& NB 0:

Enquee 3

Largest load:smallest CNDIb

min-dimension:largest (rm /in)

8:
if deflection read is at middle:

then
S,
ty
is at
deflection red'd edge:

Or t
if

ooing toleft bring toRight

in

EF
dec/inc: height
Ubay. Among phorth
+1-:force
For moment Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
curves

<
 Three Mechanical Concerns:
Sept. 5, 2022
1.) Strength
↓
External Loads: Moment Rule:
1.) Stiffness
>Concentrated
3.) Stability
>Axial positive moment if: upward (rightward
Remember:
>
Uniformly Distributed if: downward leftward
"

EF=0 and SNI:0

>
Uniformly Varying negative
* in terms of direction
>Free body Diagram
10 kn /m

↓8-5100+

I
W2-W 1 =
10KN/m
8 + 10:18 m
2 I8mt 10 m

Area of - 1.067 --43=1013 3.333 ->

remaining
=
·

(10ckn/m) (18 m) 180kN length

(18-43)
=

Bi-8--E-way
8 Area of A: (10kn/m (110m) (2)=50KN

Ax ->

ay ↑
Bu
180KN 50k SFY = 0: Ay + By-180-58 = 6

by -am am + by -
3 A 0: =
-18019)-50 (14.667) +By(15)
1-14.66 7m - 1 -3.333 m-

By =
130.742 KN

12: 1.5
Right hand Rule:
10131:30KN = m
Ay = -

130.742 + 180 + 50

10131 (12): 15KN:1/3:/m =99.258 KN

5 A: -30( 1.5) -

1514) +
By 16)
By 17.5 KN;
=

Bx=0kN

Sty: -30-15+ 17.5 +

Ay = 0

Ay: 27.5 KN

[ MA: T(0.cm) -
8(2.45m) =
0

T = 30 KN

Ax =
-30KN

Ay = 8 kN

Simple stresses:
ratio of applied force divided by area

Force
⑦ :

Are a (signal
/ Uniform Stress

normal stress
shear stress

bearing stress
Bar 1(lox) than
stronger
Bar I
 same material → same
✗ properties

↳ constant cross section

* MPa
the
resultant of the applied loads
passes through
-

centroid of the cross -

section

-
section must be located at a distance

from the end of the at leat equal to

body
its min width .

Two
types :

bar
Tensile : elongate
compressive Shorten bar
_

solve upward / downward of cross section

Rod ':
Rod 2 :
↓P=44kN ↓ 44kW

→
1) di 15mm ←
27kN↓ 127
v
kN
15mm

↑F ,
30mm

EFY :O Sty :O
F , -44=0 Fz -44-21271=0

1=1--44 kN (c) Fz=98kN( c)

44%1000 )N " = Fz
=
9811000 )
g-, , =
-1+2 11-13012
At -1111512 4
RODZ : 4 02--138.64 NIPA (c)
01--248.99 NIPAH
support

Rodl : Rod 2:
↓ 70kW
↓ 70kW

1) di ?
↓
1) di -20.60mm
-

#
50 50
↑F ,
Fi : TOKNIC )
↑f ,

7011000 ) where 0-1=210

"
/mmz 1--2-70-21507=0
g, =
2
IT (d) 1--2=170 kN

4 17011000)
210 =

di 20.60mm
T(,d
dz : 32.11mm
 Fi Fz
Rodi :

4 2.3 0-1=51
.
At
2.5 3.
horizontal
2- 40.6811000)
130 Mpa
-

F×Y÷)
.

Td÷
✓
50kW de 19.96 mm

{ F×=0
" ◦ di

0z=F¥
'

1--1=40 -68kW
,

(2%525)=0
3.2 "" " 5° ""
Fz( ) FI
'

-
dz= / 6.13mm
22942 unknown
,g , }
,

~
{ Fy=0
0.81201--2-0.52991--1=0
Fz
(4%2) 1- Fi #g) -50 :O ( 0.58361--21-0.84791=1--501-1.3914

0.81201--2-0.52995-1=0 -1.70971=5--69.57
-
0.81201=2 1.17985-1=-69.57 F 40.69 40.68
-
= ≈
,

KN (sobs )
at × :O -5M
at ×: 1.6m

< ☐÷ > 1=1 ÑNÑ ) -431-81--1-2=0

43kV × :O .5m 1--2=15.8 KNIT )
12%075) -43+1=1--0
:
A- KKNIM normal stress
12kW /m F. =3 > KNIT ,
P=8kN 02=15.811000)
Normal stress
Q : 5kW <
37 KNIIOOO ) 4- ( 4072
0, :

4
0.8m
ñ(Y
1
=

" ° 'm =
12.5714Pa ( T )
-6m 29.441111Pa (T)
'

✗ =L :
Det reaction @ A:

Fixed : moment "

✗
perpendicular
vertical
horizontal

12
(2.5m) +81-5-12=0
12=43 KN
Normal : perpendicular
shear : pconnection
Bearing : plate

Double shear ! shear

shear stress ltangentia / stress) single shear :
Punching :

✓ =P / 2 Punched area =
slug
-

intensity of an internal force.br/-snearstress shearing stress in

p
acts on a surface that is parallel to the internal force .
' apioint it : H2 =
I
2=+1,2 ,
F-
¥=bᵗw(n, A 2A

produced when the applied loads cause one sec fails in two simultaneous
only fails in
locations
"
same material "
Ofa body to slide past its adjacent see
ONE location
↓P
-

transmitted from the axial member to the support by e- =

sheartorceltendstocvt) distributed on a transverse .

cross section of the pin .

✓ =p use areaofcuttscction B B

↳ applied load

E- Er

v. resultant shearing force

A- _
snearedareaparallelloshearforce ;

* pinlwnnection ) weak not

; plates r
 Example No -2 :
Example No .
3 :

Example no 1 : D= 10mm , stress-9514Pa rectangle

YYÑÑ
,

semi
Isomm tidmm
<
V. p
will fail here
circles perimeter thickness
1
go
[21801+117301]/9 )
>
A- =
< ↓P=55kN
✓
Where V :P = 2288.23mm 2

Double shear : &Fy=0 : 4v -55=0 if totaled :

multiply Reg :P
F- ¥= 2288.23--250
I Mpa
{ Fx O V V
5¥
-
:

if each divide
-

:
P 2v=0
-
95 =
A- P= 572.0612N
↑ 5514
✓ =P / 2
=

1612
95=172
IT (
P 14,922.56N
:
4
IT / 1012
1=68.39 MPa
4

Ab of base
Bearing stress : 0=¥, : area
Plate
> caused by contact pressure
between separate bodies .

not
Bolt is strong ; plates r

↳ connection

Ob =
dt ( n)

where n : no Of bolts
.

Example No / a.) Eb : ¥ b.) E- ¥ ↳

of rod head
=
: 39,760.78
+
.

① =

solid rod d : 15mm Find P first : ↳ solid rod 1173011121)

hole 20mm
passes through
=

225=1 = 39,760-78 = 35.16 Mpa

support plate
1- = 12mm 11-11572

4 117151110 )
rod head diameter a : 30mm

"
P : 39,760.78N
thickness t : 10mm = 84.4 MPa
normal stress =
22514Pa 39,760.78
Ob :

T] /
(302-202)
30mm "

=/ 01.2414Pa

→ hole i. 20mm

Px

↓ ✓
dblshear
'
Rx
Py > ←

↑
Ry

of pin
Det F , and support reactions Rat B d.) avg shear stressor > 40114Pa c.) bearing stress (support bracket) >
1651hPa

P :
7 KN , Q :
650 81--4=0 13.0611000) 2F=R F="ˢ
R F- ¥ 2
where 7=40 bracket)

-2¥
9=200 M
'
contact area : dofp.in ( 1- of
cap
b : 150mm V= 13.06 4
13.064000)
hori v. d Verti hid D= 14.42mm 0b= = 165
EMB :O
2
:
F. 10.15 ) / since -510.203=0
held)
bearing stress / bell crank)
.

