Primus OM

Instructions for Use
Primus
WARNING!
For a full understanding of the
Anesthetic Workstation
performance characteristics of this Software 2.n
equipment, the user should carefully
read this manual before operating.
Emergency Care · Perioperative Care · Critical Care · Perinatal Care · Home Care Because you care
How to use these Instructions for Use
In the header the subject...
of the main chapter. Configuration
To help you find your way around quickly.
Configuring the default
On each page... settings

Default settings describe the settings
the instructions for use which the workstation starts with when it
is switched on.
The default settings for ventilation, gas
combining text with illustrations. The information is translated delivery and monitoring can be activated
while in standby by pressing the soft key
directly into actions to enable the user to learn "hands-on" how »restore default settings«.
Changes in default settings become
to use the workstation.

active immediately.
The default settings can be configured in

standby as follows:
z Press standby key » « and
confirm by pushing the rotary knob. 1
1 Press the soft key
Left-hand column...
»default config.«.
the text The operator is requested to enter a

four-digit password in order to prevent
provides explanations and guides the user clearly and

unauthorized changes to the basic
functions. This password is allocated 2
when commissioning the workstation.
ergonomically with brief directions for using the product. If desired, the function can be disabled
by DrägerService or an individual
password set.
uni_0049
z Bullets indicate the steps to be followed, 2 Select and confirm the figures
successively from the line displayed
using the rotary knob. The password
1,2,... Numbers refer to the illustration and indicate the

is represented by asterisks (* * * *)
below the line of numbers.
The menu for selecting the default
sequence. values is displayed when the password
has been entered correctly.
The default values are adopted
– Dashes indicate lists of data, options and objects. automatically when the menu is
displayed.
Display (example):
Bold font, e. g. »Air«, »CPAT«, »PEEP«, »max« or »0«
indicates hard keys, soft keys, device labeling or alarm
messages on/in the workstation.
Right-hand column...
the illustration
0052
provides a link with the text and serves as a guide to the
workstation. Points mentioned in the text are emphasized and 130 Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n
0001
non-essential information is omitted.
Examples of screen displays guide the user and confirm the
steps to be followed.
Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n

Registered trademarks
DrägerService®
Spirolog®
SpiroLife ®
Drägersorb®
WaterLock®
Vapor® are registered trademarks of Dräger.
Durasensor®
OxiMax® are registered trademarks of Nellcor.
Neodisher® Medizym
is a registered trademark of
Chemische Fabrik DR. WEIGERT GmbH & Co. KG
Definitions
WARNING!
A warning statement gives important information that, if
ignored, could lead directly to personal injury.
CAUTION!
A caution statement gives important information that, if
ignored, could lead directly to equipment damage and
indirectly to personal injury.
NOTE:
A note provides additional information intended to avoid
inconveniences during operation.
Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 3

4 Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n
Contents
Contents
For your safety and that of your patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Standard screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
General notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Displayed parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Information about safe use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Gas measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Using the volumeter function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Intended use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Econometer (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Loops (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Selecting the data screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
MEDIBUS protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Selecting the trend screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Selecting the logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
What is what. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Using the timer function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 SpO2 measurement (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Alarm priorities and alarm signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Gas supply block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Alarm displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Screen with user interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Suppressing alarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Interface panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Limit-based alarms activated in respective ventilation
Flexible arm for manual breathing bag (optional) . . . . . . . . 21 modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Gas flow diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CO2 alarms on/off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 HLM mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 SpO2 alarms on/off (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Displaying and setting alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Operating concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Screen ergonomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Screen layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Configuring the default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Color concept. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Basic settings and audible signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Interfaces/logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Before first use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Screen layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Information about transport within the clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Setting alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Primus as a wall/ceiling device (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Ventilator and gas delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Connecting the gas supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 System information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Connecting the anesthesia gas scavenging system AGS . . 44 Configuration during operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Connecting the endotracheal aspiration system (optional) . 44 Volume/alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Connecting the flexible arm for the manual breathing bag Parameter settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
(optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Logbook entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Park holder for vaporizer units (optional). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Displaying system information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Connecting the electrical connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Screen layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Fault - Cause - Remedy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Device check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Power failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Self test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Gas failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Emergency start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Ventilator failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Fresh-gas delivery failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Ventilator and fresh-gas delivery failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Gas measurement failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Loading default settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Screen error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Entering the patient's age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
System failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Entering the patient's ideal body weight (optional) . . . . . . . 68
Alarm messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Setting fresh-gas concentrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Setting the Vapor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Hygiene and care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Using non-rebreathing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Removing components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Ventilating children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Scope of validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Changing patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Sequence of steps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
End of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 What is meant by hygiene and care? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Disinfecting/cleaning/sterilizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Care list Primus anesthetic workstation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Selecting the standard screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Monitoring mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Contents
Maintenance intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
General note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Emptying or replacing the WaterLock water trap . . . . . . . 188
Replacing the O2 sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Disposing of batteries and O2 sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Disposing of the used device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Technical data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

For your safety and that of your patients

General notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Liability for proper function or damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Information about safe use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

General notes
WARNING! WARNING!
Strictly follow the Instructions for Use! Operation prohibited in potentially explosive
Any use of the apparatus requires full understanding environments!
and strict observation of these instructions. The device is not approved for operation in potentially
The apparatus may only be used for the purposes explosive atmospheres.
specified here.
WARNING!
Maintenance
Safe connection to electrical equipment:
WARNING! Electrical connections to equipment which is not listed
in these Instructions for Use should only be made
The apparatus must be inspected and serviced every 6
following consultations with the respective
months by trained service personnel.
manufacturers or an expert.
Repair and general overhaul of the apparatus may only
be carried out by trained service personnel.
We recommend that a service contract be obtained with
DrägerService and that all repairs also be carried out by Liability for proper function or damage
them. The liability for the proper function of the apparatus is
Only authentic Dräger spare parts may be used for irrevocably transferred to the owner or operator to the extent
maintenance. that the apparatus is serviced or repaired by personnel not
Observe chapter "Maintenance intervals". employed or authorized by DrägerService or if the apparatus
is used in a manner not conforming to its intended use.
Accessories Dräger cannot be held responsible for damage caused by non-
compliance with the recommendations given above.
WARNING! The warranty and liability provisions of the terms of sale and
Dräger recommends the use of accessories that are delivery of Dräger are likewise not modified by the
listed in the list of accessories 86 03 521 (rev. 09 or recommendations given above.
higher).
Otherwise, the apparatus may not work properly. Dräger Medical AG & Co. KG
Even accessories designed to be reused after cleaning have

a limited life. Due to a number of factors connected with
handling and preparation, disinfectant residues can attack the
material more intensely during autoclaving; increased wear
can occur and service life can be markedly shortened. Such
parts should be replaced when external signs of wear become
apparent, such as cracks, deformation, discoloration, peeling,
etc.

Information about safe use*

WARNING! WARNING!
The workstation may only be used under the permanent Always keep a manual ventilator at hand.
supervision of qualified medical personnel so that If ventilation of the patient is no longer assured due to an
assistance can be provided immediately in the event of obvious fault in the equipment, the patient must
any malfunctions. immediately be ventilated with a separate emergency
ventilator.
WARNING!
Explosive anesthetics, such as ether or cyclopropane, WARNING!
must not be used due to the risk of fire! Do not use conductive breathing hoses or face masks.
They may cause burns during HF surgery.
WARNING!
Primus must not be used with magnetic resonance General note for all monitoring combinations:
imaging (MRT, NMR, NMI)! External monitoring displays must always be connected
to external power sources.
Operation of the workstation may be impaired and the
If this requirement is not observed, there is a danger of an
patient endangered.
electrical shock due to the increased leakage current.
Dräger Medical cannot be held liable for any damage which
WARNING!
occurs as a result of these instructions not being observed.
Drugs or other substances based on inflammable
solvents, such as alcohol, must not be introduced into WARNING!
the patient system.
Risk of injury by crushing when working with drawers,
Risk of fire! ventilator module, doors, writing table and swivel arms
Adequate ventilation must be ensured if highly for combined devices as well as accessories such as
inflammable substances are used for disinfection. gas cylinders, vaporizer units, CLIC absorbers and CLIC
General information on electromagnetic compatibility adapters. Risk of injury by crushing.
(EMC) according to the international EMC standard IEC
60601-1-2: 2001
Medical electrical equipment needs special precautions
regarding electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and put into
service according to the EMC information provided in the
technical documentation available from DrägerService upon
request.
Portable, mobile RF communications equipment can affect
medical electrical equipment.
WARNING!
Pins of connectors identified with the
ESD warning symbol shall not be
touched and not to be connected unless
ESD precautionary procedures are used.
Such precautionary procedures may
include anti-static clothing and shoes,
the touch of a ground stud before and during connecting
pins, or the use of electrically isolating and anti-static
gloves. All staff involved in the above shall receive
instruction in these procedures.
S
CAUTION!
The application of a wall or ceiling mounting support is
designated for buildings, not for mobile facilities such as
ambulances, helicopters or ships.
* Additional precautions can be found in the respective

chapters.

Intended use
Intended use
General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Utilizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Ventilation modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
The following measured values are displayed . . . . . . . . . 12
The following parameters are displayed as curves . . . . . . 12
The following are displayed as bar graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
MEDIBUS protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Intended use
General information
WARNING! The following are displayed as bar graphs
If the intended use of the anesthesia device is not – Inspiratory, expiratory and leakage tidal volume
adhered to, significant risks may be the result and is – Volumeter
thus not permitted. – Pressure
– Econometer for indicating fresh-gas utilization (optional)
Primus – Anesthetic Workstation for adults, children and
neonates with automatic and manual ventilation, as well as
spontaneous breathing with or without pressure support. Trends showing the measured values over time and a logbook
are also available.
Utilizing
Monitoring
– Inhalation anesthesia in rebreathing systems
by means of adjustable alarm limits which can automatically
– Inhalation anesthesia in semi-closed to virtually closed
be adapted to the momentary ventilation situation.
systems with "low flow" and "minimal flow" techniques (for
minimal gas and anesthetic agent consumption)
With monitoring for
– Inhalation anesthesia in non-rebreathing systems, with a
– Airway pressure PAW
separate fresh-gas outlet for connecting the Bain system
– Expiratory minute volume MV
or Magill system, for example,
– Apnea
with a fresh-gas flow of 0.2 to 18 L/min.
– Inspiratory and expiratory anesthetic gas concentration
Ventilation modes – Detection of anesthetic gas mixtures (simultaneous
– Volume-controlled ventilation in Volume Mode. detection of up to two anesthetic agents)
With activation of: – Inspiratory O2 and N2O concentrations
synchronization, – Inspiratory and expiratory CO2 concentrations
pressure support (optional) – Special alarm response in HLM mode
– Pressure-controlled ventilation in Pressure Mode
Optional:
With activation of: synchronization,
– Oxygen saturation
pressure support (optional)
– Pulse rate
– Manual ventilation (Man.)
– Spontaneous breathing (Spont.)
– Pressure-assisted spontaneous breathing in Pressure
Support Mode (optional)
The following measured values are displayed

– Peak pressure PPEAK, mean pressure PMEAN, plateau
pressure PPLAT, and PEEP
– Expiratory minute volume MV,
difference between insp. and exp. minute volume MVLEAK,
patient compliance CPAT
tidal volume VT,
breathing rate freq.
– Inspiratory and expiratory concentration of O2, N2O,
anesthetic gas and CO2
– ∆O2:
difference between insp. and exp. O2 concentration
Optional:
– Functional oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate
The following parameters are displayed as curves

– Airway pressure PAW
– Inspiratory and expiratory flow
– Inspiratory and expiratory concentration of O2, CO2 and
anesthetic gas
Optional:
– Plethysmogram
– p-V loops and V-flow loops

Intended use
MEDIBUS protocol
Software protocol for data transfer between Primus and an
external medical or non-medical device (e. g. hemodynamic
monitors, data management systems or computers based on
Windows) via an RS 232 interface (MEDIBUS protocol for
Primus 9037426 - 5 edition).
The system must meet the requirements of the standards

IEC/EN 60601-1-1 and IEC/EN 60601-1-2.
Data transfers via the MEDIBUS interface are used for

information purposes only and must not be considered as a
basis for diagnostic or therapeutic decisions.
To ensure that the patient and the user are protected against
electrical hazards, all systems, which consist of medical
devices and other electrical equipment, and which are not
limited to computers, printers etc., must be assembled by
trained personnel only.

What is what
What is what
Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Gas supply block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Screen with user interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Interface panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Flexible arm for manual breathing bag (optional) . . . . 21
Gas flow diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

What is what
Front
16
1
15
14 2
3
13 4
5
12 6
11 7
8
10
1 Screen with user interface 9 Drawer uni_0081
2 Rotary knob "select, set, confirm" 10 Castors with locking brake

3 Power switch 11 Release button for ventilator module*
4 O2 emergency delivery »Safety O2« 12 Endotracheal aspiration system (optional)
5 »O2+« (O2 flush) button 13 Connection for sample line with water trap
6 Writing table 14 Vapor units with interlock system
7 Breathing system 15 External fresh-gas outlet (optional)
8 Absorber 16 Shelf for monitor
(optional disposable Dräger absorber Drägersorb CLIC)
* available since November 2004

What is what
Rear
12
1
2
11 3
10
9
6
8
uni_0082
1 Connect. of the pressure sensors of backup gas cylinders 8 Power cable
2 O2 sensor 9 Pin for earthing cable
(not applicable for consumption-free O2 measurement) 10 Gas supply block
3 Cooling air filter 11 Connection for optional halogen lamp
4 Pins for earthing cables of auxiliary units (remove cap before use.)
5 Auxiliary sockets with fuse switches Use the lamp specified in the list of accessories only!
6 Waste gas connector 12 Interface panel
7 Anesthetic gas scavenging system AGS

What is what
Gas supply block
uni_0083
1 AIR connection of central gas supply
2 Connection of central gas supply O2
3 Connection for O2 cylinder
4 O2 outlet for O2 flow tube (optional)
5 Air outlet for endotracheal aspiration system (optional)
6 Connection for N2O cylinder
7 Connection of central gas supply N2O

What is what
Screen with user interface
1 2 3 4 5
6
7
21
8
20
19 9
18
17 10
16
11
12
15 14 13
0072
1 Status field for the current ventilation mode 12 Key for switching over to standby
2 Alarm field for alarms and their priority 13 LEDs for power supply/battery power
3 Curve field for curves and bar graphs 14 Keys for selecting the ventilation mode
4 Numerical field for measured values 15 LED indicators for the central gas supply and
5 Soft keys for monitoring functions backup gas cylinders
6 LEDs indicating the alarm status 16 Keys for selecting the carrier gas (N2O or Air)
7 Key for silencing acoustic alarms for 2 minutes 17 Soft keys for fresh-gas delivery
8 Key for scrolling the screen pages 18 Prompt field
9 Key for calling up the standard screen 19 Bar graph for gas delivery (virtual flow tubes)
10 Soft keys for setting ventilation 20 Bar graph for fresh-gas utilization (econometer) (optional)
11 Rotary knob: "select, set, confirm" 21 Parameter field for gas monitoring

What is what
Interface panel*
4
1
1 SpO2 Socket for SpO2 sensor (optional) uni_0084
2 COM 1 MEDIBUS interface

3 COM 2 MEDIBUS interface
4 Dräger Base IV system
* available since January 2005, (interfaces which are not used were removed)

What is what
Flexible arm for manual breathing bag (optional)
uni_0091
3 2
1 Flexible arm
2 Knurled screws (for mounting on the breathing system)
3 Cone for Y-piece (for self test)

What is what
Gas flow diagram
to
scavenger
APL-valve
SPONT MAN sample line

PAW sensor
N2O cylinder
MAN AUTO gas
PEEP/PMAX
measurement
exp. exp.
bag valve flow
sensor
gas inlet valves
vaporizer
N 2O P
absorber
0
Vol %
insp.
Isoflurane
Dräger Vapor 2000

valve
Air P 0.5 L
flow control insp. flow sensor
O2 P
piston pump
safety oxygen control ventilator
oxygen flush M
O2+
ext.
fresh-gas
outlet
(optional)
O2 cylinder
0073

What is what
Abbreviations
Abbreviation Explanation Abbreviation Explanation
Agent Anesthetic gas inO2 Inspiratory O2 concentration
AGS Anesthetic gas scavenging system INOP Inoperable
(Anesthesia Gas Scavenging System) Iso. Isoflurane
AIR/Air Compressed air for medical use IV Intravenous
APL Adjustable Pressure Limitation lb/lbs Pound
ATPS Measuring conditions at ambient LeakSYS System leakage
temperature, current atmospheric
pressure and MAC Minimum Alveolar Concentration
with saturated gas MAN/AUTO Manual/mechanical ventilation
BTPS Measuring conditions at body Man.Spont., Manual/spontaneous breathing
temperature, MAN/SPONT
current atmospheric pressure and
MEAN Mean pressure
with saturated gas
MV Expiratory minute volume
CAL Calibration
MVLEAK Difference between inspiratory and
Compl. Compliance
expiratory minute volume
CPAT Patient compliance
MVMEAS Measured minute volume
CS Piped medical gas supply for O2, N2O, AIR
N2O Nitrous oxide
and vacuum
NiBP Non-invasive blood pressure
∆O2 Difference between inspiratory and
expiratory O2 concentration NTPD Normal temperature pressure dry
(20 °C, 1013 hPa, dry)
∆ PPS Pressure difference for pressure support
in Pressure Support Mode O2 Oxygen
Des. Desflurane Pa Pascal (1 mbar = Pa x 100)
etCO2 End-expiratory CO2 concentration PAW Airway pressure
Enf. Enflurane PAW-V-Loop Pressure/volume loop
ex./exp. Expiratory PEAK Peak pressure
FG Fresh gas PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure
FLOW Expiratory flow PINSP Pressure limitation in Pressure Mode
Freq. Frequency PLAT Plateau pressure
Freq.MIN Mandatory minimum frequency in Pleth Plethysmogram
Pressure Support Mode PMAX Maximum pressure
Hal. Halothane Press. Mode Pressure Mode
HF surgery High-frequency surgery Pressure-controlled ventilation
HLM Mode with modified alarm response when Press. Supp. Pressure Support Mode
using a heart lung machine Pressure-assisted ventilation
I:E Ratio of PS Pressure support
inspiration time to expiration time Sev. Sevoflurane
in./insp. Inspiratory SORC Sensitive Oxygen Ratio Controller
in Inch SpO2 Functional O2 saturation
inDes Inspiratory desflurane concentration sync Synchronization
inEnf Inspiratory enflurane concentration TIP:TINSP Ratio of
inHal Inspiratory halothane concentration inspiratory pause time to inspiration time
inIso Inspiratory isoflurane concentration TINSP Inspiration time
inSev Inspiratory sevoflurane concentration TSLOPE Rise time
inCO2 Inspiratory CO2 concentration UPS Uninterruptible power supply

What is what
Abbreviation Explanation
VAC Vacuum (e.g. for secretion aspiration)
Vent. Ventilation symbols
V-Flow-Loop Volume flow loop
Vol. Volumeter
Vol. Mode Volume Mode
Volume-controlled ventilation
VT Tidal volume
xMAC MAC multiple

What is what
Symbols
Symbol Explanation Symbol Explanation
Conformité Européenne Note
Directive 93/42/EEC
on Medical Products Close menu,
Suppress alarm tone for 2 minutes, return to preceding menu
change priority of technical alarms and Available operating time with
acknowledge them uninterruptible power supply UPS
Call up standard screen Manual ventilation
Call up basic screens in succession Automatic ventilation
Standby/operation switch Connector for

piped medical gas supply (CS)
Non-rebreathing system at the external Backup gas cylinder
fresh-gas outlet
Pulse rate Rotary knob
Fresh-gas flowing UL test mark
Action in progress Plug system for Vapor units
Upper and lower alarm limits Mains voltage
Upper alarm limit only Power switch
Lower alarm limit only
Alarm tone suppressed for 2 minutes
Alarm monitoring inactive
Alarm limits disabled
Upper alarm limit disabled
Lower alarm limit disabled
Alarm limit or measuring function disabled

4-digit password entered
Protection class type B (body)
Protection class type BF (body floating)
ESD warning label
Connection for equipotential bonding

Operating concept
Operating concept
Screen ergonomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Selecting/setting ventilation parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Selecting/setting monitoring functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Screen layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Three basic screens for monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
LED system status display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Color concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Horizontal soft keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Vertical soft keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Parameter bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Operating concept
Screen ergonomics
All the settings required for
– Gas measurement
Gas
measurement Monitoring
– Fresh-gas delivery
– Ventilation
– Monitoring
are entered on the system screen using
the appropriate keys and the rotary
knob.
The keys are grouped in function fields:
– Top left-hand field

for gas measurement
– Bottom left-hand field

for fresh-gas delivery
– Top right-hand field

for monitoring
– Bottom right-hand field

for ventilation
Fresh-gas Ventilation
delivery
0002

Operating concept
The main functions for anesthesia, e. g.

selecting N2O or Air, or selecting
ventilation modes, can be achieved
directly through keys with permanently
defined functions ("hard keys"):
1 Left-hand block:
The »N2O« or »Air« keys are used
to select the gas to be mixed with O2
for the fresh-gas mix.
2 Right-hand block:
The »Man.Spont.«, »Vol. Mode«,
»Press. Mode« or »Press. Supp.«
(optional) keys are used to select the
ventilation mode, or » « (optional
external fresh-gas outlet).
These function keys are located in the
bottom row of the control panel:
Left-hand block for setting the fresh-gas
delivery.
Right-hand block for ventilation.
1 2
0003
Complementary "soft keys" with variable
functions are provided at the bottom
edge of the screen, above each group of
hard keys. These soft keys are used to
set the fresh-gas delivery parameters
and ventilation parameters.
3 Left-hand block:
The keys for setting the
O2-concentration and the fresh-gas
flow.
4 Right-hand block:
The keys for setting the parameters
relevant to the ventilation mode.
The example shows the parameters
for volume-controlled ventilation.
These soft keys have different functions,

depending on the operating status or
ventilation mode.
Current parameter values are displayed
in the soft key field.
3 4
0004

Operating concept
In a prominent position at the bottom

right-hand side:
The "turn-and-push" rotary knob is the
main operating control of the device and
has the following functions in all setting
operations:
1 Select/set = turn
2 Confirm = push
– to confirm the selected carrier gas or
a ventilation mode
– to set and confirm the parameters for
fresh-gas and ventilation modes
– to set and confirm the monitoring
functions.
Beside the rotary knob:

The standby key » « for switching
from operation to the standby mode.
3 Press standby key » « and
confirm by pushing the rotary knob.
1
3
2
0005
Selecting/setting ventilation
parameters
Example: PEEP ventilation parameters
4 Push the soft key »PEEP«.
Primus
5 Set the PEEP value = turn the rotary
knob.
6 Confirm the PEEP value = push the
rotary knob.
6
uni_0001

Operating concept
1 The keys for the various monitoring

functions and configurations are
located on the right-hand side of the
screen.
These keys also have different functions
1
= soft keys, depending on the monitoring
screen required.
0006
Selecting/setting monitoring
functions
For example, to change the lower alarm
limit of the end-expiratory CO2
concentration.
2 Press the »alarm limits« soft key.
The »alarm limits« menu is 2
displayed on the screen.
z Select the alarm limit = turn the

rotary knob.
Confirm the selection = push the
rotary knob.
Set the alarm limit = turn the rotary
knob.
Confirm the new alarm limit = push
the rotary knob.
uni_0002

Operating concept
Exit the »alarm limits« menu:

1 Confirm the » « symbol to exit
the menu = push the rotary knob
or
2 Press the » « key.
uni_0003
The function keys for standard functions
are located on the right-hand side of the
control panel.
» « Suppress the acoustic alarm

for 2 minutes or change the
priority of technical alarms or
acknowledge them
» « Select the screen
» « Back to standard screen

0006

Operating concept
Screen layout
1 Status field:
Displays information on the current
operating mode
2 Numerical value field:
For gas measurement
3 Alarm field:
Displays information on alarms and
their priority
4 Graphics field:
For curves and bar graphs
5 Numerical value field: ➉
For numerical values
6 Right-hand soft keys:
For monitoring/configuration
7 Prompt field:
For user guidance
8 Lower soft keys:
For the ventilation mode
➉
9 Keys for selecting the ventilation
mode
10 Keys for selecting the carrier gas
(N2O or Air)
11 Lower soft keys:
For fresh gas delivery
0008
12 Bar graphs for fresh gas (virtual flow
tubes) and fresh-gas utilization
(econometer, optional)
Three basic screens for monitoring

Standard screen, data screen and
trend screen
To call up the screens in succession:
13 Briefly press the » « key until the
required screen is displayed.
Back to the standard screen:

13
14
uni_0004

Operating concept
LED system status display

To display the status of the gas and power supply of the
Primus, several LED indicators are located at the bottom of the
screen.
1 Central gas supply (CS)
LED lights up CS line is connected and the pressure is

green within the specified range
LED off The pressure is not within the specified
range or no CS line is connected
LED flashes Malfunction of the corresponding input
green pressure reducer 1 2 3
0064
2 Backup gas cylinders
LED lights up Backup gas cylinder is connected and the

green pressure is within the specified range
LED flashes red The backup gas cylinder is connected, but
the pressure is not within the specified
range and no central gas supply is
connected.
LED off Backup gas cylinder is connected, but the
pressure is not within the specified range,
the central gas supply is connected and
within the specified range.
or
No backup gas cylinder connected.
3 Power supply
The Primus can be supplied via the mains or via a battery.
The LED of the active power source lights up green.

Operating concept
Color concept
Colors are used to highlight operating
sequences and indicate the status of
the soft keys.
Green active, can be operated

Yellow selected,
set/confirm
Black leads to another menu or
operating function
Gray not yet active, presettings
Orange current selection
Gray type cannot be operated
Horizontal soft keys

The horizontal soft keys appear green
when operable.
Proceed as follows to set a ventilation
parameter, e.g. PINSP:
z Push the relevant soft key, the color
changes from green to yellow =
setting function has been selected.
z Change, confirm the value = turn,
push the rotary knob. The color
changes from yellow to green, the
set value has been confirmed and is
0009
now effective.
If other set values change automatically

when setting a parameter, these
changed settings only appear in yellow
in the area around the parameter value.
Keys with presettings which are not yet

active appear in gray.
The selected parameter PINSP is yellow
and can be changed.
Values shown in gray

0010
– indicate discrepancies between the

values realized by the unit and those
actually set
(e. g. following a failure of the O2
supply, see page 151)
– indicate that the specified accuracy
is not being maintained.
0011

Operating concept
Vertical soft keys

The vertical soft keys appear in green.
z Push the soft key,
e.g. »interfaces logbook«,
soft key appears in black.
A menu bar with parameters is
displayed.
Parameter bar
– Parameters with orange
background:
current selection.
– Yellow cursor frame around the
menu title:
selected submenu.
– Parameters in gray type:
inactive and cannot be selected.
0012

Preparation
Preparation
Before first use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Charging the battery for emergency operation . . . . . . . . . 38
Information about transport within the clinic . . . . . . . 39
Primus as a wall/ceiling device (optional) . . . . . . . . . . 40

Characteristics - wall device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Access to the back of the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
After work is completed on the back of the device . . . . . . 40
Characteristics - ceiling device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Mounting Primus onto the DVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Connecting the gas supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Connecting the backup gas cylinders for O2 and N2O . . . 43
Caution when handling O2 cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Connecting the anesthesia gas scavenging system

AGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Connecting the endotracheal aspiration system

(optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Connecting the flexible arm for the manual breathing

bag (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Positioning the flexible arm and the manual breathing
bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Park holder for vaporizer units (optional) . . . . . . . . . . 45
Connecting the electrical connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Connecting auxiliary systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Connecting equipotential bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Connecting the power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Fuses for supplementary socket outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Preparation
Before first use

Insert the enclosed O2 sensor, see page 190. (Not applicable
for consumption-free O2 measurement.)
Insert the flow sensors, see page 178.
Charging the battery for emergency operation

Primus has a built-in uninterruptible power supply UPS which
maintains the power supply for at least 30 minutes (up to
90 minutes, depending on the ventilation parameters) in the
event of a mains power failure, provided that the battery is
charged.
Switching to battery power UPS takes place automatically,
and is indicated on the screen by the message:
»POWER FAIL«
The battery recharges automatically when the workstation is
plugged into the mains, but only up to a maximum ambient
temperature of 35 °C.
The battery must be charged for 10 hours before using the

workstation for the first time:
z Plug the mains plug of the Primus workstation into the

mains socket.
The mains voltage must correspond to that specified on
the rating plate.
1 The green LED » « lights up.
Leave Primus connected to the electrical power supply for
10 hours. It does not need to be switched on. Primus
CAUTION!
The devices connected to auxiliary power sockets will not
be powered by the UPS in the event of a power failure!
1
uni_0005

Preparation
Information about transport within the clinic

Transport is defined as
– moving the device, other than for pure calibration
purposes.
– removing the ceiling/wall-mounted variant from the
corresponding holder.
When transporting the anesthesia device:

z Only move the device using the handles provided for this
purpose.
z The anesthesia device should only be moved by persons
who are physically able.
Dräger recommends that the anesthesia device should be
moved by two persons. This also helps to improve
maneuverability.
z Take special care not to bump or knock the device when
moving it over uneven surfaces, around corners or at
thresholds (e. g. in doors or elevators).
z Do not attempt to drag the device over hoses, cables or
other obstructions on the floor.
To increase toppling stability:

z Remove all monitors and devices from the upper storage
area.
uni_0101
z Dismantle any additional mounted devices on swivel arms
or on the upper side of the device (e. g. patient monitoring,
data management systems, syringe pumps, etc.).
z Clear the writing table and push it inwards completely.
z Position the optional flexible arm for manual breathing bag
close to the device.
z Push in the ventilator module and drawers.
Failure to observe these points may result in the device

toppling over.
WARNING!
The front castors of the Primus ceiling device are not
suitable for transportation! They are used as a
maneuvering aid only.
To transport the Primus ceiling device, tilt it back and
move it on its rear castors.
WARNING!
It is permitted to adjust the device on the right-hand side
(when looking at the device screen) via the swivel arm
provided that the permitted length of 40 cm (16 inches)
and a total weight of 12.5 kg (27 pounds) are not
exceeded as a result of using the arm. The
corresponding Instructions for Installation of the arms
remain valid irrespective of this.
CAUTION!
Apply the brakes on the device to ensure that it cannot be
moved accidentally during operation.

Preparation
Primus as a wall/ceiling device (optional)

Characteristics - wall device
The wall device is permanently installed and can be delivered
as a left swiveling or right swiveling version.
Optionally, a shelf can be mounted above the anesthesia
device, which, if required, can be additionally supplemented
by a drawer.
Structure of wall holder:

1 Wall plate
2 Cable rest
3 Angle brackets
4 Release knob 1
5 Swivel shelf
6 Swiveling axis 2
Access to the back of the device
z The Primus can be swiveled up to 90° from the wall.
Pull the release knob (4) and swivel the anesthesia device 6
up to a maximum of 90° using the handle of the Primus.
Depending on which side of the wall mount support the 3
swiveling axis (6) is on, the release knob (4) can be found
on the left or right side. 4
CAUTION!
Avoid collisions! Please be careful not to collide with optional 5
side-mounted devices or installations or persons in the room
when swiveling the arm.
uni_0088
z Connect the gas supply and the electrical connections,
see page 42 and page 46.
z Provide equipotential bonding.
z Use the opening and cable rest (2) provided on the back
side of device.
After work is completed on the back of the device

z Swivel the device to the wall again until the release
mechanism clicks into the locked position.
z Ensure that Primus is securely fixed to the wall by pulling
slightly.
NOTE:
Always place the device in the wall position – this is space-
saving and a protection against damage!

Preparation
Characteristics - ceiling device

In connection with the ceiling supply units Movita lift or
Forta lift, the anesthesia device Primus can be used as a
ceiling device.
The ceiling supply units can accommodate the anesthesia

device Primus by using the device receptacle M and an
appropriate operating unit for the lift.
Mounting Primus onto the DVE

For Forta lift: see Instructions for Use 90 37 859, chapter
"Coupling / decoupling anesthetic device or trolley".
For Movita lift: see Instructions for Use 90 37 852, chapter

"Coupling / decoupling device (e.g. anesthetic device) or
trolley".
Primus ceiling
adapter, upper -
uni_0089
G 18 150
Primus ceiling adapter,

lower - G 18 145
uni_0090

Preparation
Connecting the gas supply

Use only cleaned and disinfected parts!
1 Screw on the compressed gas hoses of the central gas

supply (CS) for O2, AIR, N2O to the front connections of
the gas inlet block. The two outer ports at the back are
reserved for the backup gas cylinders.
A compressed air outlet for the optional secretion
aspiration and an O2 outlet for an external O2 flow tube are
optionally available.
z Plug the other end of the pressure hoses into the wall
supply points.
1
N2O AIR O2
uni_0006
NOTE:
Ensure that the gas pressures at the workstation range
between 2.7 and 6.9 bar. # Primus
2 All three LEDs illuminate green.

The LEDs remain dark if the gas pressure is <2.7 bar or if
the gas hose is not connected.
2
uni_0007

Preparation
Connecting the backup gas cylinders for O2 and N2O

Even if the workstation is connected to a central gas supply,
cylinders must remain on the device as backup supply.
At the back of the workstation:

1 Place full cylinders in the cylinder holders and secure them
into position.
2 Screw the pressure reducing adapters onto the cylinder
valves.
3 Screw the gas hoses into the ports at the back of the gas 4
supply block.
4 Connect the pressure sensor leads.
z Open the cylinder valves.
The LEDs indicating the cylinder pressure status should 2 2
illuminate green. If the LEDs remain dark, check to make sure
that the sensor plug and pressure reducer have been 3
connected correctly and that the cylinder pressure is
adequate.
1 1
z Close the cylinder valves.
WARNING! N2O O2
If the valves remain open when connected to the central

gas supply, gas may be withdrawn from the backup
cylinders. 1 1
Caution when handling O2 cylinders
uni_0008
WARNING!
Do not oil or grease the O2 cylinder valves or O2
pressure reducing adapters and do not handle with
greasy fingers.
Danger of explosion!
– The cylinder valves must be opened/closed slowly by
hand. Do not use tools.
– If a cylinder valve is leaky or difficult to operate, it must be
repaired by an expert.
WARNING!
Only use Dräger pressure reducing adapters which are
suitable for Primus!

Preparation
Connecting the anesthesia gas scavenging

system AGS
1 Connect the transfer hose to the waste gas port and to the
port of the scavenging system.
2 Connect the scavenging hose to the port of the scavenging
system.
3 Connect the anesthetic waste gas plug to the aspirating 3
hose.
4 Ensure that the second connection to the scavenging
1
system is sealed by a screw plug. 4
Follow the Instructions for Use included with the anesthetic
gas scavenging system AGS.
1 2
Anesthetic gas scavenging may be connected optionally to the
left-hand side of the workstation.
uni_0009
Connecting the endotracheal aspiration
system (optional)
z Prepare the endotracheal aspiration system according to
the Instructions for Use included with the system.
Depending on the aspiration version used:
If Air is used as driving gas:

z Secure the Air connecting hose of the endotracheal
aspiration system to the central gas supply (CS) for Air.
5 Optionally, the Air connecting hose of the endotracheal
aspiration system can be secured to the Air outlet on the
back of the gas supply block at the back of the Primus.
For vacuum-driven aspiration:

z Connect the vacuum hose of the endotracheal aspiration
system directly to the wall supply point.
Check that the endotracheal aspiration system is ready for

operation according to the Instructions for Use included with
the aspiration unit.
CAUTION!
Prior to using the suction unit, disconnect the patient from the
anesthesia device/ventilator.
The suction unit must be used correctly in order not to
AIR
endanger the patient.
Note the Instructions for Use of the suction unit.
5
uni_0010

Preparation
Connecting the flexible arm for the manual

breathing bag
(optional)
The flexible arm connects the manual breathing bag to the
breathing system. It is used to define the position of the
manual breathing bag.
Positioning the flexible arm and the manual breathing bag

1 If fitted: Disconnect the socket for the manual breathing
bag from the breathing system.
2 Position the socket of the arm on the breathing system and
tighten it with the two knurled screws.
z Check that the arm is fixed securely!
2 2
uni_0094
Park holder for vaporizer units (optional)
CAUTION!
Do not attach the park holder for vaporizer units directly next
to the vaporizer holder on the anesthetic device.
There is a risk that the parked vaporizer unit is mixed up with
vaporizer units that are currently in operation.

Preparation
Connecting the electrical connections

Connecting auxiliary systems
1 Connect to auxiliary sockets at the back of the workstation.
CAUTION!
The auxiliary sockets are not powered by the uninterruptible
power supply UPS in the event of a power failure!
Do not connect HF surgical devices to the auxiliary 1

sockets!
3
CAUTION!
Connecting equipment to the auxiliary power sockets may
cause the patient leakage current to rise above the permitted
values if a protective earth conductor should fail. The risk of
electric shock cannot be excluded in such cases. Additional
power adapter sockets must not be connected to the 2
auxiliary sockets.
Note the maximum power consumption of the auxiliary

systems (refer to the corresponding Instructions for Use).
Connecting equipotential bonding

e. g. for intracardiac or intracranial operations.
uni_0011
2 Connect one end of the earth cable to one of the
connecting pins located at the back of the workstation.
z Connect the other end of the earth cable to the specified
equipotential bonding point, e. g. on the operating table or
ceiling lamp.
3 Connect equipotential bonding to auxiliary systems.
Connecting the power supply

The mains voltage must correspond to that specified on the
rating plate at the back of the workstation:
100 to 240 V
z Plug the mains plug into the wall socket.
LED » « on the front of the workstation lights up green.

Preparation
Fuses for supplementary socket outlets

When using the two-fold socket strip with automatic circuit-
breakers:
If a fuse is tripped (position 0):
z Remedy the fault, then press the switch at the automatic
fuse to the position I.
z The fuse is active again.
0
I
0
I
uni_0012
When using the three-fold socket strip* with safety fuses:
z Remedy the fault, then
z have the safety fuse replaced by an electrician.
uni_0087
* Only available in countries with socket outlets conforming to

DIN 49440

Getting started
Getting started
Device check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Power on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Central gas supply CS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Backup gas cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
O2 flush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
O2 emergency delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Emergency breathing bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Vaporizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Breathing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
AGS anesthetic gas scavenging system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Emptying the water trap WaterLock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Preparing Primus for the self test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Self test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
System compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Locating and eliminating leakages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Proposals on how to systematically limit components
when locating leakages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Emergency start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Getting started
Device check
Prerequisites:
The device has been prepared (see
"Hygiene and care" on page 165) and
assembled ready for operation (see
"Assembly" on page 178)
The gas supply and power supply must
be connected.
CAUTION!
Apply the brakes on the device to
ensure that it cannot be moved
accidentally.
Power on
1 Switch on Primus: press the power
switch » «, an acoustic
tone sounds.
After approx. 15 seconds all LEDs 1
and the loudspeaker are tested by
Primus.
The initial screen appears after about

20 seconds. Primus now loads its
uni_0013
software and tests its internal memory.
The check list is displayed after about

35 seconds.
z Check the components as instructed
in the check list on the screen.
If the self test has to be interrupted, e. g.
for a quick start in an emergency:
z Press the »cancel test« key, see
"Emergency start" on page 64
WARNING!
A cancelation of the test may lead to
malfunctions.
Greater attention is required during
operation!
0013

Getting started
Central gas supply CS

Gas pressures:
1 All LEDs turn green, the pressure values are between 2.7
and 6.9 bar.
The LEDs remain dark if the gas pressure is <2.7 bar or if
the gas hose is not connected.
If accessories are connected to the optional O2 or AIR outputs

on the gas inlet block, check that they are working correctly!
uni_0014
Backup gas cylinders
2 Slowly open the cylinder valves.
LEDs light up green when 2 2
O2 pressure is over 20 bar
and
N2O pressure is over 10 bar*:
The cylinder pressures are shown on the screen.
2 Close the cylinder valves again.
WARNING!
N 2O O2
If the valves are open when connected to the central gas
supply, gas may be withdrawn from the backup
cylinders.
The gas supplies available can be selected in the standby

configuration see page 139. Only these gas supplies will then
be checked during the self test and an alarm issued in the
event of a fault during normal operation. The central oxygen
uni_0015
supply and the O2-cylinder cannot both be configured as not

present at the same time.
Open the backup gas cylinders which have been configured
as present for the self test and then close them.
O2 must be connected for the following self test.
* See page 201 for precise details on cylinder pressures.

Getting started
O2 flush
1 Close the Y-piece = plug firmly onto the cone.
2 Press »O2+« button.
3 Breathing bag inflates with an audible flow.
O2 emergency delivery
1 Close the Y-piece = plug firmly onto the cone. 2 4
1
4 Press the »Safety O2« knob to disengage for O2
emergency delivery and turn to adjust flow.
3 Breathing bag inflates with an audible flow.
4 Turn »Safety O2« knob back to its original position to
discontinue O2 emergency delivery and press it inwards.
1
3
uni_0016
Emergency breathing bag
Example: Dräger Resutator 2000
z The emergency breathing bag is present on the device and
its functionality has been checked.
Note the Instructions for Use.
Vaporizers
NOTE:
Note the corresponding enclosed Instructions for Use when
using the Vapor 19.3, Vapor 2000 or D-Vapor.
The vaporizers being used must correspond to standard

ISO 8835-4.
The Vapor 2000 is shown and described here.
5 Locking lever points to the left = locked.

5 5
z Vapor is mounted straight and seated securely on the
vaporizer connection.
6 Filling level is adequate.
7 Handwheel set to »0« and engaged. 0 8 0
8 Unused vaporizer is locked by means of interlock slide 7 7
(example: left-hand Vapor locked).
After filling or changing the vaporizer:

z Perform leak test, see page 93.
WARNING!
6 6
Note vaporizer flow limits!
Example Vapor 2000:
0.25 to 15 L/min
uni_0017
or
0.25 to 10 L/min at a concentration of >5 %

Getting started
Breathing system
z Complete and engaged, hoses firmly plugged in.
z Insert optional filters.
z Fresh soda lime, without violet discoloration.
NOTE:
Drain any water which may have collected in the ventilator
diaphragm.
WARNING!
Correct operation of the workstation will be impaired by
condensation flowing back into the breathing system
and ventilator diaphragm.
In the case of condensation, install water traps in the
hoses.
WARNING!
Care must be taken when connecting the patient.
Risk of strangulation!
WARNING!
uni_0018
Only flush the soda lime in the anesthesia system with
dry gases briefly!
The soda lime loses humidity. Generally, if the humidity

falls below a minimum set point, undesirable reactions
can occur, independent of the type of lime and the
inhalation anesthetic being used:
- reduced CO2 absorption,
- increased heat build-up in the absorber and thus
increased breathing gas temperature,
- formation of CO,
- absorption and/or decomposition of the inhalation
anesthetic.
These reactions could pose a danger to the patient.
Note the Instructions for Use of the Drägersorb 800 Plus or

Drägersorb FREE soda lime.

Getting started
AGS anesthetic gas scavenging system

1 The transfer hose from the waste gas port must be
connected.
2 The scavenging hose must be connected, the anesthetic
waste gas probe must be plugged into the Dräger wall
socket and the indicator must be green.
3 The float must be between the two marks.
2 1
1 2
uni_0019

Getting started
Emptying the water trap WaterLock

z Check filling level in water trap.
When the level reaches the mark:

1 Pull the water trap out of its holder and empty it.
uni_0020
z Insert an empty syringe without canula, at least 20 mL, into
the connector.
z Extract water, remove syringe and dispose of full syringe
with ordinary domestic waste.
z Slide the water trap back into its holder – until it engages
tangibly.
uni_0021
CAUTION!
Do not put the device into operation without a water trap.
Danger of contamination of device.
CAUTION!
Do not spray the O-rings of the water trap holder with silicone
spray. Silicone can get into the measuring cuvette and distort
the gas measurement.
WARNING!
Avoid the use of aerosols in the breathing system. The
water trap must not be used in combination with a
medication nebulizer!
These substances can damage the diaphragm and the
measurement system.
See "Emptying or replacing the WaterLock water trap" on

page 188 for additional information on using the water trap.

Getting started
Preparing Primus for the self test

1 Close the Y-piece = plug firmly onto the cone.
2 Ensure that the sample line is connected to the Y-piece 2
and to the water trap.
3 Set the APL valve to position »Man« and to 30 mbar.
2 3
uni_0022

Getting started
Notes on the use of bacterial filters, endotracheal tubes,

Y-pieces, breathing hoses, soda lime and other
accessories for breathing systems
WARNING!
When using additional components in the breathing
system or configurations which deviate from the
standard hose system, the inspiratory and expiratory
breathing resistances can be increased to values which
exceed the standard requirement.
If configurations of this kind are used, the user must
exercise due caution and monitoring.
With spontaneous breathing, higher breathing resistances

mean that the patient must do more breathing work.
During volume-controlled ventilation, an increase in breathing
resistance has a slight effect on the applied volume during
inspiration. However, the PEAK pressure is increased with the
plateau pressure remaining constant. The time constant (RC)
is increased in the expiration phase as a result. If the
expiration times are too short, the lung might not be emptied
completely, resulting in a dynamic overfilling of the lungs (air
trapping).
During pressure-controlled ventilation, an increase in the
airway resistances can reduce the inspiratory or expiratory
volume.
Before the self test is performed, the accessories which are to

be used for the application must be connected. The expansion
hoses must be drawn out to the intended user length. This is
the only way of ensuring that the compliance is determined
correctly and a correct tidal volume is applied during volume-
controlled ventilation.
If coaxial hoses are used, leakages between the inner and

outer hose are not detected during the self test/leak test.

Getting started
Self test
If all points on the check list are OK:
z Confirm = push the rotary knob.
The self test is started. It proceeds
automatically and takes
approx. 5 minutes.
After the self test has been started, a

double tone (horn test "passed") and a
single tone (horn test in the power
supply unit "passed") sound one after
the other with the set alarm tone volume.
If no tone is sounded, contact
DrägerService.
Primus carries out the automatic tests

and actions indicated on the screen.
The progress made in the self test is

indicated by the bar graph.
Test results are color-coded and

displayed:
– Green: test completed successfully.
– Yellow: workstation can be used with
restrictions.
– Red: test must be repeated,
malfunction, operation impossible or
not permitted. The test can no longer
be cancelled.
The clock symbol » « indicates which

test step is currently being tested.
Interruption of the test is symbolized by

an exclamation mark.
0014

Getting started
Errors discovered during the self test and an advisory window

with information on how to remedy the problem are displayed
on the screen.
Functions highlighted in yellow can be confirmed with the

»accept« soft key which is then displayed, e. g.: speaker
failure. The workstation starts operation without this function.
WARNING!
Functions highlighted in yellow may not meet with the
specified technical data.
The error must be remedied as quickly as possible!
WARNING!
Errors highlighted in red must be remedied before
starting, for instance if there is no O2 supply.
WARNING!
If the flow sensor, oxygen sensor, or gas sensor is not
operational, adequate substitute monitoring must be
ensured before starting the workstation!

Getting started
System compliance
Primus determines the current
compliance of the patient system with
filters, hoses and a Y-piece. Depending
on the breathing hoses used, the
inspiratory system compliance is
approx. 1.2 mL/mbar.
Leakage
Leakages are tested in the mechanical
subsystem and in the complete system
(see gas diagrams).
Leakage Leak test in the

(System): mechanical ventilation
branch
Indication of the leakage
value in mL/min and red/
yellow/green test result
indicator
Leakage Leak test in the complete
(Man.Spont.): system
Indication of leakages
>150 mL/min in mL/min
and with red/yellow/
green test result
indicator
0015
Primus determines the current leakage
of the breathing system and breathing
hoses. The system tolerates leakage of
up to 150 mL/min.
NOTE:
For leaks of more than 150 mL/min:
Check the components of the breathing
system, repair any leaks and repeat the
leak test.
0016

Getting started
Locating and eliminating leakages

The self test incorporates a leak test. If this test is not passed,
the leakages must be remedied, before continuing the test by
pressing the rotary knob. A leakage test can also be carried
out later in »Standby« with the »leak test« key, see page 93.
Possible causes of leaks include e.g.:

– Absorber not firmly screwed to the breathing system
– APL valve is not firmly fixed to the breathing system cover
(damaged) or not set to 30 mbar
– Manual breathing bag, breathing hoses, Y-piece or
microbial filter are not connected correctly or damaged
– Flexible arm for manual breathing bag (optional) not fitted
correctly on the breathing system, sealing ring soiled or
damaged
– Water trap not connected

– Sample line for gas measurement not connected or leaky
(there may be a kinked bend in the connections)
– Connections for the sample line for gas measurement
cracked or defective
– O-ring of the inspiratory and expiratory ports missing,

soiled or damaged
– Flow sensors not fitted correctly or damaged, rear O-ring
missing
– O2 sensor not (or not correctly) connected (for
electrochemical O2 measurement only)
– Breathing system cover not mounted correctly, not all five

sealing screws closed
– Visible damage on valves or seals of the breathing system
metal valve plate
– Breathing system not mounted correctly, not all three
sealing screws closed
– Ventilator diaphragm defective or not fitted correctly
(Dräger legend must be visible from above)
– 15 mm cone for connecting the Y-piece scratched or
damaged
– Vaporizer fill or drain connections leaky or opened,

vaporizer not mounted correctly, O-ring missing or
handwheel not set to »0«

Getting started
Proposals on how to systematically limit components

when locating leakages.
Carry out the described measures and perform or continue the
leak test:
Exclude the sample line for gas measurement from the

leak test
z Remove the sample line for gas measurement and seal
the Luer lock connection on the Y-piece.
Exclude the breathing hoses from the leak test

z Disconnect the breathing hoses from the breathing
system. Connect the inspiratory and expiratory ports with
a hose that does not leak. Connect the manual breathing
bag directly to the breathing system
Exclude the vaporizers from the leak test

z Remove the vaporizers from the workstation.
NOTE:
Possible cause of leaks:
The vaporizer is not connected properly or the filling device is
open.

Getting started
Primus switches to standby after the self

test.
1 Note the information in the complete
test results and the instructions for
further procedure!
2 Press the soft key »self test
results«. The self test results are 2
displayed.
0017
Display:
»Self Test Results«
0018

Getting started
Emergency start
Use only in urgent cases if there is no
time for the self test!
1 Switch on the workstation.

z Check that both vaporizers are
closed.
2 Set the »Safety O2« knob for O2
emergency flow to the required O2
flow, between 0 to 12 L/min.
z Start manual ventilation.
Wait for the internal loading of the
software and the testing of the
electronics. The check list is
displayed after about 35 seconds.
1
2
uni_0023
3 Press the soft key »cancel test«.
The device only runs through a
minimal self test for
about 10 seconds. Manual ventilation
is interrupted for this time, but
spontaneous breathing can continue.
Primus is ready for operation about

1 minute after initiating. The O2 sensor
is completely calibrated after about 3
2 minutes.
The leak and compliance test is not
performed. The accuracy levels
specified in the chapter "Technical data"
cannot be guaranteed.
0019

Getting started
To prevent abuse of this feature, the self test can only be

cancelled ten times in succession.
After ten cancellations, the self test cannot be canceled the
next time that Primus is started and a complete self test must
be carried out.
WARNING!
Canceling a test can lead to limited operation.
Greater attention is required during operation!
The workstation switches to the standby mode after

completing the minimal self test.
To start Primus:
z Turn the »Safety O2« knob for O2 emergency delivery to
»0« and press it.
z Select the fresh-gas setting and ventilation mode, see
"Operation" on page 67.

Operation
Operation
Loading default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Leak test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Entering the patient's age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 End of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Switch off the anesthetic gas scavenging system AGS . . 96
Entering the patient's ideal body weight (optional) . . . 68
When Primus is not in use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Setting fresh-gas concentrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Adjustment ranges and default values upon delivery . . . . 69
Selecting the carrier gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Setting the O2 concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Setting the fresh-gas flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
SORC (Sensitive Oxygen Ratio Controller) . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Fresh-gas failure detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Setting the Vapor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Pressure control valve APL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Man.Spont. ventilation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Manual ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Quick release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Spontaneous breathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Pressure control valve APL (up to and including January
2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Man.Spont. ventilation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Manual ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Spontaneous breathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Start manual ventilation/spontaneous breathing . . . . . . . . 75
O2 flush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Volume Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Synchronized volume-controlled ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Synchronized volume-controlled ventilation with pressure
support (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Pressure Mode ventilation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Synchronized pressure-controlled ventilation . . . . . . . . . . 80
Synchronized pressure-controlled ventilation with
pressure support (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Pressure Support Mode (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Adjustment ranges and default settings upon delivery . . . 84
Presetting the ventilation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Starting ventilation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Frequency changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Changes in PEEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Changes in TINSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Changing between ventilation modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Using non-rebreathing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Display (example): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Ending the external fresh-gas mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Ventilating children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Attaching breathing hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Changing patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Changing soda lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Operation
Loading default settings

The default settings for gas metering, ventilation and alarms
are loaded in the standby screen and can be modified in the
standard configuration if necessary.
These default settings are valid whenever Primus is switched
on. They can be changed and set as required for the specific
hospital concerned, see "Configuring the default settings" on
page 130.
1 Press the soft key »restore default settings« and push

the rotary knob to confirm.
Entering the patient's age

The set age influences the calculation of the MAC value, the
volumeter scale, the V-axis of the loops and ventilation
monitoring, as well as the alarm limits for SpO2 measurement
(optional) during operation.
In addition, the trigger sensitivities and software algorithms for
suppressing artifacts are also modified, thus influencing the 2 3 1
quality of ventilation in modes supporting spontaneous
breathing.
2 Press the soft key »age«.

z Set and confirm the age using the rotary knob.
uni_0024
Entering the patient's ideal body weight
(optional)
The patient's ideal body weight describes that proportion of
body mass of relevance for setting the ventilation parameters,
(the patient's body weight minus the assumed excess fat).
The set ideal body weight influences the ventilator default
settings for tidal volume »VT« and frequency »Freq.« as well
as the alarm limits for the expiratory minute volume »MV«
during operation.
3 Press the soft key »weight«.
z Set and confirm the weight using the rotary knob.

Operation
Setting fresh-gas
concentrations
– O2 concentration »O2 %«
– Fresh-gas flow »flow L/min«
The fresh-gas settings can be changed

before selecting a ventilation mode.
Fresh gas does not flow in the standby
mode (soft keys = gray). The fresh-gas
flow is not enabled until a ventilation
mode has been started (soft keys =
green).
0020
Adjustment ranges and default
values upon delivery
Fresh-gas parameters Adjustment range Default value upon
delivery
Carrier gas Air or N2O Air
O2 % 21 to 100 for carrier 100
gas Air
25 to 100 for carrier
gas N2O
Fresh-gas flow L/min 0.2 to 18 2

Operation
Selecting the carrier gas

1 Press the hard key »N2O« or »Air«.
The green LED in the key flashes.
z Push the rotary knob to confirm. The green LED lights
continuously.
The selected fresh-gas components are displayed on the

screen.
Setting the O2 concentration

2 Press the soft key »O2 %«.
The key field appears yellow. 2
z Set and confirm the O2 concentration using the rotary
knob.
uni_0025
Setting the fresh-gas flow
3 Press the soft key »flow L/min«.
The key field appears yellow.
z Set and confirm the fresh-gas flow using the rotary knob.
CAUTION!
The use of minimum flow settings or low flow settings may
lead to the accumulation of metabolic products in the
breathing system.
3
uni_0026

Operation
SORC (Sensitive Oxygen Ratio Controller)

Primus is fitted with an electronic O2 minimum delivery system
to avoid hypoxic gas mixtures when N2O is selected as carrier 100
gas. The minimum O2 concentration is limited to 25 % for
90
fresh-gas flows of more than 0.8 L/min.
For fresh-gas flow settings below 0.8 L/min, the O2- 80
O2 - concentration %
concentration is automatically increased to a value 70
corresponding to an O2 flow of 200 mL/min. If this control Adjustment range
60
system is activated, the O2 %-value is also highlighted with a
50
yellow background in addition to the active setting. The
40 x
minimum oxygen delivery consequently equals 200 mL/min
when using N2O as carrier gas. 30
The SORC function is not active when Air is selected as carrier 20
gas and 100 % Air can be metered throughout the entire flow 10
range.
0
0.2 0.5 0.8 18.00
(max.)
Fresh gas flow L/min
0021
Fresh-gas failure detection
During operation, Primus checks that the piston cylinder unit
has a sufficient level of fresh gas.
If a sufficient level of fresh gas is not possible, the system first

displays message »FG LOW OR LEAK«.
In addition, alarm »PINSP. NOT ATTAINED« or »VOLUME
NOT ATTAINED« is displayed if the system is unable to
maintain the defined ventilation.
To ensure that ventilation continues, the device will

subsequently use ambient air to fill a too low gas volume. This
may change the gas composition. Carefully check the gas
mixture.
DrägerService can change the behavior of the device so that

it does not use ambient air for the filling. The device will then
ventilate with limited »VT« or »PINSP«, if possible.
z Increase the fresh-gas flow.

z Seal possibly existing leaks.

Operation
Setting the Vapor

1 Lock the unused vaporizer = slide lever completely
towards the unused Vapor (example: left-hand Vapor
locked).
If the handwheel is set to »T«: 3
2 Press »0« key, engage handwheel at 0. Wait 0 1 0
5 seconds for pressure to balance.
3 Press »0« key and
turn handwheel counterclockwise to set the required
2
anesthetic gas concentration.
uni_0027

Operation
Ventilation
Pressure control valve APL
Man.Spont. ventilation mode

On the pressure control valve APL, you can select between
manual ventilation »Man.« and spontaneous breathing
»Spont«.
uni_0095
Manual ventilation
z Adjust the valve head to the required maximum airway
pressure.
Settings between the stops are also possible.
The patient can be ventilated by hand via the manual
breathing bag. The pressure is limited to the set value.
Even in automatic ventilation, the APL valve must be
adjusted to a pressure that is safe for the patient!
10 20 30
uni_0096
Quick release
z Release pressure from the breathing system by lifting the
valve head.
uni_0097
Spontaneous breathing
z Turn the head of the APL valve fully counterclockwise.
The dots concide and the valve head is lifted.
The pressure limitation is cancelled, the valve is open for free
spontaneous breathing.
Spont
uni_0098

Operation
Pressure control valve APL (up to and including January

2005)
Man.Spont. ventilation mode

Choose between manual ventilation Man. and spontaneous
breathing Spont. on the APL pressure control valve.
uni_0028
Manual ventilation
1 Set the lever of the APL pressure control valve to »MAN«
and
11
2 set the pressure limit = rotate lever.
The patient can be ventilated by hand via the manual

breathing bag. The pressure is limited to the set value.
22
uni_0029
To relieve the pressure quickly:
z Press the pop-off valve.
uni_0030
Spontaneous breathing
3 Set the lever of the APL pressure control valve to
»SPONT«. 3
The pressure control valve is now open for free
spontaneous breathing, regardless of the set pressure
SPONT
limit.
SPONT
uni_0031

Operation
Start manual ventilation/spontaneous

breathing
1 Press the »Man.Spont.« key; its
LED and the status line flash.
2 Confirm with rotary knob.
2
1
uni_0032
Display (example):
Certain alarms are disabled

automatically in the ventilation mode
»Man.Spont.« in order to avoid
artifacts.
See page 119 for a list of alarms which
are active in the »Man.Spont.« mode.
0022

Operation
O2 flush
– For flushing and rapidly filling the breathing system and
breathing bag with O2 while bypassing the vaporizer.
1 Press the »O2+« button. O2 flows into the breathing
system without anesthetic gas as long as the button is
pushed in.
uni_0033

Operation
Volume Mode
Volume-controlled ventilation mode with fixed mandatory tidal Pressure
volume »VT« and frequency »Freq.« (former IPPV), as well as PMAX Trigger indicator Trigger indicator
PPEAK
with optional sychronization activation (former SIMV(VC)) and
variable pressure support for spontaneous breathing efforts PPLAT Trigger
on
(former SIMV(VC)+PS, optional). ∆ PPS
The respiratory cycle is defined through the frequency TSLOPE Time [s]
TIP
»Freq.«, the inspiratory time »TINSP«, the magnitude of the TINSP TEXP
inspiration flow, the inspiratory pause time »TIP:TINSP« and 1/Freq.

∆ PPS
the tidal volume »VT«. Synchronization and pressure support on
are controlled by the sensitivity of the flow trigger and the level Flow
of »∆ PPS«. The maximum time interval for controlled

ventilation is set via the frequency. In order to maintain a
constant frequency, a time interval triggered prematurely is
compensated in the next cycle. 25%
Time [s]
Flow trigger Flow-trigger window
0023
Synchronized volume-controlled ventilation
Synchronization is activated by entering a value for the trigger
sensitivity. This can be defined via the soft key »extra
settings«.
1 Press the soft key »extra settings«. The trigger sensitivity

»Trigger« is displayed.
2 Press the soft key »Trigger«. The last value set appears
as default value when the key is activated.
z Set and confirm the trigger sensitivity with the rotary knob.
When finally confirmed, the indication »sync« in the status
area of the ventilation mode lights up steadily instead of
flashing.
A ventilation stroke triggered by the patient is represented by

a continuous vertical black line in the pressure curve and in the
flow curve (trigger indicator). The active window for the stroke
triggered by the patient corresponds to the last 25 % of the
applicable expiratory time.
1
The actual trigger status is shown above the keys for the 2
ventilation parameters.
uni_0034

Operation
Synchronized volume-controlled
ventilation with pressure support
(optional)
Pressure support is activated during
volume-controlled ventilation by
entering a value for the level of pressure
support. This can be defined via the soft
key »∆ PPS«.
z Press the soft key »∆ PPS«. When

the key is activated, the last value set
for pressure support appears as the
default value, together with the last
value set for the trigger sensitivity
above it.
z Set and confirm the value for
pressure support with the rotary
knob. When finally confirmed, the
indication »PressSupp« in the
status area of the ventilation mode
lights up steadily instead of flashing.
uni_0086
If the patient was being ventilated
without synchronization when pressure
support was activated, synchronization
will now be activated automatically with
the last trigger setting used.
Synchronization is maintained with the
set value when pressure support is
deactivated and set to »OFF«.
Pressure support is automatically
deactivated when the trigger is
The actual trigger status is shown above
the keys for the ventilation parameters.
0078

Operation
Adjustment ranges and default values upon delivery
Ventilation parameters Adjustment Default value

range upon delivery1)
Pressure limitation 10 to 70 40
PMAX [mbar] min. PEEP +10
Tidal volume 20 to 14002) 600
VT [mL]
Frequency Freq.3),4) 3 to 80 12
[1/min]
Inspiration time 0.2 to 6.7 1.7
TINSP4) [sec.]
Insp. pause time : 0 to 60 10
Insp. time TIP:TINSP
[%]
PEEP [mbar] 0 to 20 0
max. PMAX –10
Trigger sensitivity OFF, 3.0
Trigger [L/min] 0.3 to 15 (Press. Supp.
Mode)
OFF (Vol./Press.
Mode)
Pressure support OFF,
∆ PPS5) [mbar] 3 to 50 5
(Press. Supp.
Mode)
max. PMAX – OFF
PEEP (Vol./Press.
Mode)
Rise time «TSLOPE« 0.0 to 2.0 0.0
[sec.]
Age [years] <1 to 120 40
1) The default values can be set specifically for the hospital concerned,
see page 130.
2) Optionally 10 to 1400 mL.
3) Depending on the configuration, the inspiratory time TINSP can be
automatically changed together with adjustment of the frequency so
that the resultant ratio of inspiration to expiration I:E remains constant.
Only applies if trigger = »OFF«, see "Ventilator and gas delivery" on
page 139.
4) The resultant ratio of inspiration to expiration I:E is also displayed in
parallel.
5) Optional

Operation
Pressure Mode ventilation mode

Pressure-controlled ventilation mode with fixed pressure Pressure Trigger indicator Trigger indicator
limitation »PINSP« and frequency »Freq.« (former PCV), as
well as with optional synchronization (former SIMV(PC)) and
variable pressure support for spontaneous breathing efforts PINSP
(former SIMV(PC)+PS, optional). Δ PPS

Trigger
A continuous pressure is applied to the patient during the TSLOPE Time [s]
on
inspiratory time »TINSP«. The rate at which the pressure curve TINSP TEXP
1/Freq.
rises is pre-set via the rise time »TSLOPE«. Synchronization
and pressure support are controlled by the sensitivity of the
flow trigger and the level of »∆ PPS«. The maximum time Flow Δ PPS
on
interval for controlled ventilation is set via the frequency. To
maintain a constant frequency, a time interval triggered
prematurely is compensated in the next cycle.
25%
Changes in lung compliance and ventilation parameters
influence the tidal volume. Time [s]
Flow trigger Flow-trigger window
0025
Synchronized pressure-controlled ventilation
Synchronization is activated by entering a value for the trigger
sensitivity. This can be defined via the soft key »extra
settings«.
1 Press the soft key »extra settings«. The trigger sensitivity

»Trigger« is displayed.
2 Press the soft key »Trigger«. The last value set appears
as default value when the key is activated.
z Set and confirm the trigger sensitivity with the rotary knob.
When finally confirmed, the indication »sync« in the status
area of the ventilation mode lights up steadily instead of
flashing.
A ventilation stroke triggered by the patient is represented by

a continuous vertical black line in the pressure curve and in the
flow curve (trigger indicator). The active window for the stroke
triggered by the patient corresponds to the last 25 % of the
applicable expiratory time.
1
The actual trigger status is shown above the keys for the 2
ventilation parameters.
uni_0034

Operation
Synchronized pressure-controlled
ventilation with pressure support
(optional)
Pressure support is activated during
pressure-controlled ventilation by
entering a value for the level of pressure
support. This can be defined via the soft
key »∆ PPS«.
z Press the soft key »∆ PPS«. When

the key is activated, the last value set
for pressure support appears as the
default value, together with the last
value set for the trigger sensitivity
above it.
z Set and confirm the value for
pressure support with the rotary
knob. When finally confirmed, the
indication »PressSupp« in the
status area of the ventilation mode
lights up steadily instead of flashing.
uni_0086
If the patient was being ventilated
without synchronization when pressure
support was activated, synchronization
will now be activated automatically with
the last trigger setting used.
Synchronization is maintained with the
set value when pressure support is
Pressure support is automatically

deactivated when the trigger is
The actual trigger status is shown above
the keys for the ventilation parameters.
0079

Operation

values upon delivery

Pressure limitation 5 to 70 15
PINSP [mbar] min. PEEP +5
Frequency Freq.2),3) 3 to 80 12
[1/min]
Inspiration time 0.2 to 6.7 1.7
TINSP3) [sec.]
Insp. pause time : 0 to 60 10
Insp. time TIP:TINSP
[%]
PEEP4) [mbar] 0 to 20 0
max. PINSP –5
Trigger sensitivity OFF, 3.0
Trigger [L/min] 0.3 to 15 (Press. Supp.
Mode)
OFF (Vol./Press.
Mode)
Pressure support OFF,
∆ PPS5) [mbar] 3 to 50 5
(Press Supp.
Mode)
max. PMAX – OFF
PEEP (Vol./Press.
Mode)
Rise time «TSLOPE« 0.0 to 2.0 0.0
[sec.]
1) The default values can be set specifically for the hospital concerned,
see page 130.
2) Depending on the configuration, the inspiratory time TINSP can be
automatically changed together with adjustment of the frequency so
that the resultant ratio of inspiration to expiration I:E remains constant.
Only applies if trigger = »OFF«, see "Ventilator and gas delivery" on
page 139.
3) The resultant ratio of inspiration to expiration I:E is also displayed in
parallel.
4) Depending on the configuration, the pressure limit value PINSP can
also be changed automatically together with adjustment of the PEEP
value. See "Starting ventilation mode" on page 86 and "Ventilator and
gas delivery" on page 139.
5) Optional

Operation
Pressure Support Mode (optional)

Pressure-assisted ventilation mode for
patients with spontaneous breathing. Trigger indicator Trigger indicator
Pressure
Synchronization and pressure support Apnea
for the spontaneous breathing efforts ventilation
are controlled via the sensitivity of the
flow trigger and the level of »∆ PPS«. ∆ PPS
The rate at which the pressure curve
rises is pre-set via the rise time
TSLOPE Time [s]
»TSLOPE«.
1/Freq.MIN
The maximum inspiratory time for a
spontaneous breathing stroke varies 1/Freq.MIN
with age. It is equal to not more than 1.5
seconds in patients under the age of 4 Flow
and not more than 4 seconds in patients
with a set age of more than 4 years.
Inspiration is ended as soon as the
actual inspiration flow drops below 25 %
25% 25%
of the inspiratory peak flow. Any leakage
is compensated at the actual airway Time [s]
pressure at the same time.
Flow trigger Flow trigger No trigger
0024
Apnea ventilation can additionally be set
via the minimum frequency »FreqMIN«.
The ventilator is automatically triggered
via »FreqMIN« if there is no spontaneous
breathing activity by the patient. This is
not a mandatory ventilation stroke by the
ventilator; the patient can end the stroke
triggered by the ventilator at any time by
breathing spontaneously. This stroke is
not identified by a trigger indicator.
Apnea ventilation can also be
deactivated again via »FreqMIN«
(»OFF« position).
0084

Operation

settings upon delivery

Minimum frequency2) OFF, 3 to 20 3
FreqMIN [1/min]
PEEP [mbar] 0 to 20 0
Trigger sensitivity 0.3 to 15 3.0
Trigger [L/min]
Pressure support 3 to 50 5
∆ PPS [mbar]
Rise time TSLOPE [sec.] 0.0 to 2.0 0.0
1) The default values can be set specifically for the hospital
concerned,see page 130.
2) The inspiratory time is limited by adjustment of FreqMIN to yield a
maximum ratio of 1:1 for I:E, thus ensuring an adequate expiratory
time.

Operation
Presetting the ventilation mode

e. g. pressure-controlled ventilation
1 Press the soft key »Press. Mode« its
LED and the status line flash.
The ventilation parameters valid for
this mode are displayed on the
screen against a gray background.
2 Soft keys turn gray =
parameters are not yet active.
3 Press the soft key for the individual
ventilation parameters and their
color changes to yellow. 2
4 Set and confirm the ventilation
parameters via the rotary knob.
4
1
uni_0035
Display (example):
The system reverts to the last active

mode if there is no interaction by the
user within 15 seconds when pre-setting
the ventilation mode.
In this example, the system returns to
volume-controlled ventilation.
0026

Operation
Starting ventilation mode

e. g. pressure-controlled ventilation
1 confirm via rotary knob.
Soft keys turn green.
The preset ventilation parameters are

displayed on the screen.
Fresh-gas flows, as indicated by the
rotating symbol » « in the soft key
»flow L/min«.
If a ventilation parameter has to be
changed:
z Press the soft key for the ventilation
parameter concerned, then set and
confirm the ventilation parameter via
the rotary knob.
uni_0036
Frequency changes
Depending on the configuration, the
inspiratory time »TINSP« can be
automatically changed together with
adjustment of the frequency in volume or
pressure-controlled ventilation without
synchronization, so that the resultant
ratio of inspiration to expiration I:E
remains constant, see page 139.
For dependent setting of the change in
»TINSP«:
z Press the soft key Frequency
»freq«, key lights up yellow.
z Adjust the ventilation parameter
Frequency via the rotary knob and
push the rotary knob to confirm.
The value for the ventilation parameter
»TINSP« automatically turns yellow and
is adjusted at the same time. The ratio of
inspiration to expiration I:E remains
constant.
0027

Operation
Changes in PEEP
Depending on the configuration, the
pressure limit value »PINSP« can also be
changed automatically when changing
the PEEP value, see "Ventilator and gas
delivery" on page 139.
For automatic »PINSP« adjustment:
z Press the soft key »PEEP«, key
lights up yellow.
z Set and confirm the ventilation
parameter »PEEP« via the rotary
knob.
The value for the ventilation parameter
»PINSP« automatically turns yellow and
is adjusted at the same time.
Changes in TINSP
»TSLOPE« may be reduced
simultaneously if »TINSP« is reduced.
0028
Changing between ventilation modes
When changing to a different ventilation
mode, the pre-settings are adopted or
appropriately derived from the
parameters of the preceding mode.
Parameters which are identical in both

ventilation modes are adopted directly
(»Freq.«, »TINSP«, »PEEP«, »∆ PPS«,
»Trigger«).
When changing from volume-controlled

to pressure-controlled ventilation:
The measured parameter »PPLAT« is
adopted as the new value for »PINSP«.
When changing from volume-controlled

to pressure-controlled ventilation:
The new tidal volume »VT« is adopted
from the measured minute volume
»MV« and set frequency »Freq.«. Only
the minute volume applied by the
ventilator is taken into account.
0080
Pressure-supported breathing strokes

by the patient are disregarded.

Operation
When changing from automatic ventilation modes to Pressure

Support Mode (optional):
The set »PEEP«, »∆ PPS« and »Trigger« are adopted.
If »∆ PPS« and/or »Trigger« were »OFF«, the last values used
are adopted in Pressure Support Mode. The configured
default settings are used in all other cases.
Changing from Pressure Support Mode (optional) to automatic

ventilation modes:
The set »PEEP«, »∆ PPS« and »Trigger« are adopted. The
last values set are used for the other parameters and the
configured default settings in all other cases.

