Introduction

Marine automobile engines are types of automobile petrol or diesel engines.

That have been specifically modified for use in the marine environment, safety,
performance, and for regulator requirements.
A marine engine is essentially at full throttle all the time just to move it through
the water, In the early years, steam engines and electric motors were tried, but
with limited success.
In the 20th century, the internal combustion engine became dominant.
In 2015, the internal combustion engine remains the most widely used but a
resurgence of electricity seems likely because of increasing concern about
engine exhaust gas emissions and there are three types of engine Internal
combustion engine, steam engine and electric motor
Internal combustion engines - internal combustion engine is a motor that is
powered by the expansion of gas which is created by the combustion
of hydrocarbon gases fuels. To elaborate, an internal combustion used the heat of
a combustion created by the injected hydrocarbon fuel to create mechanical
motion. At the time of the early 1900s, wood alcohol was a popular fuel for
French and German automobiles, but as governments imposed large taxes on the
production, the price of wood alcohol rose above that of gasoline.[7] Gasoline
engines became popular as a result of this, as internal combustion engines were
commonly known as gasoline engines. Although gasoline engines became
popular, they were not particularly desirable due to the dangers of fuel leaks that
may cause explosions. Therefore, many inventors attempted to create a kerosene
burning engine as a result. This was not a successful venture applying it for
automotive usage. There are many different types of fuels for internal
combustion engines. These include diesel, gasoline, and ethano
Steam Engines - was invented in the late 1700s, and the primary method of
powering engines and soon, locomotives. One of the most popular steam
automobile was the “Stanley Steamer,” offering low pollution, power, and speed.
The downside of these steam automobiles is the unreliability, complexity, and
the frequent accidents that occurred with them. The startup time for a steam car
may take up to 45 minutes, defeating the purpose of faster transportation. By the
time the steam automobile was improved, the complexity of manufacturing
relative to the gas automobiles made steam automobiles unprofitable.
A steam engine is a device which transforms heat into mechanical motion.
This is provided with the usage of boilers, which create steam by boiling water.
In the early 1900s, Abner Doble introduced a steam powered car in the United
States which had capabilities that could potentially overpower Ford’s Model T in
efficiency.
 Steam has been known to have very efficient fuel economy with a high power
source.
That is why half the world was powered by steam for almost the entirety of the
19th century and almost half the 20th century.
The main drawback of the steam engine in automobiles was the fact that
operators were required to have full knowledge of boilers and steam engines
before operating, as it was detrimental to the engine itself if the operator
neglected it.
RESEARCH AND QUESTION
As of 2013, there were a wide variety of propulsion systems available or
potentially available for automobiles and other vehicles. Options included internal
combustion engines fueled by petrol, diesel, propane, or natural gas; hybrid
vehicles, plug-in hybrids, fuel cell vehicles fueled by hydrogen and all electric cars.
Fueled vehicles seem to have the advantage due to the limited range and high
cost of batteries. Some options required construction of a network of fueling or
charging stations. With no compelling advantage for any particular option car
makers pursued parallel development tracks using a variety of options. Reducing
the weight of vehicles was one strategy being employed.
REVIEW AND LITERATURE
Dual fuel operating strategy offers great opportunity to reduce emissions like
particulate matter and NOx from compression ignition engine and use of clearer
fuels like natural gas.
Dual-fuel engines have number of potential advantages like fuel flexibility, lower
emissions, higher compression ratio, better efficiency and easy conversion of
existing diesel engines without major hardware modifications.
In view of energy depletion and environmental pollution, dual-fuel technology
has caught attention of researchers.
It is an ecological and efficient combustion technology.
This paper summarizes a review of recent research on dual-fuel technology and
future scope of research.
Paper also throws light on present limitations and drawbacks of dual-fuel engines
and proposed methods to overcome these drawbacks.
A parametric study of different engine-operating variables affecting performance
of diesel-CNG dual-fuel engines vis-à-vis base diesel operation is also summarized
here.
Chemical kinetic and CFD simulation of dual-fuel diesel-CNG engine combustion
has been carried out based on available literature data.
Thereafter, experimental results of effect of gas supplement ratio (fraction of
natural gas in total fuel, on mass basis) on emission and performance
characteristics of a six-cylinder heavy-duty compression ignition engine have been
discussed with an aim of understanding the engine behavior under dual-fuel
operating mode.
RESEARCH AND QUESTION
As of 2013, there were a wide variety of propulsion systems available or
potentially available for automobiles and other vehicles. Options included internal
combustion engines fueled by petrol, diesel, propane, or natural gas; hybrid
vehicles, plug-in hybrids, fuel cell vehicles fueled by hydrogen and all electric cars.
Fueled vehicles seem to have the advantage due to the limited range and high
cost of batteries. Some options required construction of a network of fueling or
charging stations. With no compelling advantage for any particular option car
makers pursued parallel development tracks using a variety of options. Reducing
the weight of vehicles was one strategy being employed.