b. -

> 100114Pa

1=1--8.46 kN F=R i. F. 13.06kW

D= 6.6mm
Rpg Rx 't Ry Ab dofpinltotpin )
'

&Fy= Ry
:

-
Tsin 65 :

☐
13.0611000 ) =/ 00
13.06 kN
= =

Ry= 6.34kW 8(d)

Among all d ,

{ 1=11--0 D= 16.63mm safest is 16.63

12×+7005650+8.46 ↳ minimum

RX 11.42kW :
P­
:
Inclined stress :
got
An =
A- =

cos -0 cos -50

N :
Past v. Psinlt
N : normal comp of P
=
28000550 = 214.49
✓ Tangential comp of P
=

=
179.98
0=50
179.984000 ) :/ 50 214.4911000)
F- 280kW 0:
¥,
=

9011-1 ≈=¥n =

901+7
=/00

Det An 00550
coggo
f- 15.32mm
t : 8.57mm
i. safest min thickness : 15.32mm

Allowable stress

* =

:¥!
Det support reaction forces :

{ MA -_ 0
mm
-

Cyl -2%9) -
(✗ (103.9231+121391160)=0
1205in 30=60 MM
where Cx&Cy :
c.✗
8.900145 / 8.95in 45

-30° 3%1200530=103 -923mm.

RBY =
12.741 KN

↑
{ Fx=Oi -

RB ✗ +6.293=0 { FY :O
;
"

freely sliding pin Cy

pin -

RAT 12.741-6.293
RBX =
6.293kW
= 6.448 KN

RB =
ÑÉ+RyT
FS in Pin A =
14.21 KN

RI 6.44811000 )
N
tact =
¥ =
A- Pin
=
=
82:/ Mpa
¥11012 Fs steel plate at pints
FS =

2g§_ = 3.4
g- =

¥, = 44.21111000 )
(6) ( lo)
= 236.8314Pa

→ given
FS in pin B :

(14%111000)
1--5--253%-83=2.24 P( 1.25 )
RB / 2
Madra , =

¥ =
=
= 90.46114Pa Steel Rod : 2
Apin > "°
¥11012 =

IT / 2012

FS 280 4
:
= 3.09
90.46 =
170,902N

Ofail Aluminum :
0.75 P
Tallow =
2
F. S = 35
1800
Steel : 680
= = 340141Pa
2
= 168,000N

Aluminum : :
¥ = 35114Pa
shear stress 1.25 P
dimensions : minimum =

Sheer stress
900-2
2
= = 4501111Pa " 5°
load : MAXIMUM in pin : ITC 1872
=

↑ { MA 183,217N
=
-_ 0 { NIB =D

FAC (2) P( 1.2$ )

FB (2) (0.7-5)=0
-

-
p
largest load
( 1. 25g
FAC =P Safe :
↑ FB =P (0-75)
2
z

P : 168,000N
Strain and Deformation :
( As well as other properties)
in PPT
concepts are .

Relationship between EiG&V

Shear strain : Hooke 's law :
Normal strain :
a- EE 1=64
G- shear- modulus

1-
any =¥- or
E modulus of
elasticity
:& mmmmimm
=

E '
MIME Poisson 's Ratio :
y
=

v= Poisson 's ratio

f- deformation ( DL) E. trans "
y= shear strain ✓ =

E Poisson 's Ration :

E
8s long (
-

L -
-

Original length = shear deformation t

) G ,
steel 0.25-0.30
2. ( Itv ) Concrete : 0.20

E trans → perpendicular
✓ =
-

E long → axis
}
1.5×10 4.545×10-3 mmm_m
-

flong
-

0.33 =
-

Elong
Etrans =
Ad -0.024mm 1.5×10-3:&
=
,
d
16mm
↓ d
,
sp
↑
F-
C-
E↳ normal strain / longitudinal)
=

= 7211000) 14.545×10-3 )
0=327.27 MPa

p p :
65,802.09N
327.27 MP
9=11-467
4

A) 15.711000)
on =
YI =

11-42.712

4
f= PIA
0=123.94 NIPA

b.) F- i a- EE

50.054-50
C.) Poisson 's Ratio : E =
= 1.08×10-3
50

trans for trans :

solving 123.94
long F- = = 114,759.26114Pa
→
0-0042 , .gg , , ,
-3.307×10-4
-

= 114.7590Pa
12.7

-
3 .
3307×10-4
0.306
-

1.08×10-3
 Axial Deformation : > load must be axial
>
bar must-have constant cross
section and homogenous
concepts are in PPT
> stress must not exceed the proportional limit
stress-strain diagram

E- Ee since t=¥{ e :{
✗ =¥É
Prob 2:
sample Probs :

1
'

Prob .

88 -10mm
-

Det internal force each member

ptrvnkation in

For rodz : For bar 1 :

Fi → P
{ Fx
←

=D 8Fx=0
P -52=0
P 1--1=0
-
-

Fz =P (T) F. =P (F)

For bart : For rod 2 :

For normal stress : For axial deformation f. # =
=
P( 450)
jz.PL =
Pctsoo )
* F-
(8) 1307170111000) FE
I 5011000 ) 501100017.511000) ¥122 (200×100)
g ,

*
= = 18014Pa f=AP¥= = 5mm
11-91 2006pA ( 1000 ) 2.6786×10-5 Pmm 5.7473×10 -510mm
=
=

d--21.85mm fit 82 If -10mm

D= 18.81mm
( inside) conversion
use is 21.85mm 2.6786ft 5-7473×10-510=10 .mn
safest diameter to
P= 118,681.68 N
Prob 3 :
For Rod 2 :
For rod I :( Point B)
8.2=(280001/1000)
① change of position %f= 0mm
P1
=°- " " 4mm

f. 11-3,22110×1000)
↳ _

=
parody
-

AE
↑
↑ 28kW 28
-

Pt
:
121=0 -
f tf
, ,
= 0mm "

9.4584×10"( P -280001+0.4974=0 mm
(p 48000N )( 1300 )
-

28mmol
- -

f- 801588.18N
.

-11-45,11>0×1000 )
↓"
1--2=28 KNCT ) .
B
"

Fi Fi 80,588.18-28000
:

Forrodl :
✓
↑ 28 { Fy=0
= -9.4584×10-6 / P 280001mm
-
:( t ) : assumption is correct

^
32mmol
28-7+1--1=0 A
↓
for -8 ,
" :
solving
"

Fi :p -2814
1^1--1 (C) -9.4584×10-480,588.18-28,000)
4=-0.4974 / deflection ) ↓ downwards

For rod -1 :

(20×1000112500)
f. =

30060×1000)

= 2.3810mm
Beam ABC is rigid ; "

internal Force : 2.38 Rod 2 :

Links 142 Will deform 4.44
✓
F.

↑" ↑ ,
f. y 8 , -8, =
( 35×1000 )(4000 )
,
1400mm
,←
↓ 55kW 450170×1000 )
1.4
E. MA :O
-

5511.4 )tFz( 1.4+0.87=0 /Y = 4.4444mm

1--2=35 KNIT)
"" + ° -8
&Fy=o To get deflection at B :
Fit 35-55=0
82-51
1--1--20 KNIT ) ft # Y
similar Ds Deflection :
By :

1=(82-51) 81+4
1.4 (1.4+0.8) 2.38101-1.3131

= 3.69mm ↓
4=1.3131 mm
 Indeterminate
Statistically
Axial Member loads :

81=82 88=0

Deflection =
y
Deformation = 8 Hi :[ it YB
J Lp: -

t.peflection = Deformation

{8 =
a ( gap ) Bart
Barr
: 81 :
YB l elongation ) :
§
: 82 :
Yc l elongation

1.) 8 ,
=
82 ( series )
2. a.
{ 8 :O
Deformation
Bar , :S , -
_

yplelongate) b. { 8 : a lgap )
F- avations :
Barz -8 , ye ( contraction )
§
:
-
-
3. a.
Fit member
.
that contracts
.

b.
§ = .

%
 Category 1 :
{ Fy :O 8s Sci -
_
- 0.8mm

Pst Pei -10=0

Pst Pci 191,637.15N
81=82 0.8mm:
p=ps+p , ;
=

For steel bar :

81¥ PCIGOOO )
£; =

fg ,
PL
=
1312000)
11-(602-502) (100×1000)
AE 1%50121200×1000) 4

↑Ps Ps =
157,079.63
Pci 34,557.52N
=

↑pci

Category La:
88=0
811-+85--0
0A
4%1=5024.8 psi
:

¥a¥a-+¥¥=o
E. Fx :O Rills ) ( -50,000 -
Ri )( 10 )
0s=- 43%97=21,859.501
= >si

+
P Ri Rz :O
- -
faint 8st=0 =°
1-25110×106 ) 2.0129×106 )
Det . internal forces
Steel :

6,281
'

:
Ri lbs
-

Aluminum _

R, ← → p ← Ps
← R, → Pa
50,000 Ps -
121=0
50,000-61281
-

PAIR ' ( T )
ps= -50,000 -
R, R2 :

=
43,719 lbs

category 3b :

4-

"

¥31
(T)
yk-io.FI
-

is
,f,
bit
may forces
By simas
:Y÷=Y÷
=

{ MD :O
)
$2 ,¥¥= 250001800
960170×10001=0.298
: MM
-

P( 2m) -
F, (1.61+25,00010-5)=0
F- 0.81--11-6250
0.298=-81
0.5 1--6 a.) 9=821645.3
158.93114Pa (c)
'

-0.9536mm 520
-

8 ,
:

-0.9536 = -Fi(600mm)- Tz= 251000

= 26.04141Pa (T)
5201100×1000 ) 960

1--1=82,645.3 Nlc) b.) C.)

y =
0.298 10=0.8 (82,645-3)+6250
2 0.5
P= 72,366.24N
Y' 1.19mm ↓
'
 "
↓
↑ 81--9=0
160 240 160
↑ ↑ 2pct Ps=W( 1)

Pc
Combining Eq 142
Pc Ps :

Oc
-_P¥ ,
=
TO 0s=P¥ ,
= 140 MPa
2pct 1. 48Pc=W

Pc
¥0 140
4¥
=
=D =
13=1.48 Pc = Pc
Too ,
P' =
6%000 i Ot ≤ 701411>91,
13=1681000 ps= 168,000
=
63,000N
Ps 1. 48163,000) Safe
=

0s =

8s = 8C 931240N ios ≤ 1401111Pa ,

=
113,513
Ps ( 240) Pcc 160 )
2163/0001+93,240 =W
=

1200 (200×1000) 190011120×1000) 126,0001-93,240 __ W 1131513

= 126.13>70
Too
Ps 1.481712 ) Not safe
219,240=1111
=

9.81

1111=22,3 -48.62kg

@ Fx :O :

Ri -

240+122 :O
Using deformation eq :

1225=240 -
Ri -

SALT fstt 8Br=0

( 7500 (150-17/250
Aluminum : Bronze :
_
Ri
+ + 240-1211350)=0
900170×1000) 20001200×1000) 1200183×1000)

R, > < PAL < > "2

PBR 121=77.60 KN

RI -
PAL __ 0
FAL -77.60kW
ppg , 122 (T )
-

.
R, = PAL Fst =
72.40kW

PAL ( C) FBR
: .

121 =
162.40kW

77.6011000 )
Steel : 0^-1=900 = 86.22 MPA

""° 72.4011000 )
Ost =
= 36.20141Pa
> s 2000
in Ps
→

0,3 = 162.4011000 )
135.331111Pa
^

P.s.tt, -150=0
, =
.
12000

13=150 R , -
→
Assume (T )
 Thermal strain and Deformation :

"

deformation due to applied loads

and temp change :

8--47--1=+9 LAT

Thermal contraction
produced tensile thermal
stress

48 -

,
=
2.5mm

{ 8=912 -5mm )
a) 8Th ) t fi (2) = 2.5mm

>
← Rz f- = AIDT
Ri
AICDT )L , 1- AID f) 12--2 -5mm

123.6×10 6) (DT ) 750 ( 17.3×10 b) ATC 1200) -2.5mm

- -

+ -

at
b.) normal stress 110°C > Cool ) → closed
F- 65°C i trinal =
65°C +5°C
kapagnag = 70°C
exceed → stress

c.)
E=¥E
Bart : Bar 2 :
+ ACAT )

-☐←,= ,
R→☐☐←Fz Bart :
1=2--12
R=FiCc ) Fi -1181229.82
( At )
a.
(23.6×10-41105)=0.0014
-

q
=
= + 1-
fwmPress ,
AIEI , go , ,gq ,ogg,
81=-121750 )
,
at 110°C + (23-6×10-91105,650)
AT
1600169×1000)
=
110-5=10500 Bar 2: 82=0.0023
=
-6.7935×10 -6kt 1.8.585 01=118,229.82
E. 8=2.5 mm no ,
axial thermal
82=-6.2176×10-612+2.1798 =
73.891111Pa (c)
8 :
Sept 8T = + ALAT
02=118,229.82
8 ,
t 82 = 2.5mm 1000

i. D= -118,229.82N =
118.23114Pa (c)
 rod 2 : DT : -40°C

rod , : AT =

3A :
category
"
¥ ,
0: ¥
FI

,
¥2
l -52 ✓

F. g. Eq :

E. MB :O : Assume 8 82
; 82=1.15-81
,
=

200
-1=11200 ) -

7-213501=0 350

F' = -1.751=2 fµ= VAC Deflection)

-
' ' 75£ :

¥¥ + At "

FYI : -81 : VA 1.7581=1%5%1

t 22.5×10-6150011-40 )
VA VC (161470×1000)
= -
_
82 = To
Too 350
;
1.75/-1.¥(751=21250 )
) 5%
(50011-40)
•
2%5×10
¥11614 > oxioogt
-

2471100×10010
0, 151022.18
1=2--8579.65 Nlt )
=

= 33.2 / cc)
¥ / 2412
,
(MPa) F, = -15,022.18N Wrong
assumption
Oz = 8579.65 ( l)
=
42.67 (t)
¥ ,
11612 MPa

{ f--0
• Sit 82 :O

Category 29 451768.67130-007+41.7×10 b) Good 1- DT )

-

¥1118) (200×1000)
>
→

21,884.3411500)
1251470×10001+23.6×106450011
"
+ .gg ,

AT -_ 50.14°C ( decrease)

computing for force :

&F✗ :O : 430 Fi
2.5 :

0 0 172 -

_
=
43,768.67
-

FI 1- IF , =
¥, ,g ,

0=172
Fh : 21=2
Fz
¥
2.5--2%-110--1,125,2=53996.12
.

Fz = .
-

Fz : 43,768.67
0=110
2

= 21,884.34N
0=44.582110 ✓
Review Problems :L Q1

net area gross

area
← ←

a.) Double shear C.) normal stresses in plates ! using gross area

≈=¥¥+= É¥§)2
5-
Pz I
1¥ z.gg?.g--3.27ksiA=wt
=
V = = 5 kips 0A -
_ =

b.) The
bearing stress
For plate A : d of bolt 0b=¥b =3 %) = 5.08 Ksi
1- of plate
in plate A&B
Obit
¥%=§, [using :]
=
net area
= 18.3 Ksi
, A- net :[w -
nd ]t
"
plate
•

B : "
Plate B :
higher stress Plate A :

]
¥b gq ,
28.4 Ksi 5- 10
6.18 Ksi
3.98 Ksi
= = = =
= =

would be more ( 3. 5. g) (E) ( 3. g- g) ( ,

)
critical

Formula for tri -

axial
02
v. 0.30
29000 Ksi
EX :

0¥ V&¥ V-E-
-

F- 29×104 psi
=
=

or
Oy :
P¥= {% = 5 Ksi (c)
Ex vcoytoz )
y=
1¥ =

35,42, = 9 Ksi (T)

=

¥(o✗ -

X:

triaxial deform
=
¥, =
Gksi ( t ) Ey -

Eloy -
vlñt0I )