Operation
Using non-rebreathing systems

(only with optional external fresh-gas outlet)
WARNING!
Only use devices with breathing bag and/or pressure
relief valve.
Check the fresh-gas flow and the filling of the breathing
bag.
Do not use the non-rebreathing system if the flow is
insufficient.
Example: Bain system

z Prepare the Bain system according to the corresponding
Instructions for Use.
For the prescribed monitoring of O2, CO2 and anesthetic

gases:
1 Screw the sample line onto the Luer lock connection of the
mask manifold and to the water trap at the front of the 2
device. 1
For mask manifolds without sample line connector: 3
z Place a T-piece with filter between the mask pipe and fresh 1
gas connection port.
or:
z Where applicable, use a Luer lock filter connection.
2 Connect the fresh-gas hose of the Bain system to the

fresh-gas outlet.
3 The anesthetic gas scavenging hose of the non-
rebreathing system can be connected to the Y-piece of the
uni_0037
breathing system in Primus.
z Follow the Instructions for Use included with the Bain
system.
Divert fresh gas to the external outlet:

4 Press the » « key,
5 Confirm with rotary knob.
5
4
uni_0038

Operation
Display (example):
The airway pressure »PAW« and the
mandatory frequency »Freq.«, »PPEAK«
and »PMEAN« are measured at the
external fresh-gas outlet.
Pressure measurement may be

impaired by activating the O2-flush or O2
emergency delivery.
The minute volume »MV« and tidal

volume »VT« are not measured.
z Set the fresh-gas flow. The fresh-gas

supply must be equal to at least
twice- the minute volume in order to
exclude rebreathing.
Certain alarms are disabled

automatically in order to avoid artifact,
see table on page 119.
0029
CAUTION!
Ambient air may become
contaminated with anesthetic agent
when using non-rebreathing systems.
Excess fresh gas can be discharged into

the anesthetic gas scavenging line via
the breathing system of Primus. For this
purpose, the non-rebreathing system
must be connected to the Y-piece of the
breathing hoses connected to the
breathing system.

Operation
Ending the external fresh-gas mode

z Press any ventilation mode key.
z The LED of the selected ventilation mode and the display
in the status line flash.
z Confirm via rotary knob.
Ventilation via the internal rebreathing system in Primus is
restored directly in this way.
When changing from the external non-rebreathing system to

the rebreathing system in Primus:
z Reconnect the sample line to the Y-piece.
Ventilating children
For tidal volumes »VT« of less than 200 mL:
z Use pediatric hoses.
Attaching breathing hoses

1 Use a Y-piece with connection for sample line.
z The inspiratory and expiratory microbial filter 654 St 3
should not be used – this reduces system compliance. 1
2 Connect a 0.5 L breathing bag with socket to the breathing
hose with the large connection sleeves. Slip the breathing
hose over the angled socket. Hang the 0.5 L breathing bag
2
onto the hook.
3 Slip the breathing hoses with the large sleeves onto the
inspiratory and expiratory sockets and connect the small
sleeves to the Y-piece.
uni_0039
4 Connect the sample line to the Y-piece and water trap.
4 uni_0040
To determine system compliance and leakage:

5 Firmly connect the Y-piece to the cone.
To determine system compliance and leakage,see page 93.
5
uni_0041

Operation
Changing patients
To put Primus into »Standby«:
z Press the standby key » « and
confirm with the rotary knob.
The functions of the workstation are

switched off.
The set patient age, weight, alarm limits,
gas delivery settings and ventilation
parameters are retained.
To activate the default settings:
z Press the soft key »restore default
settings« and confirm.
The default settings for gas delivery,
ventilation parameters and alarm limits
are restored.
Changing soda lime

– If the soda lime in the absorber has
turned violet.
0020
– If the inspiratory CO2 concentration
is inCO2 5 mmHg or more.
z Press the »Standby« key » «

and confirm via the rotary knob.
1
1 Slide the writing table inwards.
2 Press the release button* on the
ventilator module and pull the
module out.
3 Turn the absorber counterclockwise 2
and pull it down and off.
z Empty out the used soda lime and
note the Instructions for Use of the
soda lime.
z Fill the absorber to the upper mark
uni_0042
with fresh soda lime.

z Fit the absorber into the breathing
system from below and turn it
clockwise as far as it will go.
z Push the breathing system inwards
until it clicks into place.
z Pull the writing table out.
3
uni_0043

Operation
Leak test
Do not perform if a patient is
connected to the workstation!
NOTE:
Carry out a leak test after the breathing
hoses, vaporizers or the soda lime have
been replaced.
z If the Vapor is to be included in the

test: Set the vaporizer
thumb wheel to ≥0.2 Vol.%.
z Seal Y-piece.
z Connect sample line to Y-piece.
1 Press the soft key »leak test« in
»Standby«.
The following prompt is displayed:
»Before starting leak test, seal
Y-piece and connect sample line.
Push rotary knob to start leak
test.« 1
z Push the rotary knob.
Primus performs the leakage test for

Volume Mode/Pressure Mode in about
30 seconds, then system compliance is
determined for volume correction and
the overall system is checked for leaks
in the breathing system.
NOTE:
The breathing bag and its hose are also
tested for leaks at the same time.
Leakage is tested in the automatic

(mechanical) ventilation line
0017
(leak system) and in the overall system
(leakage Man.Spont.).

Operation
The clock symbol disappears when the

test is complete and Primus displays the
values for system compliance, leakage
(system) and leakage (Man.Spont.) if
applicable (values >150 mL/min), see
"Leakage" on page 60.
The results of the leak test are displayed
on the data screen at all times.
To return to the »Standby« screen:
z Press the soft key »exit«.
The »Standby« screen is displayed.
z Close the vaporizer unit, turn the
handwheel to »0«.
0031

Operation
End of operation
To switch Primus to »Standby«:
z Press the »Standby« key » «

and confirm via the rotary knob. The
workstation is now in »Standby«.
The fresh-gas flow is switched off.
To switch Primus off:

z Push the power switch » «
in completely.
Primus is equipped with a power-down

delay.
NOTE:
When the power switch is pressed, an
acoustic signal sounds and for 10 sec.
the following message is displayed:
»Please wait while Primus shuts
down.
Make sure that the O2 safety control
valve is closed.«
During this time, Primus can be

restarted immediately by pressing the
power switch again.
0032
z Unplug the gas supply hoses from
the wall sockets.
z Close the cylinder valves.
WARNING!
If the supply hoses remain
connected to the wall outlets, minor
internal leaks may lead to
contamination of the supply gases.

Operation
z Leave Primus plugged into the power supply in order to

charge the uninterruptible power supply UPS.
z We strongly recommend switching off the device once a
day in order to carry out the power-on self test.
WARNING!
Remove any water which may have accumulated in the
ventilator diaphragm. (See "Removing the ventilator
diaphragm" on page 169.)
Larger quantities of condensation may impair operation
of the workstation and/or lead to failure of the
equipment.
Switch off the anesthetic gas scavenging system AGS

z Disconnect the anesthetic gas scavenging hose.
When Primus is not in use

WARNING!
The battery must be charged at least every 4 weeks.
Allowing it to run low can lead to damage.
If Primus is not used for an extended period:
z Unplug the medical gas hoses from the wall supply points
of the central gas supply.
z Close the cylinder valves on the backup gas cylinders.
z Leave the device permanently connected to the electricity
supply.
1 The green LED » « lights up.
Primus
1
uni_0005

Monitoring
Monitoring
Selecting the standard screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Downgrading alarm priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Monitoring mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Alarm displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Standard screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Suppressing alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Displayed parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Limit-based alarms activated in respective ventilation

CO2 concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
O2 concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
CO2 alarms on/off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Anesthetic gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Airway pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
HLM mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
SpO2 concentration (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Flow and volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 SpO2 alarms on/off (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Volumeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Virtual flow tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Displaying and setting alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Indicators for the active ventilation source . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Econometer (optional)* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Opening the alarm limits menu automatically . . . . . . . . . 124
Loops (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Adjustment range of the alarm limits during operation . . 125
Lung compliance (CPAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Adapting alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Setting the alarm tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Gas measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Alarms in standby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
MAC definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Age-dependent MAC values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
xMAC display (MAC multiple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Mixture detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Using the volumeter function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Upper bar graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Lower bar graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Starting the volumeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Econometer (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Loops (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Selecting the data screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Selecting the trend screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Selecting other display combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Zoom function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
To delete the trend memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Selecting the logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

To delete the logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Using the timer function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
SpO2 measurement (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Selecting a sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Tips to prevent artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Applying the Durasensor DS-100 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Alarm priorities and alarm signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Caution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Advisory/technical message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Monitoring
Selecting the standard screen

The standard screen is automatically
displayed whenever a ventilation mode
is selected (»Man.Spont.«,
»Vol. Mode« or »Press. Mode«). This
screen can always be selected during
operation:
1 By pressing the » « key,

or
2 By pressing the » « key
repeatedly.
2
1
uni_0044
Display (example):
The most important parameters are

grouped together on the right and left
sides of the screen.
The three curves are displayed in the
middle (for other standard screens, see
page 107).
0033

Monitoring
Monitoring mode
Monitoring can be activated in
»Standby«, for instance for exclusive
measurement of the SpO2 value. Gas is
not delivered.
To start the monitoring mode:
1 Press the soft key »monitor.mode«
or
To return to »Standby«: Primus
Press the » « key again and confirm

via the rotary knob.
uni_0045
Display (example):
All alarms are active in the monitoring

mode compare to the ventilation mode
Man.Spont., see page 119.
0034

Monitoring
Standard screen
Three screen layouts can be selected
via the »screen layout« key. The
currently selected screen layout is
highlighted by an orange background.
0035
The active screen layout can be
changed via the menu item »config.
screen«.
All three screen layouts with three
curves and individual modules can only
be configured in the standby
configuration, see page 130.
0030

Monitoring
Displayed parameters
CO2 concentration
– Curve display
The color of the curve can be configured by
DrägerService.
– Numerical display
etCO2 : End-tidal CO2 concentration
inCO2 : Inspiratory CO2 concentration
– Trend curve for CO2
O2 concentration
– Curve display
inO2 : Inspiratory O2 concentration
exO2 : Expiratory O2 concentration
∆O2 : Difference between inspiratory and
expiratory O2 concentration
– Trend curve for O2
Anesthetic gases
– Curve display
inAgent: : Inspiratory anesthetic gas concentration
exAgent: : Expiratory anesthetic gas concentration
MAC : Minimum alveolar concentration
– Trend curve for anesthetic gases and MAC
Airway pressure
– Curve display (PAW)
PEAK : Peak pressure
PLAT : Plateau pressure
PEEP : Positive end-expiratory pressure
MEAN : Mean pressure
(only on the
data
screen)
– Bar graph
SpO2 concentration (optional)

– Plethysmogram
SpO2 : Functional O2 saturation of the blood
: Pulse rate
– Trend curve for SpO2 and pulse

Monitoring
Flow and volume

– Curve display flow (insp./exp.)
MV : Expiratory minute volume
VT : Tidal volume
Freq. : Respiratory rate
MVLEAK : Difference between inspiratory and
(only on the expiratory minute volume
data
screen)
CPAT : Patient compliance
(only on the
data
screen)
– Trend curve for MV and CPAT
Volumeter*
– Shows the minute volume and tidal volume VT as bar
graphs.
Virtual flow tubes

– Shows the individual flows actually delivered by the fresh-
gas mixer with bar graphs for O2 and N2O or AIR.
Indicators for the active ventilation source

: Manual ventilation (Man.Spont.)
: Non-rebreathing system at external gas

outlet
: Automatic (controlled) ventilation
Econometer (optional)*
Presentation of fresh-gas utilization as a bar graph with the
three ranges Surplus, Efficient and Deficit.
Loops (optional)**
Two pairs of measured values, which are plotted against one
another, appear as a loop in the ventilation cycle: the PAW-V
loop and the V-Flow loop.
Lung compliance (CPAT)

– Determined from PLAT and expiratory VT.
Lung compliance is equal to the measured total
compliance PPLATV-TPEEP minus the system and hose
compliance determined in the self test.
* see page 105 for a detailed description

** see page 107 for a detailed description

Monitoring
Gas measurement
The concentration of O2, CO2 and of the anesthetic agents
N2O, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane and
sevoflurane is measured.
The gas concentrations are side-measured, thus delaying an

indication of the real-time values by approx. 2 seconds
compared to the pressure and flow curve.
If an apnea occurs, the display for »etCO2« is replaced by the

message »apnea«. The apnea time [min:sec] is displayed
instead of the measured value.
Calibration
The gas measuring module is automatically calibrated every
time the workstation is started and then at two hourly intervals,
as long as it is switched on. The O2 sensor is calibrated when
the workstation is started and then at eight hourly intervals.
Calibration is performed parallel to the gas measuring module
every 2 hours during consumption-free O2 measurement.
MAC definition
1 MAC (Minimal Alveolar Concentration) is the anesthetic gas
concentration in the blood at 1013 hPa, at which 50 % of
patients no longer respond to a skin incision with movement.
The integrated MAC algorithm is based on the MAC values as
indicated on the list. These values are merely guideline
values. It is the information on the slip accompanying the
anesthetic agents which is binding.
1 MAC corresponds to: (in 100 % O2)

Halothane 0.77 Vol.%
Enflurane 1.7 Vol.%
Isoflurane 1.15 Vol.%
Desflurane 6.65 Vol.%
Sevoflurane 2.10 Vol.%
N2O 105 Vol.%
The MAC values are dependent on the age of the patient. The
values indicated in the table relate to an age of 40 years.

Monitoring
Age-dependent MAC values

The MAC values used in Primus are corrected for age.
Vol.% Influence of age on the MAC
Therefore make sure the patient's age is entered correctly. 9
Calculation follows the equation from W.W. Mapleson (British
Journal of Anaesthesia 1996, P. 179-185). The equation 8
applies to patients older than 1 year of age.
7
MACage-corrected = MAC* x 10(–0.00269 x (age –40))
6
Age 1 is used for calculation if the age is below "1". Desflurane
Primus also automatically corrects the altitude. 5

1/20 N2O
4
xMAC display (MAC multiple)
The MAC value is a simple navigation aid for anesthetic agent 3
metering.
Primus indicates the MAC multiple (xMAC), which is 2 Sevoflurane
determined from the present expiratory measurements and Enflurane
the age-dependent MAC values. In the case of gas mixtures, 1 Isoflurane
the respective multiples for nitrous oxide and the anesthetic Halothane
0
agents are added in accordance with the following equation. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
uni_0093
Age (years)
exp. conc. agent1 exp. conc. agent2 exp. conc. N2O

xMAC= + +
MACage-corrected agent1 MACage-corrected agent2 MACage-corrected N2O
Example:
exp. sev. = 1.5 Vol.%; exp. N2O = 60 %; age = 10 years
MACage-corrected of sev.: MAC** = 2.2 Vol.%
MACage-corrected of N2O: MAC** = 125 Vol.%
xMAC = 0.7 + 0.5 = 1.2
The influence of other medication (opiates or intravenous

hypnotics) is not taken into account when calculating MAC
values.
Mixture detection
Primus automatically detects the anesthetic gas used and
switches the measurement and monitoring of anesthetic gas
concentration to the gas detected.
If there is a mixture of two volatile anesthetic agents, the
concentration of the secondary anesthetic agent is displayed
if the xMAC value is 0.1 MAC or greater. The gas with the
higher expiratory xMAC value is displayed above the
secondary gas.
A secondary anesthetic agent becomes the main anesthetic
agent if its xMAC value exceeds the MAC value of the main
anesthetic agent by 0.2 MAC.
A mixture of more than two volatile anesthetic agents cannot
be reliably detected.
* 40 years
** 10 years

Monitoring
Using the volumeter function

To observe and assess ventilation during spontaneous
breathing and in manual or mechanical ventilation modes.
Upper bar graph

Current inspiratory and expiratory tidal volume »VT«.
Numerical indication of the expiratory tidal volume.
The bar graph follows the inspiratory and expiratory tidal
volume »VT«. The tidal volume delivered at the end of
inspiration is represented by a bar.
Minute volume leakage is indicated at the end of the expiratory
phase.
Inspiratory phase
0037
Lower bar graph
Volumeter (minute volume measurement).
Numerical indication of the expiratory minute volume.
The scales of the bar graphs can be configured during
operation and in standby, see page 133.
The current expiratory tidal volume is determined for each

breathing cycle; the elapsed time in seconds is shown beside Expiratory phase
0038
the bar graph and the total volume is shown above the bar
graph.
Starting the volumeter

The volumeter is stopped if the rotary knob is pushed again
within 60 seconds. The values are deleted and the
volumeter restarted when the rotary knob is pushed again.
The individual breaths are indicated by units in the bar graph.
The volumeter stops automatically after 60 seconds. The
measured values are displayed for four minutes and then End of the expiratory
deleted. phase
0039

Monitoring
Econometer (optional)
The bar graph indicates the qualitative utilisation of the fresh-
gas flow. If the fresh-gas delivery is more than 1 L/min above
the gas consumption, the econometer will indicate an
»surplus«. Below this level, utilization of the fresh gas is
considered efficient. If less fresh gas is delivered than is
needed by the patient, a fresh-gas deficiency is indicated by
the red area in the bar graph and a fresh-gas alarm is
generated.
Gas consumption depends on:

– the uptake by the patient,
0074
– leakage, and
– The CO2 volume converted in the absorber
If data for calculation are not available, the legend appears in
gray and the bar graph is not active.
0074

Monitoring
Loops (optional)
Press the soft key »loops« on the
standard screen:
The PAW-V and V-Flow loops are
displayed instead of the two lower
curves. Each loop remains on display for
three breathing cycles; the color
intensity of the loop decreases with each
ventilation cycle.
The scale of the PAW and Flow axis
depends on the scale selected for the
real-time curves. The scale of the
volume axis depends on the scale of the
volumeter.
See page 133 with regard to
configuration of the scales.
z Press the soft key »reference

loops«
the current loop is displayed in a
different color so that it can be used as
reference.
Delete the reference loop:

– when changing to standby mode or
0076
– by pressing the soft key »reference
loops« again.
Remove loops from the screen:

z touch the soft key »exit loops«.
Selecting the data screen

z Press the » « key repeatedly until
the data screen appears.
Display (example):
All numerical values are displayed on

the data screen with their units of
measurement.
The bar graph at the bottom of the
screen shows the current ventilation
pressure »PAW«.
System compliance (»CSYS«) and
leakage (»LeakSYS«) are displayed with
other parameters in the middle left-hand
field, together with the time of the last
test.
The bottom right-hand field shows the
pressure values for the central supply of
»O2«, »N2O« and »Air« as well as for
the »O2« and »N2O« cylinders.
0040

Monitoring
Selecting the trend screen

Displays the measured values over an
interval beginning with the
measurement’s commencement.
Maximum storage time: 8 hours.
The following display combinations can
be selected:
– agents
– MV / CPAT / CO2 / O2
– SpO2 pulse (optional)
z Press the » « key repeatedly until

the trend screen is displayed.
The trends for MV and compliance are
scaled according to the settings in the
configuration menu.
Display (example): trend for agents
Selecting other display combinations

z Press the required soft key:
»agents«, »MV / CPAT / CO2 / O2« or
»SpO2 pulse«
The soft key does not appear if the SpO2
measuring function is not available.
The trend for inspiratory and expiratory

values is represented by bar graphs.
The expiratory value is always indicated
by a black line.
The trends for agents, N2O and O2 are

displayed with the relevant color coding.
0041

Monitoring
Zoom function
The trend display can be magnified with
the zoom function after half-an-hour’s
operation.
To select the area:

z Turn the rotary knob = the dashed
frames move.
To enlarge the selected area to the full

width of the display:
A new dashed frame appears after a
corresponding period of operation
which can also be enlarged.
To return to the trend overview:

z Press the soft key »total trend«
and the complete trend is displayed
again.
This soft key is ineffective if there is
insufficient trend data available (e. g.
less than 30 minutes of operation).
0041
To delete the trend memory
Only possible in standby.
Graphic trend and logbook are
deleted simultaneously!
In standby mode:
z Press the soft key »delete trend«.
The system requests confirmation that

the trend really should be deleted.
To delete:
z Press the soft key »delete trend«.
0020

Monitoring
Selecting the logbook

For recording ventilation modes,
measured values and main anesthetic
agent to facilitate compilation of the
anesthetic record.
The trigger criteria for entries can be
configured, see "Interfaces/logbook" on
page 134 and "Logbook entries" on
page 146.
z Press the soft key »logbook«.
0033
Display (example):
»page 1« of the logbook is displayed.
To view the second page:

z Press the soft key »page 2«.
Page 2 contains further data for the

optional parameters.
At least one optional parameter must be
activated in order to display the second
page.
To return to the standard screen:

z Press the soft key »exit logbook«
or
z Press the » « key.
To delete the logbook

Logbook and trend memory are
deleted simultaneously!
Only possible in standby. (See
0042
page 109.)

Monitoring
Using the timer function

To start the timer (e.g. 00:00):
z Press the soft key »start timer« in any operating mode.
0043
To stop the timer:
z Press the soft key » stop«.
The measured time is displayed.
0044
To reset the timer to »00:00«:
z Press the soft key »reset«.
0045

Monitoring
SpO2 measurement (optional)

Selecting a sensor
Only OxiMax sensors from Nellcor may be used (see separate
order list/list of accessories).
The OxiMax modules implemented in Primus are only

compatible with the OxiMax sensors (purple probe or white
probe for MAX FAST).
Only the DEC-8 or DEC-4 extension lead (purple plug
connector) may be used.
The new sensors are downward-compatible with all modules
already used in the field in older Dräger machines.
Note the Instructions for Use of the sensors.
z Select a sensor in accordance with the following criteria:

– Weight of the patient
– Mobility of the patient
– Possible application point
– Perfusion of the patient
– Duration of use
The following table provides a guideline for selecting specific

sensors shown here with their characteristic values.
Sensor type OxiMax OxiMax OxiMax Durasensor OxiMax OxiMax OxiMax

MAX N MAX I MAX P DS-100 A MAX A MAX R MAX FAST
Age group Neonates/ Infants Children Adults
Adults
Weight of the <3 to >40 kg 1 to 20 kg 10 to 50 kg >40 kg >30 kg >50 kg >40 kg
patient (<6.6 to >88 lb) (2.2 to 44 lb) (22 to 110 lb) (>88 lb) (>66 lb) (>110 lb) (>88 lb)
Duration of Short and long-term monitoring Short-term Short and long-term monitoring
use monitoring
Mobility of Limited activity Inactive Limited Inactive Limited
the patient patients activity patients activity
only only,
must be
checked at
least every 8
hours
Preferred Ball of the foot Toe Finger Nose Forehead
measuring
point

Monitoring
z Select the appropriate sensor.
At the back of the workstation:

1 Plug the sensor connector into the socket marked
»SpO2«.
uni_0046
Tips to prevent artifacts
– Only use Nellcor sensors in the recommended positions,
otherwise incorrect measurements and injury may result.
– Do not continue to use damaged sensors with uncovered
electrical contacts – risk of electric shock.
– The adhesive strips must not be stretched unduly.
– Never use two adhesive straps as this can lead to venous
pulsation. The pulse signal can fail.
– High intrathoracic pressure, pressure on the thorax and
other consecutive impairments of the venous flow can lead
to venous pulsation and pulse signal failure. The pulse
signal may fail.
– In the presence of shock, low blood pressure, severe
vasoconstriction, major anemia, hypothermia, arterial
occlusion proximal to the sensor and asystolia, the pulse
signal may fail.
– The sensor must be protected from exposure to bright light
(e. g. surgical lamps and direct sunlight), otherwise the
pulse signal may fail or the results may be inaccurate.
– The sensor should not be positioned on limbs together with
an arterial catheter, sphygmomanometer cuff or
intravascular venous infusion, otherwise the pulse signal
may fail and measurements may be inaccurate.
– Measurement accuracy may be reduced in the presence of
significant concentrations of dyshemoglobins, such as
carboxyhemoglobin or methemoglobin.

Monitoring
– Intravascular dyes such as e. g. methylene blue can lead

to inaccurate measurements.
– Electrocautery can influence the measuring accuracy; the
leads and sensor should therefore be positioned as far
away from the electrocautery and its neutral electrode as
possible.
– Sensor performance may be impaired and lead to
inaccurate results if the patient moves violently. The
sensor should be applied to a quiet/stable site in order to
reduce the risk of artifacts due to movement.
– The displayed plethysmogram is a relative indicator of the
pulse amplitude. Its scale is not absolute and it is only used
to judge the quality of the SpO2 measurement.
– The sensor must not be immersed in liquid - this may lead
to malfunctions.
Applying the Durasensor DS-100 A

Reusable sensor for short-term monitoring of relatively quiet
patients weighing over 40 kg (88 lb).
The sensor is ideally positioned on the index finger,
although any of the other fingers may be used, if required. The
little finger should be used if the patient is particularly large or
obese.
z Open the clip slightly and slide the sensor onto the finger.
The tip of the finger must touch the end of the sensor and
the soft padding should rest on the nail and tip of the finger.
The lead should be on top of the finger.
z Ensure that the finger is not compressed or hurt by the clip.
z Change the application site after not more than 4 hours in
order to avoid a build-up of blood pressure (blocked
circulation).
Follow the specific Instructions for Use when using other
uni_0047
Nellcor sensors!

Monitoring
Alarms
Alarm priorities and alarm

signals
Alarm messages are color-coded
and assigned to three priority classes by
Primus, depending on their urgency:
Warning
Message with highest priority (red alarm
field).
A warning message requires immediate
action.
Caution
Message with medium priority (yellow
alarm field).
A caution message requires immediate
action.
Advisory/technical message
Message with lowest priority (white
alarm field).
These messages must be noted and
action taken if necessary.
Messages with low priority may also be
0082
indicated by symbols.
Whenever an alarm message is
displayed, the alarm LED flashes or
lights up continuously and an acoustic
tone sequence indicates the alarm
priority class:
If alarm limits are violated, the

corresponding measured values will be
highlighted by a colored background
and will flash. The color of the
background reflects the color-coding of
the alarm priority (red, yellow, white).

