jk; 250C ,y; epakj; Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw
∆H0f (kj mol-1)

H2O(l) -286
CO2(g) -394
C3H8(g) -104
-126
C4H10(g)

i).250C ,y; Gug;Ngd; gpA+w;Nwd; Mfpa thAf;fspd; epakj; jfd ntg;gTs;Siwg; ngWkhdq;fisf;
fzpf;f.
ii).400g ePupd; ntg;gepiyia 250C ,ypUe;J 850C ,w;F cau;j;Jtjw;f;Fj; Njitahd ntg;gj;jpd; msitf;
fzpf;f. (ePupd; ntg;gf; nfhs;ssT 4.2j g-1 0C-1)
iii).G+uz jfdk; epfOk; vd;gij vLNfhshff; nfhz;L NkNy (ii) ,w;Fupa nrad;Kiw
Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;NghJ
I.Gug;Ngd; vupnghUshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLkhapd;
II.gpA+w;Nwd; vupnghUshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLkhapd; ntspNaWk; CO2 ,d; jpzpit ntt;Ntwhff; fzpf;f.
iv).NkNy (iii) ,y; cq;fspd; fzpg;Gf;F mika ve;j vupnghUs; kpfTk; #oy; NeakhdJ vd;gij
,dq;fz;L mjw;fhd fhuzj;ij tpsf;Ff. (2013)

14.nkd;dkpyk; HA apd; $l;lw;gpupiff;fhd ntg;gTs;Siw ve;jpug;gp juTfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

ntg;gTs;Siw ve;jpug;gp khw;wk;
. khw;wk; kj mol-1 jk-1mol-1
HA(aq)→A-(aq) +H+(aq) ∆H1= 1.0 ∆S1= 95.0
A-(g) →A-(aq) ∆H2= -200.0 ∆S2= -2000.0
H+(g) →H+(aq) ∆H3 = -1100.0 ∆S3= -1200.0
HA(g)→HA(aq) ∆H4 = - 150.0 ∆S4 = -100.0
i)thA mtj;ijapy; HA ,d; $l;lw;gpupiff;fhd rkd;gLj;jpa ,urhadr; rkd;ghl;il vOJf.
ii).thA mtj;ijapy; HA ,d; $l;lw;gpupiff;fhd gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; fzpf;f.
I.ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk;
II.ve;jpug;gp khw;wk;
III.300K ,y; fpg;]; rf;jp khw;wk;.
iii).300K ,y; thA mtj;ijapy; HA ,d; $l;lw;gpupifapd; RahjPdj;jd;ik gw;wp fUj;Jj; njuptpf;f.
iv).300K ,y; ePu; mtj;ijapy; HA ,d; $l;;lw;gpupiff;fhd fpg;]; rf;jp khw;wj;ij fzpf;f.
v). thA mtj;ijapy; HA ,d; $l;lw;gpupiff;fhd fpg;]; rf;jp khw;wkhdJ ePu; mtj;ijapy; mjd;
$l;lw;gpupiff;fhd fpg;]; rf;jp khw;wj;jpw;F vt;ntg;gepiyapy; rkkhFk;?

