Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual

Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

All rights reserved. No part of this Manual maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any means
, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

MODULE 11
THE SENSE ORGANS
Activity 11.1
The Human Eye
Name:___Leoncito, Mon Antonio P.___________ __ Date:___________
Section:__ _BSN 1-2 Score:__________
1) Snellen Chart Visual test

Cover one eye while reading the letters on the Snellen eye chart aloud,
starting at the top and moving toward the bottom. Visual acuity in the
unprotected eye is determined by how correctly the patient can read the
tiniest row of letters.

2) Put in Order
Arrange these in the order in which light passes through them to form an
image inside the eye:
Conjunctiva
Cornea
Lens
Pupil
Retina
Vitreous humor Answer:

1. Conjunctiva
2. Cornea
3. Pupil
4. Lens
5. Vitreous humor
6. Retina
Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

3) Fill-in
1. ____ is a type of photoreceptor specialized for vision in a dimly lit
environment. Rods
2. ____ muscle attached to your eyeballs Superior
3. On a hot day, sweat collects on your forehead. It is prevented from dripping
directly toward your eye by ________. Eyebrow
4. The relative sharpness of an image formed in your eyes is called _______
Acuity
5. Abnormal curvature of the cornea may produce a condition called
______. Astigmatism LABEL
THE FOLLOWING EYE STRUCTURES:

Lacrimal gland
Upper
eyelid
pupil

Medial
canthus

Outline of orbit iris

Outer canthus

conjunctira

Lower eyelid

EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE EYE

2
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 Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD
retina scalera choroid
cornea

fovea Aqueous

humor

iris
Ciliary body Central retinal vein

pupil lens

Optic nerve

INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE EY E

Superior rectus
Medial rectus Superior oblique

Lateral rectus

Inferior rectus

Inferior oblique

3
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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

FILL-IN THE TABLE BELOW

TUNIC or REGION STRUCTURE FUNCTION/S

Lacrimal Lacrimal Gland

cleanses and protects the eye's surface as it lubricates and
Apparatus
moistens it

Nasolacrimal duct
drain tears from the ocular surface to the lacrimal sac
and, ultimately, the nasal cavity

Rectus: Superior, these muscles serve to move the eyes in the four cardinal
inferior, lateral, directions, with superior rectus producing elevation,
Extrinsic Eye medial adduction and internal rotation of the eyeball
Muscles
Oblique: Superior, The superior rectus and inferior oblique muscles primarily
Inferior move the eye upward and downward

External Conjuctiva
provides protection and lubrication of the eye by the
Accessories
production of mucus and tears

Eyelids, Eyebrows protect the eyes from perspiration and provide shade

Cornea
protecting the structures inside the eye, contributing to
the refractive power of the eye, and focusing light rays on
the retina with minimum scatter and optical degradation
Fibrous Tunic
Sclera
It helps maintain your eyeball's shape, and protects it
from injury

Choroid bring oxygen and nutrients to the eye

Vascular Tunic Ciliary Body changes the shape of the lens when the eye focuses

Lens transmit light, focusing it on the retina

4
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 Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

Suspensory prevents downward displacement of the eyeball

Ligament

Iris controlling your pupil helps your eyes see clearly

Pupil
control the amount of light that is allowed to enter the
eye

Tapetum lucidum
provide the light-sensitive retinal cells with a second
opportunity for photon-photoreceptor stimulation,
thereby enhancing visual sensitivity at low light levels.

Nervous Tunic Retina

captures incoming photons and transmits them along
neuronal pathways as both electrical and chemical signals
for the brain to perceive a visual picture

Macula
translates light that enters your eye into the images you
see

Fovea centralis responsible for sharp central vision

Optic Disc
transfer signals from the photoreceptors of the eye to the
optic nerve, allowing us to see

Aqueous humor
Anterior bathes and nourishes the lens and maintains pressure
Compartment within the eye

Posterior Vitrous humor

providing metabolic nutrient requirements of the lens,
Compartment
coordinating eye growth and providing support to the
retina

Optic nerve
relay messages from your eyes to your brain to create
visual image

Activity 11.2
The EAR, HEARING, and EQUILIBRIUM
Name:___Leoncito, Mon Antonio P.___________
5
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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD
Date:____________
BSN 1-2
Section Score:___________

A. Using your textbook and Manual and other on-line references, perform the following
Hearing and Equilibrium tests: Record your observations and the results
o Rinne test o Weber Test o Romberg Test

B. Arrange these structures in the order in which SOUND WAVES pass through them:
Auricle 1. __________
Endolymph 2. __________
External auditory canal 3. __________
Incus 4. __________
Maleus 5. __________
Perilymph 6. __________
Stapes 7 ___________
Tectorial membrane/Organ of Corti 8. __________
Tympanum 9. __________

Answer

1.auricle
2.external auditory canal
3.tympanum
4.malleus
5.incus
6.stapes
7.perilymph
8.endolymph
9.tectorial membrane/organ of Corti

C. Ear Division

6
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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD
For each structure below, identify whether it is part of the external, middle, or
internal ear
o . Tabulate your answer.

External Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear

Auricle semicircular canal Organ of Corti

Bony labyrinth stapes saccule

Membranous labyrinth External auditory canal Cochlea

o
Incus utricle

Tympanic membrane

Malleus

Vestibule

i. Auricle viii. Organ of Corti ii.Bony labyrinth ix. saccule

iii. Cochlea x. semicircular canal iv.
External auditory canal xi. stapes
v.Incus xii. Tympanic membrane vi. Malleus xiii.
utricle
vii. Membranous labyrinth xiv. Vestibule viii.

Label the following (Anatomy of the Ear):

7
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Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

incus stapes

malleus Semicircular canals

pinna
Ear drum cochlea

Auditory nerve

Round window
Ear canal
Tympanic cavity
Auditory tube

Following the ARROWS illustrated in the DIAGRAM below. Trace the

PASSAGE OF SOUNDWAVES through the ear: (Write your answer below
the diagram)

8
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All rights reserved. No part of this Manual maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means , including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology
Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
Volume 2, Series of 2022 JBD

REFERENCES
Module 11 The Sense Organs
Anatomy of the Ear. (2019, November 27). AudioCardio - Sound Therapy.
https://audiocardio.com/2019/11/27/anatomy-of-the-ear/
Bennett, L. (2016). Drug Delivery to Specific Compartments of the Eye. Ocular Drug Delivery: Advances,
Challenges, and Applications, 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47691-9_4
Bernstein, A. (2012, April 23). For Hearing Loss Treatment, Sooner is Better. The Hearing Professionals.
https://thehearingprofessionals.wordpress.com/2012/04/23/for-hearing-loss-treatment-soonerisbetter/
External Anatomy of the Eye and Surrounding Accessory Structures. (a) Photo of the anterior view of the
eye and accessory structures. (b) Diagr… | External, Eyes, Photo. (n.d.). Pinterest. Retrieved July 26,
2020, from https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/491385009337896377/ External
Ear. (n.d.). Fpnotebook.Com. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://fpnotebook.com/ent/anatomy/ExtrnlEr.htm
Eye Anatomy. (n.d.). Academy of Eye Care. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
http://www.pceyeglasses.com/eye-anatomy.html
Figure 2. Anatomy of Inner Ear. It consists of six mechanoreceptors... (n.d.). ResearchGate. Retrieved July
26, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Anatomy-of-Inner-Ear-It-consists-
ofsixmechanoreceptor-structures_fig1_316287669

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All rights reserved. No part of this Manual maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means , including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology