P. A.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution)
Accredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC
Pollachi-642 002
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(Accredited by NBA) AC-12.2
2022-2023 ODD SEMESTER Rev.02
CYCLE TEST-I (A) ANSWER KEY 12.12.2019
19MEPC503- Dynamics of Machines
PART – A
1. What is free body diagram? Given an example.
A free body diagram is the diagram of a link isolated from the mechanism showing
all the active and reactive forces acting on the link in order to determine the nature of
forces acting on the link .

2. State the conditions for static and dynamic equilibrium.

1. The vector sum of all the forces acting on the body is zero. Σ F = 0
2. The vector sum of all the moments about any arbitrary point is zero. Σ M = 0

3. Define applied and constraint forces.

The applied forces are the external forces act from outside on the system
The constraint forces are the forces existing internally within the body

4. State D’Alembert’s principle.

D-Alembert’s principle states that the resultant force acting on a body together with
the reversed effective force (or inertia force), are in equilibrium. This principle is used
to reduce a dynamic problem into an equivalent static problem.
Inertia Force F = ma, F-ma = 0 Inertia Torque T = I α, T- I α = 0

5. What are the requirements of an equivalent dynamical system?

1. The sum of their masses is equal to the total mass of the body m=m1+m2
2. The centre of gravity of the two masses coincides with that of the body m 1l1=m2 l2
3. The sum of mass moment of inertia of the masses about their centre of gravity is
equal to the mass moment of inertia of the body. m1 l1+m2l2=m k2G

6. Define crank effort and crank-pin effort.

The product of the crank pin effort (FT) and the crank pin radius (r) is known as crank
effort or turning moment or torque on the crank shaft.
The force acting on the connecting rod perpendicular to the crank is known as crank-pin
effort.
7. Mass of flywheel of an engine is 200 kg and it has a radius of gyration of 760 mm.
The constant starting torque of the engine is 1300 Nm. Determine the angular
acceleration of the flywheel.
Given: Mass m=200kg, radius of gyration k= 760 mm= 0.76 m, T= 1300 Nm
 Solution:
We Know that, Inertia Torque T = I α
Mass moment of inertia I = m k2 = 200 * 0.762 = 115.52 kgm2
Angular acceleration α = T / I = 1300 / 115.52
α = 11.253 rad/ s2
8. Why rotating masses are to be dynamically balanced?
The high speed of engines and other machines is a common phenomenon now-a-
days. It is, therefore, very essential that all the rotating and reciprocating parts should
be completely balanced as far as possible. If these parts are not properly balanced, the
dynamic forces are set up. These forces not only increase the loads on bearings and
stresses in the various members, but also produce unpleasant and even dangerous
vibrations

9. State the conditions for complete balance of several masses revolving in different
planes of shaft.
1. The forces in the reference plane must balance, i.e. the resultant force must be zero.
2. The couples about the reference plane must balance, i.e. the resultant couple must
be zero.

10. What is meant by balancing of rotating masses?

The process of providing the second mass in order to counteract the effect of the
centrifugal force of the first mass is called balancing of rotating masses.

PART – B
11. A vertical engine is having the acceleration of the piston 105 m/s2 when the crank has
moved 45° from the inner dead centre position. The net effective pressure on the
piston is 0.35 N/mm2 and the frictional resistance is equivalent to a force of 600 N.
The diameter of the piston is 250 mm and the mass of the reciprocating parts is 250
kg. If the length of the crank is 150 mm and the ratio of the connecting rod length to
the crank length is 4, find: 1. Reaction on the guide bars, 2. Thrust on the crankshaft
bearing, and 3. Turning moment on the crankshaft.
12. (i). The lengths of crank and connecting rod of a vertical reciprocating engine are 300
mm and 1.5 m respectively. The crank is rotating at 200 r.p.m. clockwise. Determine
(1) Acceleration of piston, (2) velocity of piston (6)

(ii). Draw and explain the turning moment diagram for single cylinder 4 stroke IC
engine. (4)
13. A multi-cylinder engine is to run at a speed of 600 r.p.m. On drawing the turning
moment diagram to a scale of 1 mm = 250 N-m and 1 mm = 3°, the areas above and
below the mean torque line in mm2 are : + 160, – 172, + 168, – 191, + 197, – 162 The
speed is to be kept within ± 1% of the mean speed of the engine. Calculate the
necessary moment of inertia of the flywheel. Determine the suitable dimensions of a
rectangular flywheel rim if the breadth is twice its thickness. The density of the cast
iron is 7250 kg/m3 and its hoop stress is 6 MPa. Assume that the rim contributes 92%
of the flywheel effect.
14. A shaft carries four rotating masses A, B, C and D in this order along its axis. The
mass A may be assumed to be concentrated at radius of 18 cm, B of 24 cm, C of 12
cm and D of 15 cm. The masses of B, C and D are 30 kg, 50 kg and 40 kg
respectively. The planes containing B and C are 30 cm apart. The angular spacing of
the planes containing C and D are 90° and 210° respectively relative to B measured in
the same plane. If the shaft and masses are to be in complete dynamic balance, find:
(1) The mass and the angular position of mass A
(2) The position of planes A and D.