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(2014)
15).250C ntg;gepiyapy; gpd;tUk; jhf;fj;ijf; fUJf.
AB(s) →C(s) + D(g)
250C ,y; ∆H0f, S0 vd;gtw;Wf;fhd gpd;tUk; juTfs; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
∆H0f/kj mol-1 S0/ JK-1 mol-1
AB(s) -1208 100
. C(s) -600 50
. D(g) -500 170
i).250C ,y; ,e;j jhf;fk; RahjPdkhf eilngwhJ vd;gij fhl;Lf.
ii)ntg;gepiyahdJ T 0C I tpl mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,j;jhf;fk; RahjPdkhf eilngWk;. ntg;gepiy
T 0C I tplf; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,j;jhf;fk; RahjPdkhf eilngw khl;lhJ. T If; fzpf;f.
iii).Nkw;gb fzpj;jy; (ii) ,d;NghJ ePq;fs; gad;gLj;jpa vLNfhs;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(2015)
16).gpd;tUk; jhf;fq;fisf; fUJf.jug;gl;Ls;s ntg;gtpaf;fj; juTfs; epak epiyf;Fupad my;y.
∆H/kj mol-1 ∆S/J K-1 mol-1
. C(s) +H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g) 130 140
. CO2(g) + H2(g)→CO(g) + H2O(g) 40 50
i).2CO(g)→C(s)+CO2(g) vd;Dk; jhf;fj;Jf;fhd ∆H, ∆S vd;gtw;iwf; fzpf;Ff. ∆S ,d; Fwp MdJ
eilngWk; jhf;fj;Jld; ,zq;Ffpwjh vd;gijf; fhuzq;fs; je;J $Wf.
ii)NkNy gFjp (i) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l jhf;fk; 270C ,y; Rakhf epfOkhntdg; nghUj;jkhd fzpg;igg;
gad;gLj;jp vjpu;T$Wf. (2016)
17).(a) i). #upa xspAk; A vDk; Cf;fpAk; cs;sNghJ CH4(g) IAk; CO2(g) IAk; jhf;fk; Gupar; nra;J CO(g)
IAk; H2(g) IAk; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ,j;jhf;fj;Jf;fhf epak ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; x kj mol-1 MFk;.
fhupak; ePuhtpAld; jhf;fk; GuptjdhYk; Nkw;gb tpisTfs; Njhd;Wk; mj;jhf;fj;Jf;Fupa epak
ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wk; -125 kj mol-1 MFk;.
CO2(g) ,dJ epak Njhd;wy; ntg;gTs;Siw –394 kj mol-1
. CH4(g) ,dJ epak jfd ntg;gTs;Siw -800 kj mol-1
I).Nkw;gb ,urhadj; jhf;fq;fSf;Fupa rkg;gLj;jpa ,urhadr; rkd;ghLfis vOJf.
II).x ,d; ngWkhdj;ij fhz;f.

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18).X,Y Mfpad KiwNa xUtYf; fw;wad;fisAk; ,UtYf; fw;wad;fisAk; cz;lhf;Fk; ,U

%yfq;fshFk;. 250C ,y; mtw;wpd; ntg;gtpurhadj; juTfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.
,urhad ,dk; X(S) Y(s) X+(aq) Y2+(aq)

epak %yu; ntg;gTs;Siw / kj mol-1 0 0 105 -89

epak %yu; ve;jpug;gp /JK mol-1 42 27 72 -137

2X(s)+Y2+(aq) 2X+(aq)
i)250C ,y; Nky;Fwpj;j jhf;fj;jpw;F
I.∆𝐻0 If; fzpf;f.
II.∆𝑆0 If; fzpf;f.
III.∆𝐺 0 If; fzpf;f.
19).2 CO(g) + O2(g) 2 CO2(g) vDk; jhf;fk; njhlu;ghfj; jug;gl;Ls;s juTfisf;nfhz;L
tpdtg;gl;Ls;s tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf.
G0f CO2(g) -394.4 kj mol-1

G0f CO(g) -137.2 kj mol-1

jhf;fj;jpw;Fupa ∆S0 -0.188 kj mol-1 k-1

I.300K ,y; Nkw;gb jhf;fk; Gwntg;gj;jhf;fkhFk; vdf; fhl;Lf.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
II.300K ,y; Nkw;gb jhf;fk; RahjPdkhf epfOk; vd;gij ca;j;jwpf.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
III.; Nkw;gb fzpj;jypd;NghJ ePq;fs; gad;gLj;jpa vLNfhs;fisj; jUf.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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20).a).I).gpd;tUk; gjq;fisg; nghUj;jkhd rkg;gLj;jg;gl;l rkghLfs; %yk; tpsf;Ff.

i).G+Nuhkpdpd; epak mZthjy; ntg;gTs;Siw
(Enthalpy of Atomization)
ii).GNuhkpdpd; epak gpizg;Gf; $l;ll;gpupT ntg;gTs;Siw
(Enthalpy of Bond Dissociation)
iii).mnrw;wpf;fkpyj;jpy; eLepiyahf;f ntg;gTs;Siw
(Enthalpy of Neutralization)
II).mnrw;wpf;fkpyj;jpd; eLepiyahf;f ntg;gTs;Siwia fhz;gjw;fhf Ma;T $lj;jpy; elj;jf;$ba xU
gupNrhjidiaj; jUf.
ePqf; s; gad;gLj;Jk; vLNfhs;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L Fwpj;j fzpj;jy;fisr; nra;Ak; tpjj;ij vOjpf;fhl;Lf.
III).nghRgurpd; cWjpahd gpwjpUg;g tbtkhfpa p4 (ntz; nghRguR ) kpif xl;rprd; thAtpDs;
jfdkile;J p4O10 vDk; #j;jpuj;ijf; nfhz;l ntz;zpwj; J}isj; jUfpwJ.
fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s ntg;gtpurhadj; juTfisg; nghUj;jkhdthW gad;gLj;jp jug;gl;Ls;s FwpaPLfisf;
nfhz;L p4O10 ,dJ gjq;fkhjy; ntg;gTs;Siwiaf; fzpf;Ff.
p(g) ,dJ Njhd;wypd; ntg;gTs;Siw (∆Hf P(g)) = y kj mol-1
O(g) ,dJ Njhd;wypd; ntg;gTs;Siw (∆Hf O(g)) = x kj mol-1
P4(s) jfd ntg;gTs;Siw (∆HcP4(s)) = -z kj mol-1
P4O10(s) ,dJ 142.0 g ,id thAepiy mZf;fshf khw;Wtjw;Fupa
Ntg;gTs;Siw = a kj mol-1
(p=31, O=16)

21).(m) 298K ,Yk; 105 pa mKf;fj;jpYk; ngw;w ntg;gtpaf;ftpay; juTfs; rpy fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.
gjhu;j;jk; Fe2O3(s) H2(g) Fe(s) H2O(g)

∆H𝜃f /kj mol-1 -822 0 0 -242

S𝜃/j mol-1 K-1 90 131 27 189

i).Nkw;gb juTfisg; gad;gLj;jp Fe2O3(s)+3H2(g)→2Fe(s) +3H2O(g) vDk; jhf;fj;jpw;Fupa ∆H𝜃 IAk; ∆S𝜃
IAk; fzpf;Ff.
ii).5000C ,y; Nkw;gb jhf;fj;Jf;Fupa ∆G𝜃 If; fzpj;J mjd; %yk; 5000C ,y; jhf;fk; Rakhf epfo;tjid
vjpu;T$Wf.
iii).fzpj;jypd; NghJ ePq;fs; fUjpa xU vLNfhisj; jUf.

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22).gpd;tUk; juTfisf; fUJf.

∆HD (Cl –Cl)= +242 kj mol-1
∆HD (H –Cl)= +429 kj mol-1
∆HD (C –Cl)= +339 kj mol-1
∆HD (C–C)= +346 kj mol-1
gutpa #upa xsp Kd;dpiyapy; fz;zhbf; Fkpo; xd;wpDs; CH4 ck; Cl2 ck; xt;nthd;Wk; 0.1 mol
fyf;fg;gl;L jhf;fk; Gupa tplg;gl;lNghJ CH3Cl 80% ck; CH2Cl2 10% ck; CH3-CH3 10% ck; cUthfpaJ.
i).Nkw;gb tpisTfis cUthFtjw;fhd rkd;ghLfis vOJf.
ii).rq;fpypj; jhf;fj;jpd; Muk;gk; gb Fwpj;j miyePsj;ij cila fjpu;tPr;ir cwpQ;Rtjdhy; Muk;gpf;Fk;
,f;fjpu;g;gpd; miyePsj;ijf; fhz;f.
(gpshq;fpd; khwpyp = 6.626 x 10-34Js
. xspapd; Ntfk; =3x 108 m s-1)
iii).xt;nthU gbapdJk; ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wj;ijf; fhz;gJld; mjpypUe;J KOj; jhf;fj;jpw;Fkhd
ntg;gTs;Siw khw;wj;ijf; fhz;f.
(ROYAL COLLEGE)

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