Formulates Wrt strain

PI
Ez =
¥ ( Oz -
v( 0×+09 )
E. =
¥ [ Oy
-

Vloztox ) ] 0×=P¥ =

412 )
= 31.67

1-
=
[ -5-0.319+6 ) ]
29000 Px =
253.36 Kips (T)
= -3.275×10-4
F- F- E 0--1.092×10-3129000 )
Etat
v, _

31.67 # i
=

Eiong / normalstrain

EY 3.275×10-4
Ey 1.0924103
-

= =
-
=

0.3
-

0.3
 "
"

y 6
e

4-11-41
1-
-11-4-1vw
E. Mc :O : 8A -813 -

PACY)tPBk8 ) -660040) -

4 8-

PA _
.
16500 -

2Pb 813 -28A

-

311=16,500 ZPB
-

Pbl-13=2 [Pata]

3pb= 66,000 -

8Pb = Pb /6) =
21Pa)(4)

11 Pb 661000 3Pb
Pa
: =

4
Pb -6,0001T )
= 316,000 ) Pa
=

4
=
4500 lbslt )

{ Fx :O
Al
48=0
:

B) →
4- PAI
Ri (15in ) Rt 1- 501000C " ) 6.5×10-611011620)
R, =
PAL (C) -
+11.8×10"( ' 5) ( 60 ) -
+ = O
ix. 3129×106 )
St :

131=11,183.25
> → < Ps PAL : 11,183.251C)

Pst = 61,183.25 (C)

Ri 1- 501000 Ps -0
-

13--1211-540004)
 Long Quiz 2

of Beams:I concepts
Equilibrium are in PP5)

internal shear forces

internal beam forces

Shear and Moment Ea:

require one ea. for every change in

loading.
# puilibrium Method/Direct Method
3
I L

Shear:

Steps:
Moment:
 roller combination :
pin { IMD :O : 3016 ) -

RB (51+5012)=0
A B
I
1213=56
-

2 3
kN
B- C
81--9=0 : -301-56-50+1210=0
c- D
RD -24kW -

81=4--0

From A to B : ✗ from Oto 1m From B to C :X from Into 4m

130 × ≥ ! v.
eq :
↓ ✗
1 V -

eqlkN ) : VAB : -30kW i

,

( x 1)
-
1 VBC : -301-56
¥ eq(
A M -
KN -
m) : , ≤
, 26kW
✓
! MAB -_
-30 ✗ KN -

m M -

ea :

MBC :
-30×+561×-1 )

MBC : 2611 -56kW -

m

From Cto D:
×
VCD :
-30+56-50
↓ ↓ It ÷ -24kW
A ,

1-
¥1 ×
3
- l
1¥41 Mea :
a
1
McD= -30×+561×-1 ) -501×-4 )

= -

30×1-56×-56 -50×1-200
=
-24×1-144 KN -
m

-90014) 60118 )( 9) + Rc( 12) 40048 )

'

MA
- -

RC
=
11710 KN

&Fy= -

-900 -601181+1710-4001-1217=0
DA : 670kW

From A to B :X from 0 to 4ft ; From B too ; ✗ from 4 to 12ft :

✗

↓ ↓ ↓ ! VAB -_
670-6011 ↓
6019ft
↓
↓ 9001-5×12
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ I 435-670-60×-900
↑ "
MAB
=
-230-6011
Roi 4ft
=
670×-60 ✗ (E) ✓ 4ft -1 l
"
×
-

y MBC -670×-60×(5.79001×-4)
-

670×-30×216
=
lb ft-

-3600-230×-30×2
-

/ b- ft

From Cto D: ✗ from 121018ft

9001 concentrated) I
↓ ↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓ ↓ I VCD : 670-60×-900-11710

↑-4ft /
18ft I
/ -
! MCD :
1480-60×16
Ro
610×-60×1×-2) -9004-411-17101×-12 )
'

× -16,920+1480×-30×2 / b- ft
X -
4 (11-12)
 = IKN Im For D:SMC=0:

⑪
= bn[5) N -

EC2)(3)(1)-2(5712.5):0
M 28 IN-m
=

v = 0
10
- O
SFy 0: =

1-215)
-

*(2) (3)
10
-
10
-

R= 13 KN
-
-
13

N0 =

zkNf m From Ats B:

↓ ↓ ↓ I ↓
X from 0 to 2m:
-

Vea: -

2x

Mea:- 2x(E) I

p3
= -

X
PI
: I Moment arm
A 5x2):
W

-> Get from sim DS:

y
↓X-2f
From B to C:
=
(x-2) y =
E(x-2)
x from 2 to 5m;

v e9. P1 =
-2x

PC: *(x-2) y (Ebh)

moment arm
~BC=-2x- E (x-2)-1x-2) Mea: in wh
2(X) (E) -

ECx-2) E(x-2) 5(x-2)

UBC: - 2x-
5(X-2)"kN -

-
XF-*(x-2731-m
 10

&> MD =
-
R, C5 ) C014) (3) +
+ E(3)160LC
RI 84KN
=

"
S4 & Fy:0 Rc +84-2014) (3) 1603
AP4-
O R2 =
86KN
30 137.32 so-"
20
SE

X
VA = 84kN Area:

VAB = 84-20(1) # I = (84 + 64)

I
(1)
↓ I 1 I ILICONNIm
=
G4 =
TPKN-m

UB =
64+0 :
64 Az = 86 (1)
(X-1)
= to
BC: 64 +

(-20-803 13) = 86KN-M &=20(X-1)

-
86KN (2nd Deg) From BC: x from 1701m

vc 86 IN
V-e9: 84-204- * (x-1)(203(X-1)
-
=

UcD =
-
8640 =
=
86 -
SP-20x. 10(X-1)"= 0

UD= - 86 +86 = 0 X from pt.

=
A

M -

eg:

M-diagram: & 4X-CO(x)(E)

-

*Cx-1)20(x-1) EC-1)
= 84x-10x" -

50 (x-273
NA= 0 MAB:OfA = 74KN-M

MB:0 solve for x from v.ea for B to C with x from

MBX= 1 to 4 m
Use NBC -

eg for x = 2.72 and 4

BC: 84-20x-10(x-1) :

MBX 84C2,72) 1012.72)2

=
-

10(2.72-1)3
= Mx

137.53 IN-m & 4-20x- 10(x-1) = 0

X 2.T2O
MxC
=
=
Mc =
0424)-10(4): (4-1)3
St Mis max at zero shear so determinex when UBC 0
=

McD 80-80 MBC= 84X-1042-10 (x-1)"

=

:O

Umax -86kN =

M max = 137.53KN
& 2.T2 from pt. A
& MA=0:

-
2014) (2) -

ECsC+ RoC5)
2 D=
 (3+1+1)
MRe = 1200 + 100(6) (5) -R3(b)

RB =
300 b

SFy= 0:
-

10026) + B00 + RE =
O
RE =
300lbs
-

Shear and Moment Diagrams:

(Another Technique)

Shear: Moment'
 dec/ inc: height
+ 1-: Are a
& MA = 0: -100 (12) (b) -800(9) + R2 (12): 0
R2 = 1200 lbs For moment

SFy = 0: R1 + 1200 -
100(12) -
800:0 curves

R1 =
800 lbs <

sou
Moment Questions
-

(lb) zero shear Shear Questions:

Al I -X
9 I

v:O * 1
ph?
⑧

1) Is there a concentrated force? 1.) Is there an area under

sood
-

from
As 2)Is there a distributed load one
my shear
diagram?
point to another

go-
(lb -ft) =--1200
M: O

For the V-diagram:

Determining x: zero shear For the M-diagram: Umax = -

1200lbs
VA: R 1 = 800 lbs
MA O
st: 9
=

Mmax= 3200 lb-ft

VAB 800-10019) MAx= Al=3200 lb-ft
=
0 +
:-
100lb S X = 8ft & 8ft from pf A.
Mx = 3200 +0 = 3,200 lb-ft
VB =
-

100-800
Area under shear diagram:
:-
900 lbs M xB = 3200 -
Az
Al: [x(800) =3200 -
50 =
3150 lb-ft
VBC=-900-10013) ·[(87 (800) = 3200 lb-ft
MB
= 3150+0 = 3150/bs-ft
=-
1200 lbs
A2 =
119-x) (100) #BC =
3150 -

