Introduction

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
With Statistics knowledge you can work in various fields such as Agriculture,
Computer Science, Animal Population, Health Science, Census, automobile,
pharmaceutical, computer software companies, etc.
……………………………………

Content List Page No

● Data Table 3
● Graphical Presentation 4,5,6
● Central Tendency 7,8
● Dispresion 9
● Correlation & Regression 10,11
● Discussion 12

End of first page

 Data Table

This data table represent 25 student last trimister hourly study time and GPA.
 Graph Representation

# Bar Graph: A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents
categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the
values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A
vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column chart.
 Graph Representation

#Pie Chart: A pie chart is a circular statistical graphic.A Pie Chart is a

type of graph that displays data in a circular graph. The pieces of the
graph are proportional to the fraction of the whole in each category.
 Graph Representation

Histograms: A histogram is a graphical presentation of data using

rectangular bars of different heights. In a histogram, there is no
space between the rectangular bars.
 Measures of Location/Central Tendancy

Mean
Arithmetic Mean: The arithmetic mean is calculated by adding all of the
numbers and dividing it by the total number of observations in the dataset.

Geometric Mean (GM): The Geometric Mean (GM) is the average value or mean
which signifies the central tendency of the set of numbers by taking the root of
the product of their values. Basically, we multiply the 'n' values altogether and
th
take out the n root of the numbers, where n is the total number of values. For
example: for a given set of two numbers such as 8 and 1, the geometric mean is
equal to √(8×1) = √8 = 2√2.

Harmonic Mean (HM): The Harmonic Mean (HM) is defined as the reciprocal of the
arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the data values.

Median: Like mean median is a measure of central tendency. Median

determinesthe middle value of a dataset listed in ascending order (i.e., from
smallest to largest value). The measure divides the lower half from the higher half
of the dataset.

Mode: The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. A set of
data may have one mode, more than one mode, or no mode at all.
Measures of Location/Central Tendancy
 Measures of Dispersion

Range: Range is the difference between the largest and smallest observations.

IQR: The interquartile range (IQR) measures the spread in the middle 50% of the
data; it is the difference between the observation at Q3, the third quartile (or 75th
percentile), and the observation at Q1, the first quartile (or 25th percentile).

Mean deviation: It is used to compute how far the values in a data set are from the
center point. the mean deviation is used to calculate the average of the absolute
deviations of the data from the central point.

Standard Deviation or Variance: It is defined as the positive square-root of the

arithmetic mean of the Square of the deviations of the given observation from
their arithmetic mean.

Coefficient of variation: It is a type of relative measure of dispersion. It is

expressed as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. The coefficient of
variation is a dimensionless quantity and is usually given as a percentage. It
helps to compare two data sets on the basis of the degree of variation. If there are
data sets that have different units then the best way to draw a comparison
between them is by using the coefficient of variation. The higher the CV, the
greater the dispersion.
 Correlation & Regression
Regression Line: A regression line indicates a linear relationship between the dependent
variables on the y-axis and the independent variables on the x-axis.

Correlation: In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether

causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.
Correlation & Regression
 Discussion

Statistics is a mathematical body of science that pertains to the collection,

analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of .In real life
Statstics use for many work.

We use it for many type of calculation based on previous data. Like recently
Oxford University publish a prediction for FIFA WORLD CUP 2022.Its gave
correct result 71% on first 10 days and 67% after group stage.Its, also help us
to predict weather.

So we can say that, Statstics help us to make better decision on our real life.