Monitoring
Warning
1 Warning messages flash on red background.
Red LED flashes, accompanied by a continuous tone.
Caution
1 Caution messages flash on a yellow background. 1
Yellow LED flashes, accompanied by an intermittent tone 2
every 30 seconds.
Advisory
1 Advisory messages appear on a white background.
Yellow LED illuminates continuously, accompanied by a
single tone.
Technical message
1 Technical messages appear on a white background.
Yellow LED illuminates continuously without any acoustic
tone.
uni_0048
Refer to the chapter "Alarm messages" on page 156 for a list
of alarm messages.
Downgrading alarm priorities

Selected technical alarms can be downgraded to a lower
priority or deleted completely once acknowledged.
2 Press the » « key

Monitoring
Alarm displays
Alarm messages are displayed in the
alarm field in order of priority. Up to three
messages can be displayed
simultaneously. In some cases, the
corresponding measured values are
highlighted on the screen by a flashing
background in addition to the alarm
message.
If more than three alarms occur

simultaneously, the symbol » more «
appears to the right of the alarm field
and the soft key »all alarms« is
activated on the right-hand side of the
screen.
0046
When this soft key is pressed, the upper
curve display is replaced by up to six
additional alarm fields for 15 seconds.
The curve reappears when the soft key

»all alarms« is pressed again or when
the 15 seconds have expired.
0047

Monitoring
Suppressing alarm
Some alarms can be temporarily
suppressed. This can be done
automatically depending on the
ventilation mode or manually in the
menu »Standby config.« in standby or
permanently via the alarm menu.
Disabled alarms are identified by the
symbol » « alongside the
corresponding parameter.
If only individual alarm limits have been
disabled for a monitored parameter, this
is indicated by the corresponding
symbol » « or » «.
0085
The series of alarm tones can be
suppressed for 2 minutes:
1 Press the » « key, the yellow LED
lights up.
The symbol » « appears in the system
information field next to the date with an
indication of the silence time remaining
(minutes:seconds).
To enable the alarm tone:

1 Press the » « key, the yellow LED 1
goes out. uni_0099

Monitoring
Limit-based alarms activated in respective

ventilation modes
Some alarms can be enabled and disabled individually in
different operating modes.
Mode/ Man.Spont. Volume Press. Press. Ext. fresh- Monitoring Default value upon
alarm Mode Mode Supp. Mode gas outlet delivery
SpO2 ON ON ON ON ON ON ––
[%] ON ON ON ON ON ON 92
Pulse ON ON ON ON ON ON 120
[1/min] ON ON ON ON ON ON 50
1) 1) 1)
etCO2 ON ON ON 50
[mmHg] 1) ON ON ON 1) 1) ––
1) 1) 1)
inCO2 ON ON ON 5
[mmHg]
1) 1)
MV ON ON ON OFF 12
1) 1)
[L/min] ON ON ON OFF 3,0
inO2 1) ON ON ON 1) 1) ––
[Vol.%] ON ON ON ON ON ON 20
in Hal. ON ON ON ON ON ON 1,5
1) 1) 1)
[Vol.%] ON ON ON ––
in Iso. ON ON ON ON ON ON 2,3
1) 1) 1)
in Enf. ON ON ON ON ON ON 3,4
1) 1) 1)
in Des. ON ON ON ON ON ON 12,0
1) 1) 1)
in Sev. ON ON ON ON ON ON 4,2
1) 1) 1)
PAW ON ON ON ON ON ON 40
[mbar] OFF ON ON ON OFF OFF 8
Apnea pressure OFF ON ON ON OFF OFF 8
Apnea volume OFF ON ON ON OFF OFF ---

2) 2)
Apnea CO2 ON ON ON ON ON ON ---
1) These alarms can be configured »ON« or »OFF« in »Standby« for switching to »Man.Spont«, »FG. EXTERN« and »Monitoring«. When the alarm
limits are set to »ON« the value is adopted from the automatic ventilation mode. The default value for this configuration is »OFF«.
2) In »Man.Spont.« and in the »Monitoring« and »FG. EXTERN«, the alarm is active after 65 seconds.
– – The default value set upon delivery is outside the monitored range; the corresponding alarm limit is disabled.

Monitoring
All apnea, apnea pressure, apnea

volume and apnea CO2 alarms are
active after 35 seconds in the
mechanical ventilation modes with a
frequency of less than 6/minute and in
Pressure Support Mode with a minimum
frequency FreqMIN of less than 6/min or
when set to »OFF«.
All apnea CO2 alarms in Man.Spont. and
in the monitoring mode are only active if
ventilation has already been detected
(»AutoWakeUp«).
CO2 alarms on/off

The soft key »CO2 alm. off / on« is
effective in the operating modes
– Man.Spont.
– Monitoring and
– External Fresh-Gas Outlet
The alarm limits for inCO2, etCO2 and
CO2 apnea monitoring can be disabled
via this soft key.
z Press the soft key »CO2 alm. off /

on«
In this case, the symbol » « appears

beside the measured values for the end-
expiratory and inspiratory CO2
concentration.
z Press the soft key »CO2 alm. off /

on«
The CO2 alarms are enabled by

pressing the soft key again.
0085
Disabled CO2 alarms are enabled

automatically when changing to another
ventilation mode.

Monitoring
The alarms for »etCO2 « and

»inCO2 « can be activated or
deactivated in standby for switching to
Man.Spont.
When the alarm limits are enabled the
value is adopted from the automatic
ventilation mode, see page 136.
CO2 alarms can also be enabled and

disabled in all ventilation modes via
»alarm limits« in the configuration
menu, see page 136.
CAUTION!
National and European standards
require a minimum monitoring with
some alarm functions. These
standards may not be met if the alarm
function of the etCO2 monitoring
parameter is disabled.
z Select and confirm »CO2« »on« or

»CO2« »off« via the rotary knob.
0049

Monitoring
HLM mode
The HLM mode permits patient
monitoring without unnecessary alarms
during extra-corporal oxygenation of the
patient by a heart lung machine (HLM).
In the HLM mode:

– All gas concentrations are measured
independently of the breathing
phase.
– CO2 apnea and pressure apnea
alarms are inactive.
– SpO2 monitoring alarms are inactive.
The HLM mode can be used in all active
ventilation modes.
HLM mode on/off

To activate/deactivate HLM mode in an
active ventilation mode:
z Press the soft key »config.« on the
standard or data screen.
z Select and confirm the column
»alarms on/off« via the rotary knob.
z Select and confirm the line
»HLM mode« via the rotary knob.
z Select and confirm »on« or »off« via
the rotary knob.
The HLM mode remains activated when

changing ventilation modes; it is
deactivated when changing to standby.
Deactivating the HLM mode

immediately reactivates the CO2 alarms,
but SpO2 measurement (optional) is
only reactivated when pulse signals
have been detected again.
Deactivating the HLM mode has no

0081
effect on the »on« or »off« status of

SpO2 measurement; the last status set is
retained.

Monitoring
SpO2 alarms on/off (optional)

To enable/disable all SpO2 alarms.
SpO2 alarms can also be enabled and
disabled during operation via »alarms
on/off« in the configuration screen, see
page 144.
z Select and confirm SpO2 »on« or

SpO2 »off« via the rotary knob.
Suppressed alarm limits are identified by

the symbol » « in the parameter field.
CAUTION!
National and European standards
require a minimum monitoring with
some alarm functions. These
standards may not be met if the alarm
function of the SpO2 monitoring
parameter is disabled.
0081
Displaying and setting alarm
limits
Alarms can be displayed and set from all
three basic screens (standard, data and
trend screens) during operation.
There are standard alarm limits
configured for the ventilation modes
which may be used as is, "Configuring
the default settings" on page 130 or
adjusted individually for the patient
concerned.
For this purpose, the alarm limits menu
can be selected in standby via the soft
key »alarm limits«.

Monitoring
To call up alarm limits during operation:

z Press the soft key »alarm limits«.
Display (example):
The current measured values and their
alarm limits are grouped on the right.
The curves with the alarm limits
represented by dashed lines are
displayed on the left.
The upper alarm limit (40 mbar) and the
lower alarm limit (8 mbar) are assigned
to the measured value »PAW« (25 mbar).
A disabled alarm limit (example
»etCO2«) is indicated by two dashes
(»– –«).
To set an alarm limit:
z Place the cursor on the alarm limit by
turning the rotary knob and push to
confirm.
The alarm limit is highlighted in
yellow.
z Set the new value by turning the
rotary knob and push to confirm.
The new alarm limit is now active. The
cursor returns to the » « symbol.
0050
Opening the alarm limits menu
automatically
The alarm limits menu is opened
automatically whenever an alarm limit is
violated.
This can be disabled in the standby
configuration menu, see page 136.

Monitoring
Adjustment range of the alarm limits during operation

Alarm Adjustment range
SpO2 51 to 99; – –
[%] 50 to 98; – –
Pulse 21 to 250
[1/min] 20 to 249
etCO2 1 to 75
[mmHg] 0 to 74
inCO2 1 to 10
[mmHg]
MV 0.1 to 20.0
[L/min] 0 to 19.9
inO2 19 to 99; – –
[Vol.%] 18 to 98
inHal. 0.1 to 8.4

[Vol.%] 0 to 8.3
inIso. 0.1 to 8.4

[Vol.%] 0 to 8.3
inEnf. 0.1 to 9.9

[Vol.%] 0 to 9.8
inDes. 0.1 to 21.9

[Vol.%] 0 to 21.8
inSev. 0.1 to 9.9

[Vol.%] 0 to 9.8
PAW 5 to 99
[mbar] 0 to 35
To quit the »alarm limits« menu:

z Place the cursor on » « and confirm with rotary knob.
or
z Press the » « key.

Monitoring
Adapting alarm limits

When ventilation settings have been
made, Primus can automatically adapt
the alarm limits for minute volume »MV«
and the airway pressure »PAW« to the
current parameters in Volume Mode,
Pressure Mode and Pressure Support
(optional).
z Press the soft key »auto-set limits«.
The alarm limits menu opens
automatically.
The alarm limits for »MV« and »PAW«

are adapted and highlighted by an
orange background.
To quit the alarm limits menu:
z Push the rotary knob or the » «
key.
The new alarm limits for »MV« are

calculated by Primus from the measured
value for the minute volume »MV« in
Volume Mode, Pressure Mode and
0051
Pressure Support Mode.
Volume Mode,
Pressure Mode,
Pressure Support
Mode
MV MVMEAS x 1.4;
upper alarm limit min. 2.0
[L/min]
MV MVMEAS x 0.6;
lower alarm limit min. 0.3
[L/min]
The displayed value may differ

marginally due to rounding errors, since
Primus calculates the values internally
with much greater accuracy.

Monitoring
The new alarm limits for »PAW« are

calculated by Primus on the basis of the
mean values for »PEAK«, »PPLAT« and
»PEEP« over the last four machine
strokes. Spontaneous breaths by the
patient and triggered pressure support
strokes are not taken into account.
If the mean of the last (up to four)

measured breaths cannot be calculated,
the measured value of the last breath is
used instead.
0051
Volume Mode,
Pressure Mode,
Pressure Support
Mode
PAW PEAK +5 mbar
upper alarm limit or
[mbar] PPLAT +10 mbar,
whichever is greater.
PAW 0.6 x (PPLAT – PEEP)
lower alarm limit + PEEP – 1,
[mbar] but at least
3 mbar
To restore individual alarm limits for

»MV« and »PAW«:
z see "Setting alarm limits" on
page 136
To restore all default alarm limits:

z see "Loading default settings" on
page 68.

Monitoring
Setting the alarm tone

The volume of the alarm tone can be set in the configuration
menu, see page 132.
Alarms in standby
All technical alarms, e. g. failure of equipment components
and a number of special operating states, are also indicated by
Primus when in »Standby«.
A corresponding message appears in the alarms field, but
without any acoustic warning.

Configuration
Configuration
Configuring the default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Displaying system information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Basic settings and audible signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Traces 1 to 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Alarm volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Breathing sound (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Screen layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Pulse volume (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Alarm tone sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Date/time/language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Scaling amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Gas monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Optional parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Interfaces/logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Logbook entries triggered by: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
COM 1, COM 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Screen layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Setting alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Default alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Default limits, anesthetic agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Alarms in Man.Spont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Miscellaneous alarm settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Adjustment ranges for default alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Ventilator and gas delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Parameter default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Ventilator settings referring to the ideal body weight . . . 140
Ventilator default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
System information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Activate software options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Traces 1 to 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Exiting the default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Remote service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Configuration during operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Volume/alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Alarm volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Breathing sound (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Pulse volume (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Setting the patient's age during operations . . . . . . . . . . 145
Alarms on/off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Parameter settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Scaling amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Agent monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Logbook entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Logbook entries triggered by: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Configuration
Configuring the default

settings
Default settings describe the settings
which the workstation starts with when it
is switched on.
The default settings for ventilation, gas
delivery and monitoring can be activated
while in standby by pressing the soft key
»restore default settings«.
Changes in default settings become
active immediately.
The default settings can be configured in

standby as follows:
z Press standby key » « and
confirm by pushing the rotary knob. 1
1 Press the soft key
»default config.«.
The operator is requested to enter a

four-digit password in order to prevent
unauthorized changes to the basic
functions. This password is allocated 2
when commissioning the workstation.
If desired, the function can be disabled
by DrägerService or an individual
password set.
uni_0049
2 Select and confirm the figures
using the rotary knob. The password
is represented by asterisks (* * * *)
below the line of numbers.
The menu for selecting the default
values is displayed when the password
has been entered correctly.
The default values are adopted
automatically when the menu is
displayed.
Display (example):
0052

Configuration
Default settings are selected in the same

way as described in the operating
concept, see page 27:
– Only active soft keys appear in
green.
– The current settings are highlighted
in orange.
– The values displayed here can be
adjusted using the rotary knob.
– The settings are adopted by pushing
the rotary knob.
– The settings field highlighted in
yellow returns to the preceding menu
level.
– Use the » « arrow to exit the
menu.
The following settings can be selected:

– Basic settings and audible signals
– Parameters
– Interfaces/logbook
– Screen layout
– Alarm limits
– Ventilator and gas delivery
– System information
Black soft keys indicate which submenu
is currently active.
Green fields indicate the selection
currently available.
0053

Configuration
Basic settings and audible

signals
The following basic settings can be
selected:
Alarm volume
1 = minimum volume
9 = maximum volume
CAUTION!
The alarm tone must be set to a
sufficiently loud volume!
The alarm »NO O2 DELIVERY« is

always announced at the maximum
volume.
Primus takes into account the national
regulations of certain countries which
require a minimum volume of 45 dB (A).
Settings 1 to 3 are not available at 45 dB
(A) for these countries.
Breathing sound (optional)*

0 = off
9 = maximum volume
The ventilation tone is generated by a

breathing sound module. This module
converts the measured inspiratory and
expiratory flow values into audible
sounds similar to the sound of breathing.
Pulse volume (optional)

0 = off
9 = maximum volume
Alarm tone sequence
Date/time/language
– Day, month, year
hours : minutes
– Language of the display texts
0053
* Only in connection with breathing sound

module.

Configuration
Parameters
The following parameters can be set:
Scaling amplitude
– CO2, PAW, flow, tidal volume, O2
The setting is made automatically or
by selecting a pre-set scale.
auto: Automatic adjustment to the
next higher or lower scaling after two
passes if the scaling frame is
exceeded.
– Tidal volume auto
A suitable scaling is selected
automatically in accordance with the
set age.
0 to 2 years: 150 mL,
>2 to 10 years: 500 mL,
>10 years: 1000 mL.
Units
– CO2: mmHg, Vol.%, kPa
– PAW: hPa, mbar, cmH2O
– supply pressure: kPa, bar, psi
0054
– agents: Vol.%, kPa
– weight: kg, lbs

Configuration
Gas monitoring
– MAC display
– Related to age
See page 103 for a detailed
description of the MAC definition and
calculation.
– Cal 100% O2
(not available with consumption-
free O2 measurement)
A 100 Vol.% O2 calibration can be
performed in order to improve the
accuracy when measuring high O2
concentrations. A separate O2
source must be used for this
purpose, e. g. O2 from an O2
flowmeter. Unscrew the sample line
from the Y-piece and position it in the
continuous flow from the O2 source.
When calibration has been
completed successfully, this item will
be highlighted by a green light.
Calibration can be repeated or
aborted if unsuccessful. A 21 Vol.%
0054
O2 calibration is performed
automatically if the calibration is
aborted.
Optional parameters
– SpO2
For a detailed description of SpO2
monitoring, see page 112.
Interfaces/logbook
Logbook entries triggered by:

– Time interval (min)
Entries are made after a fixed time
interval in minutes.
– Warnings
Entries are made when a warning is
issued.
– Cautions
Entries are made when a caution
message is issued.
0012

Configuration
COM 1, COM 2
To be used as MEDIBUS* interfaces.
The interfaces can be adapted in line
with the equipment to be connected.
– kbaud rate
Data transmission rate (variable, see
Instructions for Use for the
equipment to be connected).
– parity, data bits, stop bits
The MEDIBUS default configuration
values cannot be configured; this is
information only.
Screen layout
Three screen layouts comprising the
following elements can be freely
configured :
– Three curves with the associated
numerical modules.
The available curves are displayed
when a curve module is selected.
– Three modules which may be
assigned parameter or status
displays.
The available modules are displayed
when a module is selected. Each
curve/module can also be configured
as being blank.
– Each curve/module can only be
displayed once. If a curve/module is
selected twice, the preceding
selection automatically becomes
“blank“.
0056
z Select and confirm a layout via the
rotary knob.
z Select a module via the rotary knob.
Change and confirm the selection
CAUTION!
National requirements in respect to
those parameters to be monitored
must be taken into account when
configuring the screen layout.
0077
* Dräger communication protocol for medical

equipment.

Configuration
Setting alarm limits

The following alarm limits may be
configured:
Default alarm limits
Default limits, anesthetic agents
Alarms in Man.Spont.
The alarms for »etCO2«, »inCO2«,
»inO2«, »inAgent« and »MV« can be
activated or deactivated in standby for
switching to Man.Spont. When the
alarm limits are set to »yes«, the value is
adopted from the automatic ventilation
mode.
Miscellaneous alarm settings

– Determine whether or not the alarm
limits menu should appear
automatically when an alarm limit is
violated.
– Determine whether alarm limits
(»MV«, »pulse«) are to be pre-set in
relation to the patient's ideal body
0057
weight and age.
– Determine the pressure at which the
warning »O2 CYLIND. LOW« is to
be issued. This menu item only
appears if the O2 cylinder has been
configured as gas supply, see
page 139.

Configuration
Adjustment ranges for default alarm limits

Alarm Adjustment range Default value
upon delivery
SpO2 81 to 99; – – ––
[%] 80 to 98 92
Pulse 21 to 250 120

[1/min] 20 to 249 50
etCO2 1 to 75 50
[mmHg] 0 to 74 ––
MV 0.1 to 20.0 12
[L/min] 0 to 19.9 3.0
inO2 19 to 99; – – ––
[Vol.%] 18 to 98 20
inHal. 0.1 to 8.4 1.5

[Vol.%] 0 to 8.3 ––
inIso. 0.1 to 8.4 2.3

[Vol.%] 0 to 8.3 ––
inEnf. 0.1 to 9.9 3.4

[Vol.%] 0 to 9.8 ––
inDes. 0.1 to 21.9 12.0

[Vol.%] 0 to 21.8 ––
inSev. 0 to 9.9 4.2

[Vol.%] 0 to 9.8 ––
PAW 5 to 99 40
[mbar] 0 to 35 8
– – :The corresponding alarm limit is disabled.
Alarm trigger times:

Apnea pressure after 20 seconds
Apnea flow after 20 seconds
Apnea CO2 after 20 seconds
(after 65 seconds in Man.Spont., the
Monitoring Mode and Fresh-gas External
Mode)

Configuration
All apnea, apnea pressure, apnea volume and apnea CO2

alarms are active after 35 seconds in the mechanical
ventilation modes with a frequency of less than 6/minute and
in Pressure Support Mode with a minimum frequency
»FreqMIN« of less than 6/minute or when set to »OFF«.
NOTE:
The new default alarm limits are effective whenever the
workstation is switched on and after selecting "Restore default
settings" in standby.
Certain alarms are disabled automatically in Man.Spont., in

the monitoring mode and when using the external fresh-gas
outlet, see table on page 119.

Configuration
Ventilator and gas delivery

Parameter default settings

– Volume Mode
– Pressure Mode
– Pressure Support Mode
z Select mode via rotary knob, set
ventilation parameters, see
page 30.
The trigger sensitivity can be set
separately in the available ventilation
modes.
If the trigger has been pre-set to
»OFF« in »Volume Mode« or
»Pressure Mode«, the value
configured under pressure support
will automatically be adopted when
synchronization is activated during
operation. The same also applies
with regard to adopting the value for
»∆ PPS« although this cannot be
configured in the Volume Mode and
Pressure Mode.
0058
– Gas supply:
z Select and confirm via the rotary
knob.
The soft keys for O2 % and
Flow L/min appear.
The carrier gas is selected via the
»Air« or »N2O« keys and confirmed
– Check gas delivery: which gas

supplies have been connected can
be determined in this menu.
NOTE:
Only the gas supply defined as being
present in the configuration will be
included in the self-test.
WARNING!
Either the central O2 supply or the
O2 cylinder supply must be
specified for the O2 supply.

Configuration
Ventilator settings referring to the

ideal body weight
z Select and confirm via the rotary
knob.
If the settings for »VT« and »Freq.« are
to be referred to the patient's body
weight, the initial value for »VT« can be
selected in accordance with the Radford
nomogram. Select and confirm the
configuration of default settings via the
rotary knob. Select, edit and confirm the
»VT« to be changed via the rotary knob.
The settings for »VT« are interpolated
for weights between the four
predetermined classes.
0055
Weight VT [mL] Freq.
[kg] Range of settings Factory settings [1/min]
2 10 to 25 10 35
15 60 to 150 110 26
65 300 to 500 450 13
100 550 to 800 700 10
Restore the factory settings:

z Select and confirm »restore factory
default presets«.
Ventilator default settings

– PINSP changes with PEEP: yes/no
When »yes« is set:
Changes in the set PEEP parameter
automatically change the parameter
value PINSP so that the difference
between PEEP and PINSP remains
constant.
When »no« is set:
Parameter value PINSP remains
unaffected by changes in the
ventilation parameter PEEP.

Configuration
– TINSP change with frequency:

yes/no
When »yes« is set:
TINSP is automatically adjusted when the frequency is
changed so that the ratio of inspiration to expiration I:E
remains constant. This only applies if synchronization has
not been set.
When »no« is set:
TINSP remains independent of the change in frequency and
the ratio of inspiration to expiration I:E changes
accordingly.
The default settings are activated immediately upon exiting the

configuration menu.

Configuration
System information
General information
The system information screens contain
information on
– Software version of the individual
components
– Enabled software options
– Gas consumption and sampling rate
of the patient gas module
– Operating hours of individual
components
0059
Activate software options
Software options can be activated by
entering a multi-digit code.
Options and the associated activation
codes are available from the respective
Dräger sales organization.
z Select and confirm the figures

via the rotary knob. Then activate,
select and confirm the menu item via
the rotary knob.
Traces 1 to 3
Description of internal equipment states
and parameters.
Exiting the default settings

z Press the soft key »exit«.
0083

Configuration
Remote service
Before activating the remote service

z Carry out self-test.
CAUTION!
The remote service box may only be
used on medical devices, according to
the Law on Medical Services (MPG), if
it is not used on the patient at the same
time.
z Press the soft key

»remote service «.
The remote service screen is displayed.
z Connect the remote service box to

the COM1 interface.
The service data of Primus can now be

transferred. For further operation, see
Instructions for Use for the remote
service box (article no. 90 37 439).
After exiting remote service

z Switch off Primus.
0086

Configuration
Configuration during
operation
Certain monitoring functions can be
selected or changed via configuration
menus for on-going operation.
The settings made here remain valid
until the workstation is switched off.
On the standard screen (example) or
data screen:
z Press the soft key »config.«.
The first configuration menu
(volume/alarms) opens.
0006
Volume/alarms
Alarm volume
1 = minimum volume
9 = maximum volume
CAUTION!
The alarm tone must be set to a
sufficiently loud volume!
The alarm »NO O2 DELIVERY« is

always announced at the maximum
volume.
Primus takes into account the national
regulations of certain countries which
require a minimum volume of 45 dB (A).
Settings 1 to 3 are not available at
45 dB (A) for these countries.
0049

Configuration
Breathing sound (optional)*

0 = off
9 = maximum volume
The ventilation tone is generated by a

breathing sound module. This module
converts the measured inspiratory and
expiratory flow values into audible
sounds similar to the sound of breathing.
Pulse volume (optional)

0 = off
9 = maximum volume
Setting the patient's age during

operations
Adjustment range <1 to 120 years
Alarms on/off
CO2 and SpO2 alarms (optional) and
HLM mode, see page 122, can be
enabled and disabled.
0049
* Only in connection with breathing sound

module.