3150 = 0
vc ==
1200 + 1200
·

[(K ( 100) 50 lb-ft MC

=
= O
:O
#s (900 + 1200)
=
3150 lb-ft
should equal to
=
↳ zero
2

at last point

SMA: 0: 25-10 (57 (4.5) + R2 (5)=0

R2 = 10 KN

&NID: 8:
o 20
I 0 Sty= R1+40-10(5) =
0
0o I

10 I0
R1 =
10KN
As Az A5
CKN) 3-X I

i
V=O *

Ad
o
10_
Umax =
20KN
Co-
m) Mmax=-20KN-m
Cln
-
= a+ pt. D

is
-zo-

For the V. Diagram: Area under shear diagram: For the M-Diagram:
VA R1 = 10KN
MA: O
=

MAB = O +A 1
=
10KN-m
A: Az =
10(I) 10kn -m
VB = 10KN VAB = 10 KN +0= 10
=

MB = 10-25 MBC 15
== (x) (10) + Az
= -

As =
5kn -m
Vc = 10 IN VBC = 10 +0 =10KN :- 15KN-m -
15+10 = -
5KN-m

VCD
Ap = 23-x) (20)
=
MC =
-5 + 0
UD -20 + R2
=
=
10-10 (3) MCX = .5+ A3
:- 5KN-m
=- 20KN
:[ (2> (20) =
5+ 5
20 +40
-
= -

MX = 0 0 0
=20KN-m =
+

=O
=
20 KN VDE= 20-10(2)
O
-
A5 =20kn-m MD = 20 -
+0 MXD = 0 -

A4
=-
20KN-m =0 -20
Determining x: zero shear
= 20 KN-m
ME
-

a+ pt. D =
0 +O

F =
3.x =O MIDE =
-20 + As
=-
20 + 20
X = I m
=
O
 &MD = 0:
M
1000(8)-500(D) x 400(41) (2) -
M =0
↑C

M= 8200 lb-ft
R

Sty= 0: R+500 -
1000 -
1100(4) =0

/b) &
R=2100 lb s

ToTo 8o
-50%o 50j

I u
-

2100lbs
Umax= -2100KN

Mmax = -

8200KN-m
(16 -f +) G ↑
o
2 c

M = O at pt. D

zoi0
-3000

-
8200

For the U. Diagram: For the

Area under shear diagram: M-diagram:
VA = -
1000lbs UAB = -
1000 +0
A= 1000(2) = 2000 lb-ft MH = O
VB = 1000 =
- 1000 lbs
+ 500
-

Az 500(2) MAB =
0-H 2000 lb-ft
:-500lbs UBC:-500+8
= =
100093-ft 1 =
-

= -
500 lbs
As MB= - 2000 +0=-2000 lb-ft
(50012100) (21)
Vc =-500 + 0 =

:-
500 lb S VD=
= 5200/b-ft
500 400(K) MB C 2000-A2
=

2000-1600
-

= -
=-

=- 2100 lbs =-
3000 lb-ft
VD = -
2100 + R
Mc = -
3000 10 -3000 lb-ft
=-2100 + 2100 =

=O McD=-3000 As -
= -
3000 -
5200

*zero shear at =-8200 lb-ft

Pt. D
MD = -
8200 + M
=-8200 + 8200 = 0

Stress
Bending in Beams:
 Sample Prob 1:

=1 000

3
100x
=

of the may flextural stress

a) magnitude/location
Ofmax 1 6000(100075-32Mpaaton
=

=
is

↳
i
It 12
Mmax -
=

250 (6) 3
=-60000-m

Ma 0 =

Max Of Al =

Mmax: *NOL) (L) 3WoL" =

=
No (5)2 =
200/WoN-m

Al OF max 20 No (1000)
=

130
From cross section = Az
9.5 MPa
140 (2601]
Moment of Inertia I=
sons. Cons 12

of max=5(1000) MPa =6068.

79N/m
= 20

O h3

h 156.93
=

m
-
 S= 162x100 N-mm

S mm Mmax
= 205
OF
=
190.24x183 mm3

W250 x 67
310 x 60 check the second no.

360 x 51
most economical;
410 x 60
W300 x 51
400 x 52
 centroid:
Det. section properties
300mm flange
d =
450mm 25 mm

bf 300 mm
=

0 450-25=425mm

#x = 25mm web/stem
t =10mm 33050
10 mm 150 -

5= 19.493 mm
Top-Moment of Inertia:

+ 50 (1.9) -
50 (1.2) -

13013.2) [2.5) +Rp(42)

-

90(5.6)
RD 371.3GKN
=

R B
=

134.68 KN

1.2
184.68 184.68 90 90
1.2

134,68
33. 2-X
50
⑱
-
~50 X
3.2 O
1.9
-

281.32
196.38. Bending stress at max positive moment
-> y-bottom
196.38) (100057330.507)
166.62
~
Of
= CT)
O O
2 83,295, 490.07

219.11 MP9 (T)

=

- 95 Y-to p
->
-105
<196.387 (1000) (119.493)
"

Of
=

3.2-X
=

134.68 281.32 196.38-

283, 295,490.07
=
x 1.036
=

m 82.83 MPaLC)
NI max 196.38KN.m
=

3 4.68 ( 1,036) E
moment
Bending stress at max negative
The max tension bending stress: 229.11 MP9 at 4.14m -> y-bottom
from pt. A Of
= 1087 (100057330.507)
(2)
120MPaCa)
=

MPG at pt.D
The max compression bending stress:120 2 83,295, 490.07
Y-to p
->

3(1000) (119.493)
"

&f =
(/108
Positive Moment:bottom is T;top is C
> Notes =
45.55MPa (H)
Negative Moment:bottomise;
top is + 283, 295,490.07
Sample prob :

Bending stress atct ) Max M :2Wo

fiber : ""
at top of Ye at bottom fiber Myc
-_

I
: of =

80 =
2Wo( 200m) ( 100072 40 = 2Wo(80 ) ( 100032

30×106 mm4 30×100

Wo =
7.5 KNIM
No = GKNIM

i. Safe Wo = 6kW /m
'

Neutral axis ]

sample prob :

Positive Nlmax : 1. OP lb ft-

Negative Nlmax = -1.510lb ft -

(C) -1.512.5in)( 12in / ft )

(T )
at top fiber :(1. OP )( 2. g-☒ ( 12in / ft ) Of =

= 10,000 psi = 4000 Psi

192in 4
192 in 4

P=
P =
261666.67 lbs
64,000 lbs

C- OP )( 4.0in),( 12in / ft )
(T)
1. 5) ( 4.0 )( 12in /ft)
(c)
At bottom Of =
f-
=
4. ooopsi 10.000 Psi
fiber : =

safest '1.92in " 192in 4

p :
16,000 lbs

F- 16,000 lbs P 171066.67

=

lbs

shear stress in Beams : E- ¥ , a- -

Ay

use smaller area

Q= bh2
8
→
rectangle

junction
( ( w/ shear)

Hear
"

Yue !
 ↑=vo

1=/(same shear stress)

v L0kN
=

b =
80mm

8011603 (busin
F =

mm Y
27,306,606.67

= 112,000 mms 192,000 mms 240,000 mm? 256,000 mms

at 20MM: at 40 mm: at 60mm: at 80 mm:

m =
2.05MPa M = 3.51MPd M= 4.39MPa M 4.69
=
MPa
max

At 20mm from top: At 60mm from top:

-

& 80 (20) (70) 112,000mm3

:
=

Q= 801603 (50) = 240,000 mm?