Configuration
Parameter settings
Scaling amplitude
– CO2, PAW, flow, tidal volume, O2
The setting is made automatically or
by selecting a pre-set scale.
auto: Automatic adjustment to the
next higher or lower scaling after two
passes if the scaling frame is
exceeded.
– Tidal volume auto

A suitable scaling is selected
automatically in accordance with the
set age.
0 to 2 years: 150 mL,
>2 to 10 years: 500 mL,
>10 years: 1000 mL.
Units
– CO2: mmHg, Vol.%, kPa
– PAW: hPa, mbar, cmH2O
– agents: Vol.%, kPa
0061
Agent monitoring
– MAC display
( see page 103 for a detailed
description of the MAC definition and
calculation.)
– Related to age
Logbook entries
Logbook entries triggered by:
– Time interval (min)
Entries are triggered when a fixed
time interval expires (in minutes).
– Warnings
Entries are triggered when a warning
is issued.
– Cautions
Entries are made when a caution
message is issued.
0062

Configuration
Displaying system information

General information
The system information screens contain
information on
– Software version of the individual
components
– Enabled software options
– Gas consumption and sampling rate
of the patient gas module
– Operating hours of individual
components
Traces 1 to 3
Description of internal equipment states
and parameters.
z Press the soft key »exit sys. info« to

exit the configuration.
0063
Screen layout
z Press the soft key »screen layout«.
z Set the screen brightness via the
menu item »brightness«.
1 = dark, 16 = bright
Three screen layouts can be selected.

These layouts can be freely configured
in the standby configuration, see
page 135.
The active screen layout can be
changed via the menu item »config.
screen«.
The screens comprise three curve
modules with associated numerical
modules and three configurable
modules.
0035

Fault - Cause - Remedy

Power failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Gas failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Ventilator failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Fresh-gas delivery failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Ventilator and fresh-gas delivery failure . . . . . . . . . . 154
Gas measurement failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Screen error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
System failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Alarm messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Power failure
Primus automatically switches to the
built-in uninterruptible power supply
UPS.
Provided that the battery is fully
charged, operation can be continued for
at least 30 minutes (up to 90 minutes,
depending on the ventilation
parameters).
The message
»POWER FAIL« is displayed on the
screen, together with the remaining
battery capacity in percent.
Example:
30
If the battery is almost empty, the

message »BATTERY LOW« is
displayed.
0067
Primus permits manual ventilation with
100 % O2 in the event of a power failure
and empty batteries. The fresh gas
mixer, ventilator and monitoring are
inactive.
z Check vaporizer setting.

z Press the »Safety O2« knob for O2
emergency delivery to unlock it and
set it to the required O2 flow. Range:
0 to 12 L/min. This O2 flows through
the vaporizer.
z Ensure adequate substitute
monitoring!
WARNING!
The patient must be ventilated
manually!
uni_0078

Gas failure
Primus displays a corresponding
message if the gas supply fails:
»NO O2 DELIVERY«, »NO AIR
DELIVERY« or »NO N2O DELIVERY«.
z Open the valve on the corresponding
backup cylinder at the back of the
workstation.
z Restore the central piped medical
gas supply.
If there is no backup supply for the failed

gas, the corresponding LED below the
screen will light up red and Primus N 2O O2
delivers air or O2 instead of the set gas
mixture:
– Primus delivers 100 % Air if O2 has

failed.
– Primus delivers 100 % O2 if N2O has
failed.
– Primus delivers 100 % O2 if Air has
failed.
The fresh gas-flow (L/min) remains
constant.
Fresh gas metering remains operational
uni_0079
even following a gas failure. This means
that »AIR« or 100 % O2 can be set as
carrier gas if »N2O« fails.
In the event of a prolonged supply gas

failure, the probe must be disconnected
from the wall terminal, otherwise the
central gas supply may become
contaminated!
0068

If the central gas supply for O2 and AIR fails and no backup
supply is available, operation can be continued with ambient
air in automatic ventilation modes.
This is possible due to the fact that the electrically driven
ventilator does not require driving gas for the drive. If the fresh-
gas volume is insufficient, the missing quantity is refilled with
ambient air if the manual breathing bag is removed.
z Remove manual breathing bag.

z Perform automatic ventilation.
WARNING!
The operation with ambient air leads to changes in the
gas composition due to dilution effects. The anesthetics
can no longer be delivered. Carefully check the gas
mixture. To continue with the anesthesia, use IV
anesthetics.
Expiratory anesthetic agents can escape from the

breathing system. Make sure that there is adequate
ventilation.
The failure of the central gas supply may lead to the failure of
connected devices.
The cylinder valve on the corresponding backup cylinder must

be closed again after restoring the central gas supply.
WARNING!
Gas may be withdrawn from the backup cylinders if the
valve remains open!

Ventilator failure
The following message is displayed if
the ventilator fails:
»VENTILATOR FAIL«.
This is indicated by a red cross through
the ventilator symbol on the screen and
disabled soft keys for the ventilation
mode. A prompt appears, advising the
operator how to continue:
»Ventilator failure.
Only manual ventilation available.«
Primus automatically switches over to
»Man.Spont.«.
WARNING!
In the event of ventilator failure,
Primus switches to the ventilation
mode »Man.Spont«.
The patient must be ventilated
manually!
WARNING!
If pressure or volume monitoring
0069
fails:
Ensure adequate substitute
monitoring.
Fresh-gas delivery failure

the gas mixer fails: »GAS
MIXER FAIL«.
The current ventilation mode remains
active during a gas mixer failure.
The soft keys for fresh gas delivery are
disabled and a prompt appears, advising
the operator how to continue:
»Fresh-gas delivery failure.
Check vaporiser setting,
open Safety O2 control valve and set
a sufficient flow.«
z Check the vaporizer setting.

z Set the »Safety O2« knob for O2
emergency delivery to the required
flow. Range: 0 to 12 L/min. This flow
streams through the vaporizer.
0070

Ventilator and fresh-gas

delivery failure
both the ventilator and the gas mixer fail:
»GAS + VENT. FAIL«.
The failure is indicated by a red cross
through the ventilator symbol on the
screen and disabled soft keys for the
ventilation mode, as well as for fresh-
gas delivery. Two prompts appear,
advising the operator how to continue:
»Fresh-gas delivery failure.
Check vaporizer setting. Open safety
O2 control valve and set a sufficient
flow.«
»Ventilator failure.
Only manual ventilation available.«
Primus automatically switches to the
»Monitoring« mode.

z Set the »Safety O2« knob for O2
emergency delivery to the required
0071
flow. Range: 0 to 12 L/min. This flow
streams through the vaporizer unit.
z The patient must be ventilated
manually!
Gas measurement failure

monitoring.
Screen error
If the screen display fails:
z Switch off Primus.

z Set the oxygen flow to the desired
value with the O2 emergency
delivery.
z The patient must be ventilated
manually.
monitoring!

System failure
If the system no longer responds to an action:
z Ventilate the patient by hand!
1 Switch Primus off and on again: press the power switch

» «.
2 Cancel the self-test: Press the soft key »cancel test«.
3 Select the Monitoring Mode, see page 99.
If the system has failed completely:

4 2
1 Switch Primus off.
In both cases, to ensure alternative delivery of 100 % O2 and

anesthetic agent:
3
4 Check the vaporizer setting.
5 Press the »Safety O2« knob to unlock it and turn it to set
1
the required flow.
5
WARNING!
If the manual ventilation bag does not fill with fresh gas:
uni_0080
Check the oxygen supply, open cylinder valves if
necessary.
If fresh gas is still not delivered or manual ventilation is

not possible:
Close the »Safety O2« knob for O2 emergency delivery.
Disconnect the workstation from the patient and use an
alternative method of ventilation.
Switch off Primus.

Alarm messages
Primus divides the fault messages into three priority classes Technical alarms identified by an asterisk "*" can be
identified by different colors: downgraded to lower priority or canceled altogether by
Warning = Message with high priority (red) pressing the » « key.
Caution = Message with medium priority (yellow)
The messages are listed below in alphabetical order. The list
Advisory = Message with low priority (white) is intended to help identify the cause of an alarm message and
to remedy the fault rapidly.
Priority Message Cause Remedy

Advisory 2 MIXED AGENTS A second anesthetic agent has been Wait for the transition phase to end after
detected. changing anesthetic agents.
Check the vaporizer filling level.
Flush system if necessary.
Check fresh-gas settings.
Caution 3 MIXED AGENTS1) A mixture of more than two anesthetic Check the vaporizer filling level.
agents has been detected. Flush system if necessary.
Check fresh-gas settings.
Wait for transition phase to end.
Advisory/ AIR CYLIND. CONNECT?* Pressure sensor for backup cylinder not Check pressure sensor connection.
– connected.
Caution/ AIR CYLIND. EMPTY* Backup AIR cylinder empty and central Use a new backup AIR cylinder.
Advisory AIR supply not available or not Use the central supply.
connected.
Advisory APNEA2) Breathing/ventilation has stopped Patient must be manually ventilated
Caution (detected by pressure, volume and CO2 immediately!
Warning monitoring). Check patient's spontaneous breathing
ability.
Check ventilator setting.
Check fresh-gas setting.
Check that everything is connected.
Check hose system and tube!
Advisory APNEA CO2 3) Sample line not connected. Check sample line.
Caution No spontaneous breathing. Patient must be manually ventilated
Warning immediately!
Check patient's spontaneous breathing
ability.
Check that everything is connected.
Check hose system and tube.
Breathing/ventilation has stopped. Patient must be manually ventilated
immediately!
1) The simultaneous presence of three agents cannot always be identified.

A mixture of more than two agents may lead to a temporary failure of the measured O2 value.
2) Priority in accordance with maximum priority of the individual alarms.
3) Apnea alarms are graded in time:
In automatic ventilation modes:
Caution = Apnea CO2 for 0 to 30 seconds.
Warning = Apnea CO2 >30 seconds.
In ventilation modes Man.Spont, Pressure Support, ext. fresh-gas outlet:

Advisory = Apnea CO2 for 0 to 30 seconds.
Caution = Apnea CO2 for 31 to 60 seconds.
Warning = Apnea CO2 >60 seconds.


Caution APNEA FLOW1) Breathing/ventilation has stopped. Patient must be manually ventilated
immediately!
Warning Check patient's spontaneous breathing
ability.
Insufficient fresh-gas supply. Check fresh-gas setting.
Tube kinked. Check hose system and tube.
Leak in hose system.
Caution APNEA PRESSURE2) Breathing/ventilation has stopped Patient must be manually ventilated
immediately!
Warning Insufficient fresh-gas supply. Check fresh-gas setting.
Leak or blockage in tube or hose Check hose system, tube and microbial
system. filter.
Patient not connected. Connect patient correctly.
Caution APNEA VENTILATION No spontaneous breathing efforts by the Check the patient's trigger capability.
patient during Pressure Support Mode.
Set an adequate trigger.
Caution BATTERY LOW The battery capacity of the Connect to mains power.
uninterruptible power supply is almost Check patient's condition!
exhausted (<10 %). Prepare manual ventilation with
100 % O2.
Advisory BATTERY LOW The battery capacity of the Connect to mains power.
uninterruptible power supply is almost Check patient's condition!
exhausted (<20 %). Prepare manual ventilation with
100 % O2.
Warning BREATH. SYS. TEMP. HIGH Temperature of the breathing system is Check temperature of the breathing
too high. system or breathing gas.
Call DrägerService.
Advisory CHECK SAMPLE LINE Sample line blocked or not Check sample line and filter in T-piece
connected. and water trap if applicable, replace if
necessary.
Warning/ CHECK VENT. ASSEMBLY Breathing system installed incorrectly or Check whether breathing system is
Caution3) incompletely. correctly installed.
Check whether upper diaphragm is
correctly installed.
Breathing system is defective. Use another breathing system.
Advisory CIRCLE LEAK Leak in patient circle system. Check tube, hoses and filter.
Advisory COM1 FAIL Communication via the corresponding Check the plug connection on Primus
COM2 FAIL COM port has been interrupted. and the on-line equipment.
COM3 FAIL

Caution = Apnea flow for 0 to 30 seconds.
Warning = Apnea flow >30 seconds.
Caution = Apnea pressure for 0 to 30 seconds.
Warning = Apnea pressure >30 seconds.
3) If the caution »APNEA PRESSURE« and »APNEA FLOW« also occur, the priority changes from »Caution« to »Warning«.


Caution ET CO2 HIGH The upper alarm limit for the end- Check ventilation.
expiratory CO2 concentration has been
exceeded for at least two breaths.
Caution ET CO2 LOW The lower alarm limit for the end- Check ventilation.
expiratory CO2 concentration has been
fallen short of for at least two breaths.
Advisory FAN FAIL Fan for evacuating gases inside the Workstation must be switched off!1)
device is defective. Call DrägerService.
Advisory FG LOW OR LEAK Fresh-gas setting is too low. Increase the fresh-gas flow.
Caution Check anesthetic gas scavenging
Warning2) system.
Leak Repair leak.
Warning/ FRESH-GAS EXTERN OK Fault when switching over to the Check fresh-gas flow at external
Advisory ?* external fresh-gas outlet. outlet.
Switch external fresh-gas outlet on and
off several times.
Use operational outlet.
Warning/ GAS MIXER FAIL* Fresh-gas mixer is no longer Check setting of vaporizer unit.
Advisory operational. Turn »Safety O2« knob for O2
emergency delivery to required O2-flow,
range 0 to 12 L/min.
Ensure that the fresh-gas flows in the
breathing circle used (breathing system
or ext. FG outlet).
Warning/ GAS + VENT FAIL* Fresh-gas mixer and ventilator are no Patient must be manually ventilated
Advisory longer operational. immediately!
Check the vaporizer setting.

Turn »Safety O2« knob for O2
emergency delivery to required O2-flow,
range 0 to 12 L/min.
Caution INCORRECT FG FLOW Set fresh-gas flow cannot be delivered. Check the vaporizer setting.
Ensure that emergency O2 delivery is
closed.
Set fresh-gas flow to between
3 and 10 L/min.
Caution INSP. CO2 HIGH Soda lime in circle system exhausted. Increase the fresh-gas flow.
Replace soda lime.
Leak or fault in breathing system. Replace breathing system!
3)
High ventilation frequencies. Adjust alarm limits if necessary.
Dead space ventilation. Check ventilation settings.
Advisory INSP. FLOW SENSOR FAIL Insp. flow sensor is defective. Replace flow sensor, see page 169.
1) A defective fan together with an internal leak may cause higher O2 concentrations inside the workstation. Risk of fire!
2) The priority of the warning depends on the extent of fresh-gas shortage.
3) If the ventilation frequencies are high, the measured value can no longer follow the gas concentration properly due to the design of the system.


Caution INSP. HAL. HIGH2) Insp. anesthetic gas concentration Check the vaporizer and fresh-gas
Warning1) INSP. ISO. HIGH2) exceeds 5 MAC. settings.
Advisory INSP. ENF. HIGH2)
INSP. DES. HIGH2)
INSP. SEV. HIGH2)
Insp. anesthetic gas concentration
exceeds 3 MAC for more than 180
seconds.
exceeds 3 MAC and exp. 2.5 MAC for
more than 30 seconds.
exceeds the upper alarm limit for
at least two breaths.
Caution INSP. HAL. LOW3) The insp. anesthetic gas concentration Check the vaporizer and fresh-gas
INSP. ISO. LOW3) has fallen short of the lower alarm limit settings.
INSP. ENF. LOW3) for at least two breaths.
INSP. DES. LOW3)
INSP. SEV. LOW3)
Check breathing system for large leaks.
Check soda lime, (dried up?)
Caution INSP. N2O HIGH Inspiratory N2O concentration exceeds Check N2O concentration in the fresh-
the upper alarm limit of 82 %. gas flow.
Flush.
Caution INSP. O2 HIGH Inspiratory O2 concentration exceeds Check O2 concentration in the fresh-gas
the upper alarm limit. flow.
Warning INSP. O2 LOW Inspiratory O2 concentration is below Check O2 concentration and fresh-gas
the lower alarm limit. setting.
Check breathing system for large leaks.
Check O2 supply.
Warning/ INTERNAL TEMP. HIGH* Temperature inside the device is too Check ambient conditions.
Advisory high. Ensure air circulation at back of device.
Fan is defective. Call DrägerService.
Extreme, non-physiological ventilation Check ventilator setting.
settings.
Caution LOSS OF DATA Data loss of the settings and/or the Check the current settings and the
system configuration. default settings.
Repeat settings if necessary.
Alarm can be canceled by pressing
» «.
1) Caution = insp. gas concentration > upper alarm limit

Warning = MAC value > upper alarm limit
2) Advisory = insp. gas concentration > upper alarm limit for 0 to 30 seconds.
Caution = insp. gas concentration > upper alarm limit for 31 to 180 seconds.
Alarm = insp. gas concentration > upper alarm limit for > 180 seconds.
or Warning = MAC value > upper alarm limit.
3) Alarms can be activated and deactivated in the default configuration for Man.Spont.


Advisory LOW AIR SUPPLY Compressed air supply has failed. Open optional backup air cylinder.
Check central supply.1)
The central gas supply is not connected Check connection to central gas supply.
or the compressed air hose is kinked.
Optional air cylinder is empty or closed. Connect a full air cylinder or
open the cylinder valve.
Compressed air compressor has failed. Check compressor.
Advisory LOW N2O SUPPLY N2O supply has failed. Open the N2O reserve cyclinder.
Check central supply.1)
Probe for the central supply not plugged Check connection to central supply.
in or N2O hose kinked.
N2O cylinder empty or closed. Connect a full N2O cylinder or open the
cylinder valve.
Caution MINUTE VOL. HIGH2) Upper alarm limit for the minute volume Correct the tidal volume or breathing
has been exceeded. rate.
Check spontaneous breathing.
Correct the trigger level if necessary
when using Pressure Support Mode.
Caution MINUTE VOL. LOW2) Lower alarm limit for the minute volume Check breathing system.
has been fallen short of. Check ventilator setting.
Correct the trigger level if necessary
when using Pressure Support Mode.
Check the patient's trigger capability.
Tube sealed/kinked. Check tube.
Leak Check tube, hoses, filters, bellows,
absorber.
Reduced tidal volume through pressure Correct ventilation settings.
limitation.
Fresh-gas flow is insufficient. Increase the fresh-gas flow.
Advisory/ N2O CYLIND. CONNECT.?* Pressure sensor for backup cylinder not Check pressure sensor connection.
– connected.
Warning/ N2O CYLIND EMPTY* N2O backup cylinder empty or closed Use a new N2O backup cylinder or open
Advisory and the cylinder valve.
central N2O supply not available or not Use the central supply.
connected.
Warning/ NO AIR DELIVERY* Compressed air supply has failed. Open optional backup air cylinder.
Advisory Check central supply.1)
The central gas supply is not connected Check connection to central gas supply.
or the compressed air hose is kinked.
Optional air cylinder is empty or closed. Connect a full air cylinder or
Compressed air compressor has failed. Check compressor.
1) In the event of a prolonged supply gas failure, the probe must be disconnected from the wall terminal.
The central gas supply may become contaminated!
2) Alarms can be activated and deactivated in the default configuration for Man.Spont.


Warning/ NO N2O DELIVERY* N2O supply has failed. Open N2O backup cylinder.
Advisory Check central supply.1)
Probe for the central supply not plugged Check connection to central supply.
in or N2O hose kinked.
N2O cylinder empty or closed. Connect a full N2O cylinder or
Warning NO O2 DELIVERY
LOW O2 SUPPLY O2 supply has failed. Open O2 backup cylinder.
Check central supply.
Probe for the central supply not plugged Check connection to central supply.1)
in or O2 hose kinked.
O2 cylinder empty or closed. Connect a full O2 cylinder or open the
cylinder valve.
Warning NO SPO2 PULSE No pulse signal detected with the SpO2 Check patient's condition!
measurement for approx. 10 seconds.
Check application of SpO2 sensor.
NiBP measurement on the same arm. Measure blood pressure on the other
arm.
Advisory/ O2 CYLIND. CONNECT.?* Pressure sensor for backup cylinder not Check pressure sensor connection.
– connected.
Warning/ O2 CYLIND. EMPTY* O2 backup cylinder empty Use a new O2 backup cylinder or open
Advisory or closed the cylinder valve.
and central O2 supply not available or Use the central supply.
not connected.
Advisory O2 CYLIND. LOW Pressure has dropped below the Use a new O2 backup cylinder.
pressure limit set for the O2 cylinder. Use the central supply.
Advisory O2 SENSOR FAIL O2 sensor is spent or defective. Replace O2 sensor, see page 190.
Caution PEEP HIGH Exp. pressure 5 mbar above PEEP for In automatic ventilation modes check
two breaths or the ventilation parameters,
Exp. pressure 10 mbar above PEEP for during manual ventilation check the
more than 30 seconds or setting of the APL valve and
Exp. pressure 5 mbar above PEEP in check the anesthetic gas scavenging
Pressure Support Mode for more than line.
30 seconds.
Caution PINSP. NOT ATTAINED2) The inspiratory pressure set in Pressure Check set ventilation parameters, repair
Mode is not achieved. leak if necessary.
Fresh-gas shortage. Check fresh-gas setting.
1) In the event of a prolonged supply gas failure, the probe must be disconnected from the wall terminal.
The central gas supply may become contaminated!
2) The fresh-gas mixture may deviate from the set values. Please check the gas mixture and eliminate the fault.


Caution/ POWER FAIL* Power failure. Restore central supply.
Advisory Observe battery capacity.
Prepare manual ventilation.
Short-circuit in one of the units Unplug appliance connector from
connected to an auxiliary socket. auxiliary socket.
Restore central supply.
Advisory POWER SPLY. ERROR Internal fault in the power supply. Call DrägerService.
Operation of the workstation can
continue for the time being.
Advisory PRESSURE ERROR Pressure sensor is defective. Perform self-test.
Warning PRESSURE HIGH Upper alarm limit for the airway pressure
has been exceeded.
Tube kinked. Check hose system and tube.
Stenosis.
Ventilation settings not correct. Correct ventilation settings.
Caution PRESSURE LIMITATION Ventilator is operating with pressure Check ventilator setting.
limitation.
Tube kinked/stenosis. Check tube, hoses and filter.
Microbial filter contaminated on Check microbial filter.
inspiration side.
Caution PRESSURE NEGATIVE Insufficient fresh-gas supply. Set adequate fresh-gas flow on
anesthetic machine. Flush system if
necessary.
Endotracheal aspiration during Check endotracheal aspiration system.
ventilation.
Negative pressure due to fault in Check whether upper diaphragm is
ventilator. correctly installed.
Anesthetic gas scavenging system is Check anesthetic gas scavenging
defective. system.
Caution SAFETY O2 OPEN O2 emergency supply is open. Close O2 emergency supply.
Caution SETTING CANCELED The last settings have not been Repeat settings.
accepted on account of temporary Alarm can be canceled by pressing
errors. » «.
Advisory SPEAKER FAIL Speaker is defective. No alarm tone.

Caution PULSE HIGH Upper alarm limit for pulse has been Check patient's condition!
exceeded. Correct alarm limit if necessary.
Warning PULSE LOW Pulse below lower alarm limit. Check patient's condition!
Check ventilation.
Caution SPO2 HIGH Upper alarm limit for oxygen saturation Check ventilation.
has been exceeded.
Warning SPO2 LOW Lower alarm limit for oxygen saturation Check ventilation.
has been fallen short of. Check application of SpO2 sensor.
Check O2 concentration of fresh-gas
flow.
Advisory SPO2 SENS. DISCONNECT. SpO2 sensor not connected. Check sensor connection.


Warning/ VENTILATOR FAIL* Ventilator is no longer operational. Patient must be manually ventilated
Advisory immediately!
Adequate substitute monitoring must be

ensured if pressure and volume
monitoring has failed.
Warning/ VENTILATOR UNLOCKED* Ventilator unit has not been locked Push the ventilator in until it engages in
Advisory correctly. the right position.1)
Caution VOLUME NOT ATTAINED2) Set volume is not Repair leak.
delivered. Correct pressure limitation or inspiration
time if necessary. Check fresh-gas flow
setting.
Check fresh-gas flow setting.
INOP instead of measured Values cannot be measured, sensor Replace sensor if necessary.
values defective. Ensure adequate substitute monitoring.
CAL instead of measured Sensors are being calibrated. Wait until calibration is complete.
values
»– –« instead of measured Measurement currently not possible. Ensure adequate substitute monitoring.
values Call DrägerService.
» « beside measured All alarms for the measured values 3) Enable alarms in configuration menu,
values concerned have been disabled. see page 136.
Symbol , or One or both alarm limits for the Set alarm limits, see page 136.
beside measured values measured value concerned has/have
been disabled.
Gray measured values The set value differs from the delivered
value.
The specified accuracy cannot be
maintained.
1) Anesthetic gas scavenging system is not active when the ventilator unit is disconnected.
The ambient air may become contaminated with anesthetic agents!
2) The fresh-gas mixture may deviate from the set values. Please check the gas mixture and eliminate the fault.
3) Applies to all CO2 and SpO2 alarms.