Or
1,20 60
+ ↳30 10
+

Yu
=80 (140) (10):112,000 mms
100
↳ 80- 1
-

250
NA
I
80 mm At 40 mm from top:
At 80 mm:

I R = 80 (40) (60) 192,000 =

mms
Q
80180)(410)= 256,000
=
i
&) mm
40 + 4o

13.0 + 60.8

MB:0:
- 200KL) (E) +
RACL) 0
=
RA 100L
=

A Sin
SFy 0. =

100L + RB-200L=0; RB 100L

=

100L- 10

~A RA 100L
= =

UAB 1001
=
-

2001
Y
=
0
=
100L
UB
-

=
- 100L + 100L

- O

100 L
Umax 100 L
=

Evp: goingsmall PIO.GinG QNA.8(5)(2.5)

52 in 3
-

GCULCL)

Big:
& in

5 in
2.5 in
m =
1
100L (52)
8-6 80pSi=
= 410.67(2)
Small I
Gin
:1 in b 12.6 of
=

2 in
Hin
b 25 =
= 2 in
Sample Probs:< 1Gz@s?)

& MA 0. =

-U (6) (3) +
RB(6) 0
=

11 1 1 1 12 in each

RB:3N
~I I I I

""" i
glve & FY 0: =

3W
10
v 0
= At3W -
GW 0
=

V= 0 O

X 6-X RA=3W
--
3W
4) 5W

"
M0 =

solve for X'

X 6-X
# or the V-diagram: =
Umax= 3Wbs
Sn 3x
Mmax= 4.5W 163-ft
VA: 3W X =
3 ft
UAB -
=

32
↓ -

X: 3ft
UB 0
=

Area under shear diagram:For M-diagram:

↑A= 0
A : x3W
AX:Ot A,
=E313U) Mx 4.5W 50
=

-
4.5W
- 4.S'
~
4.5W Az =

MXB 4.5W Az 0
=
-
=

↑B 0 =

f 6 (1013
- A = 500 in
-

12

b = G in safest w 1250
= b 1 ft

At 4 inches from top

(considering glue)
&=6(4)3=72in34 lang Kasi
& It I by
2inchsanare Consider flexture stress in wood
SWCT2):90
VE,
N
1:
#t extreme fiber
50016)

=10/2
1250 1b) ft Of:1
W =

5in

#+ neutral axis
(considering wood)
&= 4.5m 1b-ft 15 in) (12 18+)
in

3
&=615) 2.5= 75 in
500 in 4
I
5. 2

1
=
3WC75): ROpsi W 2222
=

1175
500 (6)

N 1000
1b/ft
=
 & MA 0
=

5(1) +2+Rp (3) 0

=

D=1 KN

Sty 0:
=

if moment is to

& RA -
5 -> he
right, sign is

&A 4
=
KN ↑ ositive (rice versa)
5 IN
& KNm
I m A

A 3)
C For V-diagram: Area:

Im
a ImID Un= R=4N A : 4(I) 4 =

↑
Az= 1C1) 1 As
VAB= 4+OKN
=
=

00 UB 4-5: =
-7
4 4
UBC =
1 + 0 1
=

A l shear
>zero VC: 140.
v= 0
-
-
7
AC As
rop= 140=-1
-
I -I -
I
00 00 VD 1 1
=
+
= 0
4)
3

10
Umax= HKN
10
I

10
For the M-diagram: Mmax: 4KN-m
↑A = 0
MAB:Of Al 4
=

MB =
4+0 4 =

NBC 4.Az = =
3
M C 3.2:
/RN-m
=

↑XCD:1-AS 0 =

D:0

INA b (b)3 ~ safest is 144.22"mm>

ble =

b
NA- -
- .
. .

12

bl2
b
QNA: bLE
C=b/2
& hear bending
or t
Of= Nc 4(1000) "(E)
=

8
=

- 4(1000) = 1.0
12

"(b)
b 144.22
= mm
b 77.46 =

mm
 & MA:0:
-60(2) +Rz (b) -

30(T):0
Rz = 55 KN

& FY 0:
=

R, + 55-60-30

RF 35KN

of t
00

35

v= 0
Max v =
35
Max M TU
a
=

o
10 10

38
-

VA 35= Area under shear: ↑A 0 =

↓ AB 35+0 =
0
=

*IAB:OF TO= TOKN-m

UB
=35.60 25 Al 35(2): TOKN-m
=
*B = 7010 =
70kN m
UBC =
-25+0 = 0 #c =
2524): 100KN-m ↑ IBC: 70 -

100:- 30KN-m
Uc=-25+55= 30 #S 30
=
(1) 30KN-m
=

*C =
-
30+0 =
30
cD= 30+0:30 30 30:0
↑ (D =
-
+

Up= 30,30 =
0, MD 0
25]

ps
=

go

- 27.5044) F252 =
162

from 0 to 1m From CD:x from 4506 m

From A to B: x

v 31.50-54
49.50KN
"
=
v
&
=
= -
22.50KN
A B C D #
M1 =
119.50 xKN-m M= 31.50x736 -

54(X-4)
31.50x+ 36-54X+216
From B to 2x from 2 to 4m
: -
22.50x + 242

v 49.50-18
=
KN

:31.50kN From D to E: x from 6 to 8 m

M=
49.50x -
18(X-2) v =
-22.50-36
49.50x
-

18x + 36 1so
~
58.50kN
5
Z
3 1.50 x 36
I M 22.50x 180 36 (x-6)
= -
+

31.5 126 ↓
=
-

58.50x + 390
36
12 6.0
b
11
2
16Z I
X
 Quiz
Long 3:

"Twisting moment" Torsion

-twisting effect that produce torsional shearing stress

Assumptions:
applied perpendicular to axis of the

bar. (In torsion) -circular sections remain circular

-plane sections remain plan and do not warp

-projection upon transverse section of straight parallel radial lines remain

straight.

M.
TP amax:
Tr

(in radians) (w)

in English, T =
63,000 felbinChp>
Sign Convention:

internal torque: acts in right-hand-rule

positive a
positive angle of twist: right hand rule

Sample prods: rad to deg (180); deg to rad (r)

ximax ↓
E

Th
Tmax=16 T 8 =

6 C Power transmitted at 2012:

#D3 [max =
16T
80 MPa
=

:
(15 kip-f+)(3f+) (12 in/f +)
"

TD3 P=27f T
:16 (15 kip-ft) (12 )
(4 in)" (12x10"ksi) 2,000) 24 (2012)
(4in)3 i
T

=
80 TT DE

10
N-mm is
I max:14.3 Ksi
8 =
0.021 rad (180 ( P =
5,187, 606.2w/5.19 MW
1,203
0
8:
Th = (801D3) (5x1000 mM

poco)
·

#DY (83x1000) MP
a

D
138 mn

D C B A

800 (1100900, < 808

JS

2 3 2

Det internal torque per section: CCW:dblarrow to left: negative

CCW:dbl arrow to left
CW=dbl
CW=dbl arrow to
arrow to
right: positive
right
7

&Total:[(f) per section

Section DC: section BA

Section (B:

D
TDc=800N-m CCCN)
80 0 TB A
<100 900,
<
s c >
80 0 >
> <100 <>

8 oo D: 50mm
TB =
300N-m CCW)
800 TPC: 800 -

1100 + 900
-

TBA: O 6: 280 Pa
O
-

800 -
1100 + TCB: O
TBA = G00 N-m (CCW)
TDC= 800N-m (CCW) TCB =300 N-m (CW) TBA = G00 N-m (CCN)
negative positive
negative

8: 317.1) j
to convert
N-mtommisa
10002
1.80012) 30013) 600(2)
[c50mm(+28(1000)
=
+ -

Nip
a

8
= -
0,110G rad

i. 3.340 (C2w rotation)

 i
Al:

is
it

-> itin
Tal -F = 0 TSt. 2T -T =
0

start at free end Tali T (CW)

Tt= 3T (CW)
Eal= 16 Ta)
55
1b(37)
16 T
-
Est =
834ea
Emax:
#

(40) 3
DE
#

Tal = 691, 150.38 N-mm F= 679,0212.16 N-mm

& O =
Eal+fst =
6
"

TalLal, Tst1st=6 "(ol

Jal Gal Jst Ost
Max allowable torque: 679,042.10N-mm

·
GUUOUSTCar.000 = 6 "7 o)

T =
757,302.25 N-mM

Sample probs: indeterminate structures:

Det into torave per section:

Sec DB) Stee 1)
C
view from TA + 300 700
right side: + + TS 0

"
-

s
it Fst
~

Tst =
TH-1000N-mCCW)

Sec AC (Bronze)
See CDL Aluminum)
c
98: O

i 8 it
TA Tbr 0
TA
-

+ =

+ 300 + Tal: O
-

Tor: TA N-m CCW)

Tal= TA-300 N-m (CW)

Bronze Aluminum
steel
(2000) (1000)
TA
8
(TA-300) (2000) (1000)
-
(TA-1000 (2500) (1000)
(2534235x1000)
= O
# ECSO("(28x1000)
*(25)"(83x1000)

16 (342.96) (1000)
TBr=
3
I(25)

TA= 342.96 N-m (CW)

=
111. 79MPG

TBr= 342.96 N-m

↑ [al= 16(42.96) (1000)
Al: 342,96-380 = 42.96 N-m
(50)
# 3

Tst = 342,96 -

1008: -657.04N-m
1.75 MIPa
=

Ts+ = G5 7.02 N-m (CCW)

16 (657.04) (1000)
[st =

T(25)3

214.16 MPa
=
 2N 0:
T Kip-ft
=
=
12

> I x < > S or 12000 lb-ft R

A + R2-12000 = 0

R C=12000-R A

>TBU
Ofist
R
A
>
RA-TBr = 0 R
A
> is
Tbr= R A

RA -T+ Ts 0
t br=16TD0=16RA (12 n1f+) 8000 ps;
=

=
Dor3
#

Tst 12000-RA but for eaD) Rc =

12,000-RA
Dyr3
#
=

Tst = RC
RA= 8000 4Dbr"
Lea2)
16 (12) 16Tst 16Rc (12 in
1 ft)
Tst =

#Ast
3 Rc= 62.5 HDs+3 (eg 3)
Dst3
#

RA (G) (Rinift)" RC(4) (12 in/ft)

2

From e91: R2 12000

-
= -
RA

(Dor)" (6 x100psi)
*
(Dst) "(12x100psi)
#

6 2.54 Dst3 = 12000 -

500H.Dyr3
12
00Dpr3
5 (G) (12) ": 61.5TDst>(4) (12) >

62. 5TTDs + 3=12000

5002Ds+3
(Dor)" (6 x100psi)
-

* (Dst) "(12x100psi)
#

12

Dor: 2Ds+ Dst 2. 13 in

(294)
=

D
br: 212. 13] =
4.26 in
 Thin walled pressure vessels

only formula for spherical

x

Longitudinal Stress lends of tank)

transverse section
considering &F: 0
p into pressure
S F =
PT
A :
wall thickness
O =
PP
D: inner diameter
4) t

Bursting Force: F: PAC." >Acts parallel to longitudinal

axis

Resisting Force:PT = 0+ Awall (perimeter xt)

TD (

Tangential Stress (sides of tank)

& F= 0

p into pressure F
: 2T
A :
wall thickness

D: inner diameter
Ot: PD
2t

Bursting force: F =
PACDL) >acts tangent to the surface of cylinder
Resisting force: T: Of A wall (F1) failure is along long; sec

1)
Sample Problems: 23

8000 = PC4X12)

a.) OF =
P:
4.5N1mm" (400mm) · 45 MP9
1) (E) in)
2220 mm)
45/2
↓ P= 208.33 pST
02 = PD= 1.5 N1mm" (400)
= 22.5 MPa
4) t
4(20 mm) 3.)
b.) 120 = $1400 P(400)
120 =

of 2120) On 4(28)
D =
22 ft D: Uh
D: 12 MPG P = 24 MPa
Wt= 1/2 in Ot =
p(22x12) = 2000
12 MPa
safe internal pressure: tangential 5 =
G000psi 2 "/ 2)

8 = G2. 4 16/ft3 P=22.73psi-psf

c.)
bursting force will cause failure along
longitudinal section of pressure vessel 22. 731 (12
in)==3273.121/f+2
in ff2

3 273.12 = G2.4) 161ft3 (n)

4.)
h= 52.454 ft

7 =
1/8 in

intp=125pST

Longitudinal Stress: P=0c <pxt)

P: 0. ((2f+ 5(1.5)] (12 in1ft) (tin)
[(1.5) 27(12 in)
2
2f+
[(1.5 f1)
+
F: 125 (2f +) +
+

F= 85,800.62 lbs P: 13,068 02

85,808. 62: 13,068 02
Bursting force
02: 6566.09 psi
Circumferential Stress:

125(72 (m) L
F

= +
0.75(2))
F
= 5250(Ib >

5250
= 202 (5in) X
Ot: 21,000 ps;

Stress Transformation:
stress at a point

Important Equations:(192)
=

nt=

Eight
-

Ftn = f

f CCN fr +X-axis
CW
+X-axis
-

fr

(4,25)
(3)

(b)
 1798) Sample Prob:

0,102

⑧
CON-2)

Imax
ES
Ot

8= 4000 psi (T)

By = -8000 psi (c)

[xy =
-6000 psi

a.) Principal stresses and the angle of inclination of the principal planes

tan 28 =
= 2
Exy
O = 0x+ Oy 0:0x+Oy Oy
ox.
2
+
Ox-By)"+Exyh 2 -OxOy)"+5xy"
=-2(-6000)
=4000 + 1.5000) =4000 + 1.5000)
1000-18000)
+(4000-15000s) "+-brrup (4000-15000s) "+-brrup
-

2 2
+an 18: I

10,485.281psi
=6,485.281 ps;
:-
28 = 450

8 =
2.50; CON from

b) max in plane shear stress and its angle of inclination; X-axis

Emax: I
(Ox-Oy)"+Exy2 fanCEs OYof
Mi.Oz
=

Emax: I
of

I 16,8215.281-1-10,485.281) 1000- 1-8000)

=
=

(4000-18000))?(-b000) 2
22-6000)
·
I 8,1185,281 psi tan28S: -1:28s =-450
·
18,4185.281 ps;
8= -
22.50; Cu

normal 300 new from X-plane

C.) stress component whose is

8: +300
8 =
0x1Oy +
8x-Oy c0328-Fxysin28
·
1000 +1-8000) +
1000 +1-8000) cos2130%) -
2-6000) sinz(30%)
2

8: 6,196, 152 ps;

E:
Ox-By SinCE +
Exycos2

:1000-1-8000) sin2(30)+(-6000)cos2(30)
2

t = 2, 196. 152 pST

 0= Ox
Drawing of Differential
02:
Wy no shear stress ([xy) Element:

since 0,582 is given

8.zo:12.5 MPa

When O = 300 When 8:

8: 0x +Oy
8: 0x +Oy
Ox.By Ox.By cos28-Exysinet 030 MPG
22.5
cos28-Exysinet
=
+
+

I I +120=30.31) ↓
T

MPa
""
E s0=30.311 MPa
:
10 + 130)
:
10 + 130) 110-1.30) 120
110-1-30) x
cs21120)
x
cos2130)
-
↓
2 30
2 2
2
M I
&20 -12.5 MPa
030: 22.5 MP9
= 7

" M

E: 0x.84 C

E: 0x.84 sin28
Exycos2E
2
sin28
Exycos2E 2

40-2-30)
·

:40-230) sin211207
sin2130) 2
2

[120 =-30.311 MP9

Eso: 30.311 MPa

Stress at a point: Graphical Method

Guidelines in
Constructing Mour's Circle:

Given a differential element with 0x,oy, [xy, Tyx

1.) Plot 2
having coordinates (Ox, Txy) and 18y, Tyx) the Etaxis
points
on

X-face y-face

2) Join the points with a

straight line (diameter of Mohn's circle)

3.) Determine the offset distance, C, wrt to origin

↳ average of normal stresses

4) Radius of circle, R, can be determined as the hypotenuse of right triangle

 5.) Max and min principle stresses occur at [xy= O
along 5-xis

6.) Max in-plane shearing stress is equal to radius

7.) angle betw.radii to selected its is twice the angle created

betw. X-axis and n-axis on the differential element.

Tmax: R X-plane
T (W ·
E
1. plot
2. diameter (Oy. [xy) o
Imax
Mohr's CCW
Fxy)
T
3. C Circle (Oy, Fyx) - (Ox,
·
T R v

-Trya
4. R

5. 01, 02
180.LOs 28
- 5
principal plane)
10.0) or ox-oy
solve C: Ox+Oy
6. [max
7. E
R
2

of
&
loy, Tyx) I plane
C: Ox +Oy
(Ox-By" Exy?
=

a (offset) R
I 2

'R =(o48y" Exy

I I

9= I
C+ R
MiC+R
8=c-R 102
:c-R

[max: I R [max: I R

tan 18: FxY

Ox. Oy
2

Sample problems:

COx, Exy)= (4000, 6000)

1Oy, Fyx)= (,8000, 2000)

a.) 8000

for
I
y: plane
1-8,000, 6000)
C=0x +8y=1000-8000
2 2
8: (+R = -
2000 +
8,485.2)
C = -
2000 psi
: 6,485.21 ps;
0
principal plane
O-8y= 4000 -
1,8000)
82: -

2000-8485.21 in
2 2

:6000 psi
=-
10, 485.21 ps;
bOUo

Goir"s T1000, 0000s

-

R: 60001 (600072 32t

G000
Sin28:
8485.281
6000
1 8,485.281ps;
-

:
8485.28)
X-plane
28: 450 COW from X-plane to ax 4000
in mour's circle
b) [max= 18,485.281 ps; c) 30 COW = 60'CCW
DUup diff element moon's circle
If Sinzes: 6000
15:5.281
:84858
8185.281 COS x =
8,194.152 ps;
Grow
8185. 28 =
450 CU I
20S
281 1150 sin15:g485.2819:2,196. 15243;
from X-plane in
X

↑ Nohr's Circle
On: X-c =
8, 196. 152-2000
6, 194.152
·

ps;
In: y
COn. [n) =
(6194. 152, 2196.152)
2, 196, 152 p8;
=

10x, Exy)= 140,0)

Mour's circle <Oy, Fyx) =

(,30,0)
8
:30; 28 =
600

8
2: 120;28:2400

0.130n. In
C:0x+8y: (40) +250)
C: 5 M P9

B =

RisBMPa
0x.by= 40-1-30)
"
soos".
y plane
Mos
plane
x

"One
How did we get 60?
X
wS60 =
x
=
=
17.3 MPq
↳00
35
y Sin60:8 :30.311MPh Y sin60:oY =
30.311MP9
35
g60 On: 3+ x = 3 + 17.5 cos60:
f x =
(7.5 MP9
X 8 =
22.5 MPG
COn., Jn.) =

(22.5,30.311) Onz: X-C

In:311MP9 =

=
17.5.5 (One, Inn) =
(-12.5,-30.311)
12.5 MPG
In
y
=

Tn =
30.311 MPa
 NOVI 14

Combined Stress:

M= PX C

Foc
N.A.. . . . . .

Apply two forces

opp direction

PM xxe
: =

saftff
Recopy eccentric

↓
later -
I

⑱
NA

Px= 2000 20s 150= 1931.85 lbs #=Px ("/z)

Py =
2000 sin 150= 517.64 lbs #= 1931.85 (67) (fin)
M = 482.96 lb-ft CW

SND = 0:

517.G4 (2)-1182.94 +
Rey (6) =
0

Rey= 253.04 Ibs

d
↑ SFy: O

253.04-517.64 0
by
R
=
+

lbs
Axial Stress at A-B:
RDY = 2 6 4.6

EFX= O
On: f REx= 1931.85 lbs

& Fx =
0:
1931.85
P_Px = 0 8
216)
P= 1931.85 =
160.98psi (6)
Flexural Stress at A-B:
Similar Triangles:
= 2(6)
3
F

MAB = 1012. Ie 12

j
MAB
9 YB b
+
3 4) A =
= = 3

MAB= 759.R lb-ft

~
2
converter
8 759.12 1b-f + (3) ( 12) 8 759.12 1b-f + (3) ( 12)
fi fi
36 in 4 36 in 4

159.12 psiCT)
MAB 759.12 psi (c)
·

I 3
4f 7

Normal Stress at B:
Normal Stress at A:
&= -
160.98 + 759.12 =
598.14ps;
OA = -
160.98- 159.12:-920.2ps;
&B =
598.14 Psi (T)
O= 920.2psi (C)

section A-B is not the location of

max normal stress. It os at sec C-F
Mmax= 1012.16 lb-ft Axial Stress:
Use
P=Px (c)
Ofc=1012.16(3) (12): 1012.16ps(c)
36
On = 1931.85

Of=1012.16(3)(12) = 1012.16psi(T)
2 (6)

8a:160.98
3G
psi(C)

Normal Stress at B:
Normal Stress at C:

OF= -160.98 +1012.16 =851.18psi

Oc = -

160.98-1012.16:-1173.14 ps;
Oc: 1173.12) psi(C) O= 851.18 psiCT)

Lot of max normal stress: 2ft from pt. D

Sample prob 2:

yp=76mm <p=40 mm

6: 120mm
d =
200mm

⑧ My = 15KN
P

Nrt y-axis:

Axial Stress due to p

8:
f=15(1000)
120
(200)
=
0.625 MPaCC)
M

Flexural Stress due to My:

My = 600KN-mm
 ly: 9(b)3=200C12073.28.800 ↓2
x 100mmy

C:
1:720:60mm
60010) (1000)
8) 1.25 MPa
=

28,800 x 106

At points B and 2: Of:1.25 MPaCT)

At points A and D: 0f = 1.25 MPaCC)

Axial Stress is same:

&=0.025 MPd (C)

Flexural stress due to M2:

M2 =
1140 KN-mm

12 =
b1d)3, 120120013=80x106mm4
12

cid. o =10Umm

N2C.140(100)
8
- (1000) 1.425 MP9
=

At points ( and 1: 0f = 1.42> MPGCTS 80x100

At points A and B:
Of:1.425 MPa (c)

Normal Stress:

At "pH. A: At pt. B: At pt. 2: At pt.D:

0.625 +1.25. 1.425. 0.625 +1.25 + 1.425 0.025.1.25 + 1.42 5
0.425-1.25.1.425
-
·

OB 0.80 MPa (C) 0c 2.05 MPG CT) 0.45 MPa

8=
(C)
= =

&A = 3.30 NIPa (C)

Sample prob 3:
My=30KN
RX = 40 KN

20 mm
Deaction Moment: M

C
920mm
a

Ry < >Px
120 mm

Px= 50 (I) 40k N

v
Py
Ry
=

Py =
50(E)=30KN

Axial Stress due to Pat Pt. A:

" 4
8.
-
On:

P=RX
40(1000) 16.667
MPaCT)
·
=

120 (20)
 Flexural Stress due to MA at pt. A:
/// / / I / /
MAbased on area under MA =
-
7500KN-MM
250 mm
= 20 (120) 3
I

V diagram: =2.88 x 100mm4

It
-

MA =
30(250)
-

MTA y
=
20 mm

MA= T500KN-mm
-

8: 7500(207 (1000)
2. 88 x 106

shear stress due to UN 8

atpt.A : 52.083 MPACT) at pt. A
VA =
30 KN

ItOOSCTET1000mm
area
*
=
=x =
16.66 7

68.75
+
32,083
MPaCT) By: U
b: 16.667 MDa
[xy= N149
20 mm
[yx=-16.667
#

=
16.4OT

30(1000(32000
= 16.667 NIPa atp7. A
2.88 x 106 (20)

<
E: 16.667 MPG

I · (68.75, 16.667)

I
R
0x 68.75 MP9
=
16. GO T

o ⑧
C ·o
o
v S S

68.75-0
S
2

C01-16.667)
C= 68. 75 +0
= 34.38 MPa
2

R fuel
(0873321(16,6671
=

*
astonia)
=
38,202 MPa

8= C+R = 34.38 + 38,202

02: C-R =
34.38-38.202

Imax: IR