Hygiene and care
Hygiene and care

Removing components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Removing the sample line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Removing the water trap container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Removing the patient system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Removing the microbial filter (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Removing the ventilator module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Removing the flexible arm and manual breathing bag . . 168
Removing the absorber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Removing the breathing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Removing the ventilator diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Removing the flow sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Opening the breathing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Removing the anesthetic gas scavenging system AGS . 170
Removing the secretion aspiration system (optional) . . . 171
Scope of validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Sequence of steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
What is meant by hygiene and care? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Disinfecting/cleaning/sterilizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Choice of disinfectant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Breathing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Spirolog flow sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
SpiroLife flow sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Care list Primus anesthetic workstation . . . . . . . . . . 176
Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Installing the breathing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Inserting the flow sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Filling and fitting the absorber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Installing the flexible arm (optional) and manual breathing
bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Inserting the ventilator module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Connecting the breathing hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Connecting the anesthesia gas scavenging system AGS 182
Connecting the secretion aspirator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Hygiene and care
Removing components
Removing the sample line
z Unscrew the sample line from the Y-piece and the water
trap on the front of the unit.
CAUTION!
Sample gas lines are single-use articles and must not be
disinfected.
Disinfectants can damage the sample gas line and the
diaphragm of the water trap.
– The sample line can be disposed of with ordinary domestic

waste.
uni_0050
Removing the water trap container
z Pull the water trap out towards the front and empty it, see
page 55.
WARNING!
The water trap must be replaced after a service life of
four weeks.
The diaphragm could become brittle after an extended
period of use, allowing water and bacteria to get into the
measurement system. The contamination affects the
gas measurement or the gas measurement may fail as a
result.
– Dispose of the old water trap with ordinary domestic waste.

Note the Instructions for Use of the water trap Waterlock.
uni_0020
Removing the patient system

z Disconnect the breathing hoses from the breathing
system.
z Disconnect the various parts of the hose system (breathing
hoses, Y-piece, connector and optional Y-piece filter). The
filter on the Y-piece is not reusable and can be disposed of
with ordinary domestic waste.
Note the regulations of the hospital for infectious patients!
z Prepare the parts for conditioning in a cleaning and
disinfecting machine.
uni_0052

Hygiene and care
z Do not damage the breathing hoses!

When attaching or removing the breathing hoses always
hold them at the connection sleeve and not at the spiral
ribbing!
Otherwise the spiral ribbing can become detached from
the sleeve.
Breathing hoses with damaged spiral ribbing can easily be
kinked and interrupt the flow of gas!
Always check the breathing hoses for damage prior to use.
Damaged breathing hoses must not be used.
uni_0053
Removing the microbial filter (optional)
On the sleeve of the microbial filter:
z Pull the filter off the nozzle.
z Prepare the microbial filter for conditioning according to
the corresponding Instructions for Use.
uni_0054
Removing the ventilator module
1 Push the writing table inwards.
2 Press the release button* on the ventilator module and pull
the module out.
2
uni_0051

Hygiene and care
Removing the flexible arm and manual breathing bag

z Remove the manual breathing bag from the arm.
1 Unscrew the knurled screws on the socket of the arm.
2 Disconnect the arm from the breathing system.
1 1
uni_0094
Removing the absorber
3 Turn the absorber counterclockwise and pull it down.
z Empty the soda lime. Note the Instructions for Use.
4 Remove the insert from the absorber. The inner and outer
sealing ring remain on the absorber insert. 6
z Prepare the absorber for conditioning in a cleaning and
disinfecting machine. 5
4 The disposable absorber Drägersorb CLIC can also be
5
used instead of the reusable absorber described here. 4
(See the Drägersorb CLIC Instructions for Use.) 5
Removing the breathing system 3

NOTE: uni_0055
Before removing the breathing system, it must be allowed to

cool for 5 minutes if the anesthetic machine had just been
used.
5 Loosen the three sealing screws on the ventilator a quarter

turn counterclockwise using the key supplied.
6 Pull the breathing system up and out by the handle.

Hygiene and care
Removing the ventilator diaphragm

1 Remove the upper diaphragm and prepare it for
conditioning in a cleaning and disinfecting machine.
uni_0056
Removing the flow sensors
2 Unscrew the inspiratory and expiratory ports.
3 Remove the flow sensors.
CAUTION!
The flow sensors cannot be disinfected/cleaned by machine.
The Spirolog flow sensor cannot be sterilized in high-
temperature steam. 3
Note the Instructions for Use of the Spirolog and SpiroLife flow 2
sensors.
3
2
uni_0057
Opening the breathing system
4 Loosen the five sealing screws a quarter turn
counterclockwise using the key supplied.
z Remove the cover.
4 4
4
4 4
uni_0058

Hygiene and care
1 Lift off the metal valve plate.

z Prepare the housing parts for conditioning in a cleaning
and disinfecting machine.
z Place the metal valve plate in the cleaning and disinfecting
machine. 1
uni_0059
Removing the anesthetic gas scavenging system AGS
2 Remove the scavenging hose from the AGS system on the
back of Primus.
3 Remove the gray transfer hose.
0
4 Remove the anesthetic gas scavenging system.
I
z Prepare the individual parts for conditioning in a cleaning
and disinfecting machine.
0
Flow tubes must not be placed in the washer! I
3
4
3 2
uni_0060
z Remove the container for buffer volume.

5 Unscrew the union nut.
6 Unscrew the flow tube.
7 Unscrew the union nut and remove the particle filter.
The particle filter may be disposed of with ordinary
domestic waste after being sealed, see "Maintenance
intervals" on page 185. 5
Note the Instructions for Use of the anesthetic gas scavenging

system AGS. 6
7
uni_0061

Hygiene and care
Removing the secretion aspiration system (optional)

1 Remove the suction hose and vacuum hose leading to the
endotracheal aspiration system.
2 Grip the silicone sleeve of the bottle cap (see details
4
below) and pull it off. 1
3 Remove the secretion collecting bottle and flushing bottle
from the holder and empty them. 1
Note the hygiene regulations of the hospital.
Both secretion collecting bottles may contain infectious
secretions.
2
NOTE:
Always wear gloves when emptying the bottles!
3 3
4 Remove the filter at the bottom of the endotracheal
aspiration system.
(See "Maintenance intervals" on page 185)
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5 Remove the silicone sleeve from the lid of the secretion
collecting bottle.
6 Remove the overflow protection float from the rising pipe.
Prepare associated parts for conditioning in a cleaning and
disinfecting machine so that they can subsequently be
relocated without difficulty.
When using the disposable VacuSmart container:

6
Dispose of the VacuSmart container and hose with the
infectious secretion.
5
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Note the Instructions for Use of the suction unit.
Scope of validity
Applies to anesthetic machines after use with all patients.
National regulations must also be observed in those cases
where patients have notifiable diseases.
Material properties have been taken into account in the

specified conditioning instructions. Correct functioning of the
anesthetic machine is not impaired by the recommended
hygiene measures. They can be incorporated into the
hospital's own hygiene schedules.
Sequence of steps
If equipment parts are cleaned by hand, they must always be
disinfected first – to protect the personnel.
When cleaning and disinfecting equipment parts by machine,
they are always cleaned first and then disinfected.

Hygiene and care
What is meant by hygiene and care?

The purpose of all the described conditioning measures is to
provide each patient with a disinfected anesthetic machine i.e.
a machine free from all unhealthy micro-organisms. When
using the anesthetic machine on the patient, sterility is merely
required for the intubation tube and bronchial aspiration
catheter.
NOTE:
Correct preparation of the anesthetic machine is required to
minimize the general risks associated with the anesthetic
machine. Therefore, always strictly follow the preparation
instructions.
The following disinfection methods may be used:

– Disinfection by wiping the surface of the device,
surface disinfectant, see page 173.
– Mechanical cleaning with thermal disinfection
(≥93 °C, ≥10 min),
preferred procedure; a suitable cleaning agent must be
added.
– Manual disinfection in a bath.
Extensive personal protection required due to inhalation of
vapors.
NOTE:
Equipment parts should be cleaned and disinfected by
machine for hygienic conditioning purposes.
Complex, thermally stable functional components, such as the

breathing system, can easily be cleaned and disinfected by
machine, but are not always dried sufficiently. Subsequent
steam sterilization is recommended to dry off the remaining
water.
– Steam sterilization e.g. at 121 °C/max. 20 minutes or
134 °C/max. 8 minutes. Higher values can have a
negative influence on the service life of the functional
components.
Thermal disinfection methods do not have any cleaning effect.

They are thus only suitable for functional components which
have already been cleaned manually or in a machine.
After preparation in the cleaning and disinfection machine,

components and device parts that belong together should be
packed after visual inspection. For this purpose, a simple
wrapping with appropriate labeling is sufficient. This measure
may be omitted if the components and device parts are not to
be stored or transported.

Hygiene and care
Disinfecting/cleaning/sterilizing
Choice of disinfectant
Only products from the list of surface disinfectants may be
used for disinfection. To ensure material compatibility,
products based on the following agents may be used:
– Aldehydes
– Quaternary ammonium compounds.
The following products are not suitable:

– Compounds containing alkylamines
– Compounds containing phenols
– Halogen-releasing compounds
– Strong organic acids
– Oxygen-releasing compounds.
Use products from the list of surface disinfectants for

disinfection. Users in the Federal Republic of Germany are
advised to use disinfectants specified in the current DGHM list
(DGHM = German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology),
which is published by the mhp-Verlag, Wiesbaden.
Note: The DGHM list does not represent any recommendation
with regard to material compatibility. In addition to the main
agents, disinfectants frequently also contain additives which
may damage the materials used. For countries where this
DGHM list is not known, the active agents of the disinfectants
specified in these Instructions for Use can be used as a guide.
Surfaces
Surfaces of Primus, compressed gas hoses and cables
must not be treated with agents containing alcohol.
z Wipe off impurities with a damp disposable cloth.

z Disinfect with a wipe disinfectant, e.g. with Incidin Extra N
or Incidur.
Note the manufacturer’s Instructions for Use.
Do not allow any liquids to enter openings in the device.

Hygiene and care
Breathing system
All parts of the breathing system (except the Spirolog or
SpiroLife flow sensors), ventilator diaphragm, Y-piece,
breathing hoses, breathing bag, parts of the absorber,
parts of the secretion aspirator and parts of the anesthetic
gas scavenging system
z can be thermally disinfected – in an automatic cleaning
and disinfecting machine at 93 °C /10 minutes.
Only neutral cleaning agents and fully demineralized water
may be used (e.g. Neodisher Medizym)!
Chemical disinfectants need not be added for thermal
disinfection – they may cause corrosion!
WARNING!
The valve plate must be sterilized after washing in order
to dry it.
Correct operation of the workstation may be impaired
and lead to failure of the workstation if the control areas
in the valve plate are not dried completely!
Wipe the heating contacts of the metal valve plate and their
counterparts on the ventilator module with a cloth to remove
detergent residue.
Spirolog flow sensors

Disinfecting
z Approx. 1 hour in 70 % ethanol or isopropanol solution.
z Leave the sensor to dry in air for at least 30 minutes.
Otherwise the sensor may be damaged by remaining
alcohol when calibrated.
The following instrument disinfectants may be used:

– Korsolex Basic, Korsolex Extra, Korsolex Plus
(Bode Chemie, Hamburg, Germany)
– Gigasept FF, Gigasept AF
(Schülke & Mayr, Norderstedt, Germany)
Sterilizing
The Spirolog flow sensor cannot be sterilized!
Service life
The flow sensor can be reused as long as it can be calibrated
successfully.
Disposal
The flow sensor must be disposed of in the same way as
special infectious waste. Low emission combustion at over
800 °C.
Note the Instructions for Use of the Spirolog flow sensor.

Hygiene and care
SpiroLife flow sensors

Disinfecting
z Approx. 1 hour in 70 % ethanol or isopropanol solution.
z Leave the sensor to dry in air for at least 30 minutes.
Otherwise the sensor may be damaged by remaining
alcohol when calibrated.
The following instrument disinfectants may be used:

– Korsolex Basic, Korsolex Extra, Korsolex Plus
(Bode Chemie, Hamburg, Germany)
– Gigasept FF, Gigasept AF
(Schülke & Mayr, Norderstedt, Germany)
Sterilizing
Steam sterilization at 134 °C.
Not suitable for plasma or radiation sterilization.
Service life
The flow sensor can be reused as long as it can be calibrated
successfully up to a maximum period of 24 months.
Disposal
They must be disposed of like infectious special waste. Low-
emission combustion at over 800 °C.
Note the Instructions for Use of the SpiroLife flow sensor.
All the components are listed in the care list for Primus on
page 176 together with the preparation intervals and
preparation possibilities recommended. Note the hygiene
regulations of the hospital!
WARNING!
Do not allow any alcohol or cleaning agents/
disinfectants to come into contact with the inside of the
water trap.
Do not wash, flush or sterilize the water trap.
measurement system.

Hygiene and care
Care list Primus anesthetic workstation
What How often

Components which can be Conditioning intervals1)
conditioned
With filter at Y-piece With microbial filter at Without filter
inspiratory and expiratory
port
Primus workstation Front daily, other sides weekly
Power supply cable, pressurized gas Monthly
hoses, equipotential bonding cable
Breathing hoses and Y-piece Daily Per patient Per patient
Breathing bag with connector and Daily Daily Per patient
hose
Flexible arm for manual breathing bag Weekly Weekly Daily
(optional)
Ventilator diaphragm2) Weekly Weekly Daily
Cover of breathing system with APL Weekly Weekly Daily
valve
Middle and bottom part of breathing Weekly Weekly Daily
system
Expiratory port/inspiratory port Weekly Weekly Daily
Absorber and insert Weekly Weekly Daily
Spirolog flow sensors Weekly Weekly Daily
SpiroLife flow sensors Weekly Weekly Daily
AGS housing Weekly
AGS flow tube (without filter) Weekly
Container for AGS buffer volume Weekly
AGS transfer hose Weekly
Scavenging hose with connector Weekly
Silicone sleeve of secretion collecting As required,
bottle and rinsing bottle, their lid with but at least daily
float, suction hose and inspection
window
1) The conditioning intervals depend on the use and position of the filters. The table is merely intended as a rough guide.
The instructions of the hospital's hygiene officer shall prevail!
2) Remove any water which may have accumulated in the ventilator diaphragm.
Larger quantities of condensation may impair operation of the workstation and/or lead to failure of the equipment!
The parts should be cleaned and disinfected by machine. If

not, they must be disinfected by immersion and then cleaned.
NOTE:
Primus and its components must not be treated with
formaldehyde vapors or ethylene oxide!

Hygiene and care
How
Disinfection and cleaning Sterilization in
steam
Cleaning/disinfecting Wiping2) Disinfection 134 °C 8 minutes
machine1) by immersion2)
93 °C 10 minutes
No Outside3) No No
No Yes No No
Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes
Yes No Yes Yes
Yes No Yes Yes

Yes4) No Yes Yes5)
Yes4) No Yes Yes5)
Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes
No No Yes6) No
6)
No No Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes No
No Yes No No
Yes Yes Yes No
Yes Yes Yes No
Yes Yes Yes No
Yes No Yes Yes
1) Only use neutral cleaning agents (e. g. neodisher medizym)! Do not use disinfectants – risk of corrosion!
2) Use disinfectants based on aldehydes and quaternary ammonium compounds, e. g. with Incidin Extra N or
Incidur (disinfection by wiping), Gigasept FF or Korsolex Extra (disinfection by immersion).
3) Do not use any agents containing alcohol.
4) Only with fully demineralised water.
5) The valve plate must be sterilized after washing in order to dry it. Correct operation of the workstation may be impaired and lead to
failure of the workstation if the control areas in the valve plate are not dried completely.
6) Disinfect the flow sensor in 70 % ethanol solution for approx. 1 hour and leave to dry in air for at least 30 minutes.
Note the Instructions for Use of the flow sensor.

Hygiene and care
Assembly
Installing the breathing system
1 Place the metal valve plate (breathing system block) on a
flat surface.
2 Fit the metal valve plate onto the bottom section.
4 4
3 Tightly fit the cover.
4
4 Tighten all five sealing screws a quarter turn clockwise.
4 4
uni_0064
Inserting the flow sensors
5 Insert the flow sensors with the electric connection in the
slot.
6 Push in the expiratory and inspiratory ports,
with the nose of the port in the slot.
z Tighten the knurled nut by hand.
5
6
5
6
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7 Insert the ventilator diaphragm so that the Dräger legend

is visible from above.
7
uni_0056

Hygiene and care
1 Hang the breathing system into the ventilator module.

2 Tighten the sealing screws on the ventilator cover.
2
2
1
2
uni_0067
Filling and fitting the absorber
3 Push the insert fully into the absorber.
z Fill absorber with fresh soda lime up to the upper mark.
Recommendation:
Only use Drägersorb 800 Plus or Drägersorb FREE! 3
Do not use powdered lime, as a higher dust load can impair
the functionality of Primus.
4 Insert the absorber in the breathing system from below and

turn clockwise as far as possible.
The disposable absorber Drägersorb CLIC can also be
used instead of the reusable absorber described here. 4
(See the Drägersorb CLIC Instructions for Use.)
uni_0068
If the breathing system is not to be used within the next
24 hours:
z Only fill with the soda lime immediately before use!
WARNING!
Only flush the soda lime in the anesthesia system with
dry gases briefly!
The soda lime loses humidity. Generally, if the humidity

falls below a minimum set point, undesirable reactions
can occur, independent of the type of lime and the
inhalation anesthetic being used:
- reduced CO2 absorption,
- increased heat build-up in the absorber and thus
increased breathing gas temperature,
- formation of CO,
- absorption and/or decomposition of the inhalation
anesthetic.
These reactions could pose a danger to the patient.
Note the Instructions for Use of the Drägersorb 800 Plus or

Drägersorb FREE soda lime.

Hygiene and care
Installing the flexible arm (optional) and manual breathing

bag
1 Position the socket of the arm on the breathing system and
tighten it with the two knurled screws.
z Check that the arm is fixed securely!
1 1
uni_0094

Hygiene and care
Inserting the ventilator module

1 Slowly push in the ventilator module until it engages
2 Pull the writing table out.
uni_0070
Connecting the breathing hoses
3 Fit the microbial filters (optional) on the inspiratory and
expiratory ports of the breathing system until they audibly 3
engage. 5
4 Connect the breathing bag with connector to the shorter
breathing hose. Plug the breathing hose onto the angled
connector and hang the breathing bag on the hook.
5 Plug the breathing hoses into the inspiratory and
expiratory ports or onto the optional microbial filters and
4
connect them to the Y-piece or optional filter on the Y-
piece.
WARNING!
Do not use any antistatic or conductive breathing hoses
or face masks!
uni_0069
Risk of burns when using HF electrosurgery.
Primus has no components containing latex.
NOTE:
For latex-free use:
Use latex-free breathing bag and breathing hoses!
6 Fit the water trap at the front.

7 Screw the sample line with Luer lock connectors onto the
Y-piece and water trap.
NOTE:
Only use original sample line - other lines may change the 7
technical data of the device. 6
7
uni_0071

Hygiene and care
Connecting the anesthesia gas scavenging system AGS

1 Install the particle filter, tighten the union nut.
2 Screw in the flow hose.
3 Tighten the union nut.
z Refit the container for buffer volume.
3
uni_0061
4 Connect the gray transfer hose to the exhaust gas 0
I
connector at the bottom rear of the device and to the

connector of the scavenging system.
5 Connect the scavenging hose to the port of the scavenging 6
0
I
system. 4
6 Connect the anesthetic waste gas connector to the
scavenging hose.
7 Ensure that the second port of the scavenging system is 7
sealed with the screw plug.
4 5
Note the Instructions for Use of the anesthetic gas scavenging
system AGS.
uni_0073

Hygiene and care
Connecting the secretion aspirator

1 Press the overflow protection float into the rising pipe until
it clicks into place. The float must move freely without
falling out.
2 Uniformly button the silicone sleeve onto the cover of the
secretion collecting bottle.
1
2
uni_0063
3 Grip the silicone sleeve of the bottle cover and fit it on the
bottle.
4 Place the secretion collecting bottle in the inner sleeve and
5
the rinsing bottle in the outer sleeve. 6
When using the disposable VacuSmart container:
z Place the VacuSmart container in the secretion collecting
6
bottle and press the sleeve tightly into place. 7
5 Install the filter in the bottom of the endotracheal aspiration 3
system.
6 Connect the vacuum hose to the filter outlet of the
endotracheal aspiration system and to the thin port on the
4 4
cap.
7 Connect the suction hose to the thick port on the cap.
uni_0062

Maintenance intervals
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
General note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Emptying or replacing the WaterLock water trap . . . 188

Emptying the water trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Replacing the water trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Replacing the O2 sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Disposing of batteries and O2 sensors . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Disposing of the used device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Definitions
Inspection Actions to determine the actual condition
Service Actions to preserve the desired
condition
Repair Actions to restore the desired condition
Maintenance Inspection, service and repair if required
Preventive Maintenance operations executed at
maintenance defined intervals
General note
The workstation and its components must be cleaned and
disinfected before every maintenance operation -
especially before returning for repair!
Water trap Replace when dirty or when message »CHECK SAMPLE LINE«,
is displayed (if the sample line is free of blockages and not
kinked); at least every four weeks. Can be disposed of as
domestic waste.
O2 sensor Replace when calibration is no longer possible or when message
»O2 SENSOR FAIL« is displayed.
Disposal, see page 190.
Replacement of O2 sensors is not necessary in conjunction with
consumption-free O2-measurement (optional)
NOTE:
Replace flow sensors when calibration is no longer possible or
if an alarm message is displayed.
Observe the Instructions for Use of the flow sensors.
AGS filter Replace when blocked.

Filter of the endotracheal aspiration system Replace every two weeks.
Nafion hose on patient gas module
with bacterial filter Must be replaced by experts every two years.
Filter mat, patient gas module Must be replaced by experts once per year.
Filter mat, power pack Must be replaced by experts once per year.
Filter mat, housing cover Must be replaced by experts every two years.
Dust filter, ventilator unit Must be replaced by experts once per year.
Upper diaphragm of ventilator unit Must be replaced after one year at most.
Lower diaphragm of ventilator
unit + O-ring Must be replaced by experts every three years.
O-rings, vapor plug system Must be replaced by experts once per year.
Pressure reducer mixer for piped medical gas Must be replaced by experts every six years.
supply
Sintered filter, gas supply block Must be replaced by experts every two years.
PEEP diaphragm, breathing system Must be replaced by experts every two years.
Man.Spont.-Automatic reversing diaphragm Must be replaced by experts every two years.
O-rings between valve plate and diaphragm
cover of breathing system Must be replaced by experts every two years.

Lead gel battery in UPS Must be replaced by experts when message »BATTERY
LOW« is displayed or every three years.
Must be disposed of in accordance with local waste
disposal regulations.
Inspection and service see page 8
Technical customers documentation according to

EN 60601 is available upon request.

Emptying or replacing the WaterLock water

trap
The purpose of the water trap on the front of the device is to
prevent condensation and bacterial contamination of the gas
monitoring unit.
WARNING!
Do not allow any alcohol or cleaning agent/disinfectant
to come into contact with the inside of the water trap!
Do not wash or sterilize the water trap.
measurement system.
Emptying the water trap

if
– the level has reached the upper mark or
– the monitor displays an error message.
z Pull the water trap off to the front.
uni_0076
z Plug an empty syringe without cannula (min. 20 mL) into
the socket.
z Draw off the water, remove the filled syringe and dispose
of with domestic waste.
Observe the hospital's hygiene regulations!
z Push the water trap into place until it engages.
uni_0021

Replacing the water trap

The water trap must be replaced if
– the monitor continues to display the alarm message after
emptying of the water trap
– it is severely soiled.
WARNING!
The water trap must be replaced after a service life of
four weeks.
The diaphragm could become brittle after an extended
period of use, allowing water and bacteria to enter the
measurement system. The contamination affects the
gas measurement or the gas measurement may fail as a
result.
Proceed as follows:
z Pull the old water trap off to the front, dispose of with
domestic waste.
Observe the hospital's hygiene regulations!
z Mark the new water trap with the current date. Use the
space provided for this purpose.
z Push the new water trap into place until it engages.

Replacing the O2 sensor

The O2 sensor can be replaced when the workstation is
switched on or off. If you replace the sensor with the device
off, perform a self-test in order to trigger a new calibration.
Replacement of O2 sensors is not necessary in conjunction
with consumption-free O2-measurement (optional).
The O2 sensor is located on the rear of the device.

It must be replaced if
– message »O2 SENSOR FAIL« is displayed or
– the sensor can no longer be calibrated.
Proceed as follows:
1 Loosen screw.
2 Remove the spent O2 sensor from the screw and insert the
new O2 sensor into the screw.
Screw the screw back into place.
z Dispose of the spent O2 sensor, see below.
Disposing of batteries and O2 sensors

Batteries and O2 sensors:
z must not be thrown into a fire – risk of explosion!
z must not be opened forcibly – danger of chemical burns!
z must not be recharged.
Batteries must be handled as special waste:

z They must be disposed of in accordance with the local 2
waste disposal regulations.
1
Spent O2 sensors can also be returned to Dräger Medical.
uni_0077
Disposing of the used device
This device is subject to EU Directive 2002/96/EEC (WEEE).
It is not registered for use in private households, and may not
be disposed of at municipal collection points for waste
electrical and electronic equipment. Dräger Medical has
authorized a firm to dispose of this device in the proper
manner; for more detailed information, please contact your
local Dräger Medical organization.

Technical data
Technical data
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Ambient conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Fresh-gas delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Ventilator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Breathing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Fresh gas outlet for non-rebreathing system (optional) . 195
Measuring systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Operating data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Freedom from latex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Relevant standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Technical data
Technical data
All measurements and delivery data apply at 20 °C (68 °F) and 1013 hPa (760 mmHg).
Ambient conditions
In operation:
Temperature 15 to 40 °C (59 °F to 104 °F)
For charging the battery: to max. 35 °C (95 °F)
Air pressure 700 to 1060 hPa (525 to 795 mmHg)
Rel. humidity 25 to 85 % (no condensation)
CO2 concentration of the ambient air 300 to 800 ppm
In storage:
Temperature –20 to 60 °C (–4 to 140 °F)
O2 sensor max. 50 °C (122 °F)
Battery: min. –15 °C, max. 40 °C (5 °F, max. 104 °F)
Air pressure 500 to 1060 hPa (375 to 795 mmHg)
Rel. humidity 25 to 85 % (no condensation)
Fresh-gas delivery
(electronic mixer)
Settings:
O2 concentration 21 to 100 Vol.% (at least 25 Vol.% or 200 mL
per minute for N2O as carrier gas (SORC)).
Accuracy ±5 % or 2 Vol.%; whichever is greater.
Fresh-gas flow 0 and 0.2 to 18 L per minute volumetric flow1)

Accuracy
at 0 L per minute +0.005 L per minute
between 0.20 to 0.40 L per minute ±0.04 L per minute
over 0.4 L per minute ±10 %
O2 flush >35 L per minute
O2 safety flow 0 to 12 L per minute

Accuracy ±40 % or ±2 L per minute, whichever is greater.
Optional outlets: For connecting O2 tube and endotracheal aspiration system,

Pressure corresponds to relevant inlet pressure.
The pressure of the outputs is not monitored. This monitoring
must secure the workstation which is connected.
Air outlet max. 70 L per minute
O2 output max. 20 L per minute
1) Maximum permissible fresh gas flow may be limited by the anesthetic vaporizer used.

Technical data
Ventilator
(electronically controlled, electrically driven piston
ventilator, fresh gas disconnected)
Ventilation modes: Volume Mode, Pressure Mode, Pressure Support (optional)
Settings:
Pressure limitation PMAX
in Volume Mode (PEEP+10) to 70 hPa
((PEEP+10) to 70 cmH2O)
Accuracy ±10 % of setting or at least ±3 hPa (±3 cmH2O)
Inspiration pressure PINSP

in Pressure Mode (PEEP+5) to 70 hPa
((PEEP+5) to 70 cmH2O)
Accuracy ±10 % of setting or at least ±3 hPa (±3 cmH2O)
Tidal volume VT (compliance-compensated)

in Volume Mode 20 to 1400 mL1)
with optional pressure support 10 to 1400 mL1)
Accuracy
between 10 to 150 mL ±10 % of setting or at least ±10 mL
over 150 mL ±5 % of setting or at least ±15 mL
Frequency Freq. 3 to 80/min

Accuracy ±10 % of measured value or ±1/min, whichever is lower.
TINSP 0.2 to 6.7 seconds
Insp./exp. time ratio I:E max. 5 : 1
Inspiration pause TIP:TINSP 0 to 60 %
Inspiration flow (derived from VT and TINSP)

in Volume Mode 0.1 to 100 L per minute ±10 %
in Pressure Mode max. 150 L per minute +10 %
1) Due to gas measurements and leakages (leading to both the patient and the workstation), the maximum delivered tidal volume may
be limited in the case of high PEEP parameters and long expiratory pauses.

Technical data
PEEP
in Volume Mode 0 to 20 hPa (max. PMAX –10 hPa)
((0 to 20 cmH2O (max. PMAX –10 cmH2O))
in Pressure Mode 0 to 20 hPa (max. PINSP –5 hPa)
(0 to 20 cmH2O (max. PINSP –5 cmH2O))
Accuracy ±10 % of setting or ±2 hPa (±2 cmH2O),
whichever is greater1).
∆ PPS 3 to 50 hPa (max. PINSP)

(3 to 50 cmH2O (max. PINSP))
Trigger 0.3 to 15 L per minute
TSLOPE
in Pressure Mode and Pressure Support Mode0 to 2 seconds
Breathing system
Total gas volume
(without breathing hoses, incl. Absorber)
in Man.Spont. Approx. 4.4 L
in automatic ventilation Approx. 4.7 L (incl. piston
volume)
Compliance (without breathing hoses)

in Man.Spont. Approx. 5.3 mL/hPa (5.3 mL/cmH2O)
in automatic ventilation Approx. 2.4 mL/hPa (2.4 mL/cmH2O)
Absorber volume 1.5 L
Total system leakage (as per ISO 8835-2) <150 mL per minute at 30 hPa (30 cmH2O)
Pressure limitation valve APL

Adjustment range 5 to 70 hPa (5 to 70 cmH2O)
Accuracy
between 5 to 15 L per minute ±15 % of measured value or ±3 hPa (3 cmH2O),
Pressure drop at 30 L per minute 2.8 hPa (2.8 cmH2O) (damp and dry)
1) Due to gas measurements and leakages (leading to both the patient and the workstation), the final expiratory PEEP-value may be
lower than at the end of long expiratory pauses.

Technical data
Resistance
(as per ISO 8835-2, in a dry condition)
Absorber in normal operation
(filled with Drägersorb 800 Plus)
Inspiratory Expiratory
at 5 L per minute –4.6 hPa (–4.6 cmH2O) +4.0 hPa (+4.0 cmH2O)
Disposable absorber
Drägersorb CLIC 800 Plus (filled with
Drägersorb 800 Plus)
in normal operation
Inspiratory Expiratory
minimum pressure limit (as per ISO 8835-5) –3 hPa (–3 cmH2O)
Fresh gas outlet for non-rebreathing system (optional)

Connection Dia. 22 mm ISO cone (male) with dia. 15 mm ISO cone
(female)
Pressure limitation Max. 80 hPa (80 cmH2O) at 18 L per minute
Fresh-gas flow 0 and 0.2 to 18 L per minute volume flow

(see fresh-gas delivery for tolerances)
Measuring systems
Pressure measurement (piezo-resistant)
Airway pressure
Range –20 to 99 hPa (–20 to 99 cmH2O)
Resolution of the measurement 0.1 hPa (0.1 cmH2O)
Accuracy ±4 % of the measured value or ±2 hPa (±2 cmH2O),
PPEEP, PPEAK, PPLAT, PMEAN

Resolution of the indication 1 hPa (1 cmH2O)
Airway pressure with external fresh-gas outlet

Resolution of the measurement 0.1 hPa (0.1 cmH2O)

Technical data
PPEAK, PMEAN with external fresh-gas outlet

Resolution of the indication 1 hPa (1 cmH2O)
Central supply pressure
Range 0 to 9.8 kPa x 100 (0 to 140 psi)
Resolution of the indication 0.1 kPa x 100 (1.5 psi)
Accuracy ±4 % or ±0.2 kPa x 100 (±4 % or ±3 psi)
Cylinder pressure1)
Range 0 to 250 kPa x 100 (0 to 3600 psi)
Resolution of the indication 1 kPa x 100 (15 psi)
Accuracy ±4 % or ±6 kPa x 100 (±4 % or ±87 psi)
Flow measurement
(hot wire anemometry)
Flow
Range –180 to 180 L per minute
Resolution of the measurement 0.1 L per minute
Accuracy at 60 L per minute ±8 % of the measured value
Tidal volume VT
Range 0 to 9999 mL
Resolution of the indication 1 mL
Accuracy ±8 % of the measured value or ±5 mL, whichever is greater.
Minute volume MV
Range 0 to 99.9 L per minute
Resolution of the indication 0.1 L per minute
Accuracy ±8 % of the measured value or ±0.05 L per minute,
Compliance CPAT
Range 0 to 250 mL/hPa (0 to 250 mL/cmH2O)
Resolution of the indication 0.1 mL/hPa (0.1 mL/cmH2O)
Accuracy ±15 % of the measured value or ±0.5 mL/hPa (±0.5 mL/
cmH2O), whichever is greater.
1) applies to pressure reducer Silverline

Technical data
MVLEAK
Range 0 to 9.99 L per minute
Resolution of the indication 0.01 L per minute
Accuracy ±15 % of (MVEXP + MVLEAK) or ±0.01 L per minute,
Frequency measurement
Frequency Freq./spont. Freq.
Range 1 to 100/min
Resolution of the indication 1/min
Accuracy ±10 % or ±1/min, whichever is lower (6 to 100/min),
±0.3/min (<6/min)
O2, CO2 and anesthetic gas measurement

Side-stream sampling1). All values measured under calibration conditions ATPS,
sampling rate in NTPD
Sampling rate2) 150 mL/min ±20 mL/min 200 mL/min ±20 mL/min
Delay time for sampling Less than 4 sec. Less than 4 sec.
(typical value, depends on sample line)
Response time t10..90 O2
(ambient temperature >20 °C) (>68 °F)
Gas measuring module with fuel cell Less than 650 ms Less than 650 ms
Gas measuring module with
consumption-free Not available Less than 500 ms
O2 measurement
Response time t10..90 CO2 Less than 500 ms Less than 350 ms
Anesthetic agents t10..90 Agent Less than 500 ms Less than 500 ms
O2 measurement
(fuel cell)
Measuring range 5 to 100 Vol.%
Resolution of the measurement 0.1 Vol.%
Resolution of the indication 1 Vol.%
(for insp. O2, exp. O2)
Accuracy Calibration in air: Calibration with
100 Vol.% O2:
±3 Vol.% between ±3 Vol.% between
5 to 50 Vol.% 5 to 100 Vol.%
±5 Vol.% between
50 to 100 Vol.%
1) The sampled flow is returned to the breathing system and taken into account for measurement and delivery.
2) The applicable value depends on the patient gas module used and can be seen in the system information, see page 142 or
page 147.

Technical data
O2 measurement
(consumption-free measurement)
Measuring range 0 to 100 Vol.%
(for insp. O2, exp. O2)
Accuracy ±3 Vol.% between
0 to 100 Vol.%
CO2 measurement
(infrared spectrometry)
Measuring range 0 to 76 mmHg
Resolution of the measurement 1 mmHg
Resolution of the indication 1 mmHg
(for inCO2, etCO2)
Accuracy ±3.8 mmHg or ±12 % of the measured value, whichever is
greater.
Anesthetic gas measurement All values in Vol.% refer to ambient pressure

(infrared spectrometry) 1013 hPa (760 mmHg)
Measuring range of the anesthetic gases

Halothane 0 to 8.5 Vol.%
Isoflurane 0 to 8.5 Vol.%
Enflurane 0 to 10 Vol.%
Sevoflurane 0 to 10 Vol.%
Desflurane 0 to 20 Vol.%
Resolution of the indication 0.1 Vol.%
(for insp. and exp. anesthetic gas)
Accuracy1) ±(0.15 Vol.% +15 % rel.)
Measuring range N2O 0 to 100 Vol.%

(for insp. and exp. N2O)
Accuracy ±(2 Vol.% +8 % rel.)
MAC multiple (xMAC)

Resolution of the indication 0.1
1) At respiration rates of up to 60/min and ratio of inspiration to expiration of 1:1

Technical data
Anesthetic gas detection Automatic

Primary agent Min. 0.3 Vol.% (typical value 0.15 Vol.%)
Secondary agent At the latest at 0.4 Vol.%1),
becomes primary agent if more than 0.2 MAC
above former primary agent on expiratory side.
Cross-sensitivity None referred to alcohol (<3000 ppm),

acetone (<1000 ppm), methane, water vapor, NO and CO
Drift of measuring accuracy Compensated by cyclical zeroing
SpO2 measurement (optional)

(light absorption)
Measuring range SpO2 1 to 100 %
Resolution of the indication 1%
Accuracy
depending on the sensor model,
applies to DS-100 A
Adults
between 70 to 100 % SpO2 ±3 %
Neonates
between 70 to 100 % SpO2 ±4 %
Actualization time Once per heartbeat
Pulse rate 20 to 250/min

Resolution of the indication 1/min
Accuracy ±3/min
Sensors
Type Nellcor sensors with Oximax technology
Wavelengths 660 nm (red),
920 nm (infrared)
Light energy Infrared 1.5 to 4 mW
Standard red 0.8 to 3 mW
Acoustic pulse signal A tone is generated for each detected pulse beat,
pitch of the tone proportional to the oxygen saturation.
The displayed plethysmogram is a relative indicator of the pulse amplitude. Its scale is not absolute and it is only
used to judge the quality of the SpO2 measurement.
1) Exception: With a Desflurane concentration of more than 4 Vol.%, a mixture detection takes place at the latest when the
concentration of the second anesthetic gas exceeds 10 % of the Desflurane concentration.

Technical data
Interfaces
2 serial interfaces
COM 1...COM 2
Protocol MEDIBUS1) (COM 2 without real-time data)
Plug connector 9-pin sub-D, electrical isolation, 1.5 kV
Pin assignment
1 NC, not connected
2 TX, transmit
3 RX, receive
4 DTR, data terminal ready
5 GND, ground
6 DSR, data set ready
7 RTS, request to send
8 CTS, clear to send
9 NC, not connected
Shields DTR and DSR, as well as RTS and CTS are internally
connected. Hardware handshake is not supported.
Settings 1200 or 9600 Baud
Even parity
8 data bits
1 stop bit
Dräger Base, IV system For connecting IV systems
SA-Bus For internal use only

SpO2 For connecting an SpO2 sensor
Operating data
Operating voltage 100 to 240 V~(–15 % +10 %), 50/60 Hz
Power input 200 W typically, max. 2.5 kW with power drawn from auxiliary
sockets.
Uninterruptible power supply Fully charged batteries: at least 30 min
depending on the ventilation parameters
up to 90 minutes
(auxiliary sockets are not powered!).
Auxiliary sockets 2 sockets with automatic circuit-breakers rated at 4 A each
or 3 sockets with fusible inserts rated at 2 A each
Connection for optional halogen lamp 12 V max. 20 W

(Use the lamp specified in the list of accessories only!)
1) System alarm delay time=600 ms (typical value)

Technical data
Compressed gas supply at workstation inlet

O2 2.7 to 6.9 kPa x 100 at max. 125 L per minute
(39 psi to 100 psi at max. 125 L per minute)
(including max. output flow)
N2O 2.7 to 6.9 kPa x 100 at max. 55 L per minute
AIR 2.7 to 6.9 kPa x 100 at max. 125 L per minute
(including max. output flow), 55 L per minute) without optional
AIR outlet
Dew point >5 °C (>41 °F) at ambient temperature

Oil content <0.1 mg/m3
Particles dust-free air (filtered with pores <1 µm)
Driving gas consumption None
Noise emission in normal operation with ventilation

(ventilation tone volume = 0) <50 dB (A)
Dimensions1)
Primus Standing device W x H x D 80 cm x 137 cm x 80 cm (approx. 31.5 in x 53.9 in x 31.5 in)
Primus Wall/ceiling device W x H x D 64 cm x 97 cm x 54 cm (25.2 in x 38.2 in x 21.3 in)
(without optional ext. fresh-gas outlet)
Shelf W x D 43 cm x 29 cm (16.9 in x 11.4 in)
Breathing systems W x H x D 37.5 cm x 40.5 cm x 34.5 cm (14.8 in x 15.9 in 13.6 in)
Weight of Primus1) 115 kg (253.5 lb)

(ready for operation without vaporizer units and
gas cylinders)
Weight of breathing system without lime 4.4 kg (9.7 lb)
Screen Flat screen, color, TFT,
12.1'' screen diagonal, 800 x 600 pixels
Protection class
Workstation I, in accordance with
EN 60601-1
SpO2 sensor Type BF
electrically isolated from protective conductor
Electromagnetic compatibility EMC Tested to EN 60601-1-2
1) Deviations possible depending on the configuration

Technical data
Classification Class II b
in accordance with Directive 93/42/EEC
Annex IX
UMDNS Code 10-134

Universal Medical Device
Nomenclature System –
nomenclature for medical devices
Freedom from latex

Primus is latex-free!
Latex-free breathing bags and breathing hoses must be used
for latex-free use!
Relevant standards
IEC 60601-2-13
ISO 8835-2
ISO 8835-5
EN 60601-1, Medical electrical devices –

Part 1: General regulations for safety
(IEC 60601-1:1988 +A1:1991 +A2:1995 and
EN 60601-1/A13:1996)
EN 60601-1-2, Medical electrical devices –

Part 1: General requirements for safety
2. 2nd supplementary standard: Electromagnetic compatibility
– Requirements and testing
(IEC 60601-1-2:2001)
The service conditions for supplementary equipment must be

noted.
These may restrict the area of use for the system as a whole.
Vaporizer units and the anesthetic agents used may restrict

the area of use of the workstation as regards its temperature
range and maximum fresh-gas flow.
The corresponding Instructions for Use of the supplementary
equipment must be noted.

Index
Index
A default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Connecting auxiliary systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Connecting the
Absorber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 anaesthesia gas scavenging system AGS . . . . . . 44, 182
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 breathing hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Adapting Connecting the electrical connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Connecting the gas supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Adapting alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Agent monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146 Controlled ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
AGS anaesthetic gas scavenging system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Airway pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Alarm displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Alarm priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 D
Alarm signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Data screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Alarm tone volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Default alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Alarm volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Default limits, anesthetic agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Default settings
Aldehyde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Ammonium compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Ventilator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Anesthetic agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101, 103 Default values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 82, 84
APL valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Deleting the
Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Audible signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Device check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Disinfecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
B Displaying
alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Backup cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152 Disposing O2 sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Backup gas cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 43, 51 Disposing of batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Bar graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Disposing of the used device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Basic screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Downgrading
Basic settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 alarm priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 Durasensor DS-100 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Breathing hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 166 DVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Breathing resistances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Breathing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
E
C Econometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 106
Emergency
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Care list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176 Emergency breathing bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Ceiling device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Emergency operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Central gas supply ZV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Emptying the water trap
Changes in PEEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Changing End of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
soda lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Endotracheal aspiration system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Changing between Entering the patient's age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
ventilation modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Entering the patient's body weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Changing between ventilation modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Explosive anaesthetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Changing patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 External fresh-gas outlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Charging the battery for emergency operation . . . . . . . . . . 38
Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 F
CO2 Fault - Cause - Remedy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 Filling and fitting the
concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 absorber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Color concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 First use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Compensation of potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 46 Flexible arm for the manual breathing bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Compounds containing alkylamines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Flow/volume measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Compounds containing phenols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Frequency changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Configuration Fresh-gas delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 Fresh-gas delivery failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
during operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144 Fresh-gas failure detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Configuring the

Index
Function keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Optional parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Organic acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Oxygen-releasing compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
G
P
Gas delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Gas failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Parameter settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Gas measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 134 Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Gas supply block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Patient safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Patient system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Pop-off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
H Potentially explosive atmospheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Power failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Halogen-releasing compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Power on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
HF surgical devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Power switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
HLM mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Power-down delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Preparing the self test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
I Presetting the
Information about safe use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ventilation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Installing the Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
breathing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Pressure Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 200 Pressure support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Protection class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
L
R
Latex-free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Leak test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Registered trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Related to age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Leakages Release button for ventilator module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Remote service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Location and elimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Removing components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Removing the
Limit-based absorber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 anesthetic gas scavenging system AGS . . . . . . . . . . 170
Loading default breathing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 secretion aspiration system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Loading default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Removing the flow sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Removing the ventilator module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Loop scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Replacing the
Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 107 water trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Lung compliance (CPAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Replacing the O2 sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Rotary knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 30
M
S
MAC definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
MAC display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134, 146 Safety O2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Magnetic resonance imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Safety precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Sample line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Maintenance intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Scaling amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Manual ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73, 74 Scope of validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Measured values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Screen
MEDIBUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 135, 147
Medibus protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Standard layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Microbial filter 654 St . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Screen layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 147
Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 97, 99 Selecting monitoring functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Selecting the
logbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
O standard screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
O2 concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Selecting the carrier gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
O2 emergency delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Selecting/setting
O2 flush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 ventilation parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Opening the Self test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
breathing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Series of alarm tones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Operating concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Setting
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 alarm limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123, 136

Index
Setting fresh-gas concentrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Ventilation tone volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Setting the Ventilator and fresh-gas delivery failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
O2 concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Ventilator and gas delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Setting the fresh-gas flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Ventilator diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Setting the Vapor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Ventilator failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Soda lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Ventilator module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179, 181
Soft keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Ventilator settings
horizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 ideal body weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
vertical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Virtual flow tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102, 105
SORC (Sensitive Oxygen Ratio Controller) . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Volume
Special waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Ventilation tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
SpO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Volume Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
alarms on/off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Volume-controlled ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Volumeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
SpO2 measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 W
Spontaneous breathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73, 74
Standard screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 98, 100 Wall device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Standby key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Wall/ceiling device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Start manual ventilation/spontaneous breathing . . . . . . . . . 75 Waste disposal regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187, 190
Starting the Water trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
ventilation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Water trap WaterLock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Sterilizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 When Primus is not in use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Strong organic acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
Suppressing alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Switch off the
X
anesthetic gas scavenging system AGS . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 xMAC display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 80, 81
synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Z
System compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Zoom function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
System information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
T
Test result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Timer function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
To delete the trend memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
To prevent artefacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Toppling stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Trend screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 108
U
UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Using non-rebreathing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
V
Valve head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Vaporizer unit
Park holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Vaporizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Ventilating children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 73
pressure-controlled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
volume-controlled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
volume-controlled, synchronized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
with pressure support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 81
Ventilation mode
Man.Spont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Pressure Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Pressure Support Mode (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Volume Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Ventilation source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

These Instructions for Use apply only to
Primus SW 2.n
with Serial number:
Without the Serial number entered by

Dräger these Instructions for Use are for
information only!
Directive 93/42/EEC
concerning Medical Products
Dräger Medical AG & Co KG

Germany
Moislinger Allee 53 – 55
D- 23542 Lübeck
+49 451 8 82- 0
FAX +49 451 8 82- 20 80
http://www.draeger.com
90 37 991 - GA 5132.330 en
© Dräger Medical AG & Co. KG
3rd edition – January 2007
Subject to alteration

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Instructions for Use

To help you find your way around quickly.

Configuring the default

On each page... settings

to use the workstation.

The default settings can be configured in

the text The operator is requested to enter a

provides explanations and guides the user clearly and

1,2,... Numbers refer to the illustration and indicate the

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 3

Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Fault - Cause - Remedy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 5

Maintenance intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

6 Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n

For your safety and that of your patients

Information about safe use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 7

Even accessories designed to be reused after cleaning have

8 Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n

Information about safe use*

* Additional precautions can be found in the respective

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 9

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 11

The following measured values are displayed

The following parameters are displayed as curves

12 Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n

The system must meet the requirements of the standards

Data transfers via the MEDIBUS interface are used for

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 13

Gas supply block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Screen with user interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Flexible arm for manual breathing bag (optional) . . . . 21

Gas flow diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 15

1 Screen with user interface 9 Drawer uni_0081

2 Rotary knob "select, set, confirm" 10 Castors with locking brake

* available since November 2004

16 Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 17

Gas supply block

18 Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n

Screen with user interface

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 19

1 SpO2 Socket for SpO2 sensor (optional) uni_0084

2 COM 1 MEDIBUS interface

20 Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n

Flexible arm for manual breathing bag (optional)

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 21

Gas flow diagram

SPONT MAN sample line

Dräger Vapor 2000

22 Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n

Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n 23

24 Instructions for Use Primus SW 2.n

Call up basic screens in succession Automatic ventilation

Standby/operation switch Connector for

Fresh-gas flowing UL test mark

Action in progress Plug system for Vapor units

Upper and lower alarm limits Mains voltage

Upper alarm limit only Power switch

Lower alarm limit only

Alarm tone suppressed for 2 minutes