Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

This chapter includes a discussion of the related literature and studies,

theoretical/conceptual background as components of a faculty evaluation.

Related Literature

Local Literature

“Makati fully implements biometric timekeeping system”, 2016. MANILA,

Philippines - The Makati City government has fully implemented the use of the

Automated Biometrics Timekeeping System in monitoring the daily attendance of

employees working in its offices at the City Hall complex in Barangay Población. Makati

Mayor Jejomar Erwin Binay said “the move was in keeping with the commitment of the

city government to harnessing technology to promote transparency and efficiency in its

operations and services”.

According to Vissia Marie Aldon, city personnel officer, said “using the system

eliminated the possibility of employees making ‘proxy’ time-in or time-out for other

employees”.

According to The head of the Human Resource Development Office (HRDO) also

said 10 standalone fingerprint time recorders initially procured were used for over 3,000

city personnel working in offices within the City Hall complex during the dry run.

Employees were required to sign in and out on a timesheet to serve as back-up in case

the system malfunctioned. And since the test run went without a hitch, the HRDO has
now fully implemented the biometrics attendance system, Aldon said. She also said that

the city government will be purchasing additional fingerprint time recorders so that all 34

offices and departments of the city government, including the University of Makati,

Ospital ng Makati and other agencies outside City Hall, would be served.

“Philippines uses biometrics for welfare payments”, 2013. The Philippines’

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) has announced that a

biometric payment system is being used to ensure cash grants are correctly distributed

to beneficiaries in its Pantawid Pamilya program. The biometric system is now being

used in the province of Maguindanao. As of January 9, 2013, the national program had

3,843,502 household beneficiaries and operates in 1,605 cities and municipalities in 79

provinces in all 17 regions nationwide. The biometric system uses fingerprint recognition

to counter the reports of fraud and misrepresentation.

According to Secretary of Social Welfare and Development, Corazon Juliano-

Soliman, “the system addresses numerous complaints that there are false grant

claimants, tampered IDs and people holding other beneficiaries’ ATM cards”. With the

new system, the identification and giving of grants to the beneficiaries will be more

efficient, the government said. The system immediately displays the photo of the

beneficiary and the amount of cash grant to be received after the biometric

identification.

“Philippines National Police (PNP) deploy NEC finger identification System”,

2015. NEC Corporation announced that NEC Philippines has deployed a new

Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) for the Philippine National Police
(PNP) in Manila in an effort to maintain a database of fingerprint records used for

criminal identification purposes. The new AFIS will enable law enforcement to compare

sets of fingerprints recovered from crime scenes and match them against a database of

known and unknown fingerprints. The system provides three times faster search

capabilities to identify crime suspects when compared to the previous system, along

with five times more storage capacity for storing fingerprint records. Additionally, the

new system will be able to connect with other compatible AFIS locally or abroad, with

export and import capabilities.

According to Agnes A. Gervacio, president of NEC Philippines “through our

research and development efforts, NEC continually pushes the boundaries of innovation

to enhance our biometric technology to benefit our customers, we are glad to work with

the Philippine National Police to implement our “solutions for society” offerings and

contribute towards law enforcement efforts in the Philippines. NEC’s vision is to

contribute towards a society where safe and secure services are provided to people

efficiently and equally, and we look forward to continuing our partnership with the PNP

in their technology advancement.”

Foreign Literature

Carval HR Unity Software (2017). Carval Computing has announced that Cottage

Delight, provider of speciality foods to independent food retailers, has selected Carval’s
HR Unity Payroll solution, Uniwage and Time and Attendance software, Unitend, to

manage working hours and Payroll for over 200 staff. Cottage Delight provides over 700

speciality foods, either made by the company or sourced from artisan producers across

the UK and Europe, to garden centres, farm shops, delicatessens, traditional grocers,

selected department stores, as well as fine food festivals and markets. Since

implementing Carval’s solution, Cottage Delight has seen significant time savings in

Payroll, with the time taken to administer the weekly and monthly payroll reduced from

five days to just 10 hours a month.

According to Gary Bowcock, IT Manager at Cottage Delight said; “Our previous

system was installed over ten years ago, was completely outdated and didn’t meet our

needs today. We needed something completely different. Carval’s HR software does

everything that we wanted. The look and feel is modern and it’s easy and intuitive to

operate. Carval just came up on top.” 

According to John Ovington, Sales and Support Director at Carval said;

“Companies like Cottage Delight that excel in their business field and expand rapidly

often find that their existing HR IT systems can no longer support their operations

effectively. Our integrated HR solutions provide the tools that managers and HR require

to manage and administer complex working hours and Payroll transparently and

accurately. Customer feedback is that having greater flexibility in recording attendance

and visibility for managers is also more motivating for staff.”

Related Study

Local Study
 Michael Indico (2016), conducted a study entitled “Development of Employee

Attendance and Payroll System using Finger Biometrics.” The study focuses on the

design and development of the system for recording the employee’s attendance and

processing of payroll using the fingerprint scanner for teaching and non-teaching staff in

a tertiary institution. The system provides an alternative solution of many companies or

institutions for generating the DTR and payroll of their employees. Also, the system

uses the network to make the features (recording of the attendance, printing the pay

slip, generating of payroll) installed or used by the other departments in the institution.

Jhadie bellere (March 2014), conducted a study entitled “Time and Attendance

System”, the study was focused on how to record the time of employee in a more

accurate and easiest way. The system will be using a barcode reader for fast accessing

of the database of the crew. The study was developing a stand-alone system that

cannot be accessed online and was made only for the employee’s time keeping and a

payroll system for the accounting of the Premium Bee Food Corporation.

Foreign Study

Rao S and Satoa KJ with the same study, uses the biometric technology to

automate the process of taking the attendance of employees in the organizations. The

study aims to develop an accurate, fast and efficient attendance system using the

fingerprint verification technique. The fingerprint verification is done by using extraction

of minutiae techniques.

A study developed by Adeoye, addresses the problems of various schools and

institutions using the biometric technology. The study uses for the students in class
absenteeism and debtor during examinations. The system is programmed to record the

class attendance, and screening of tuition fee payment before and after examination of

the students. In addition, it can also be used to verify whether such students are in debit

to the institution or whether the students have paid the required percentage of the tuition

before being allowed to take the examination. Also, the system eliminates

impersonation during examinations, stress of manual class attendance taking and

record keeping.

Another study conducted by Adewole, uses the biometric technology for solving

the problem of manual attendance. The system employs to calculate attendance of staff

in an organization and do the further calculations of monthly attendance summary in

order to reduce human errors during calculations. The proposed system employs in

curbing the problems of lateness, buddy punching and truancy in any institutions or

organizations.

Further study conducted by Ami-Narh, investigates the impact of the adoption

and usage of biometric time and attendance management systems among the

Ghanaian business community in the Greater Accra Metropolis. The result of the study

indicates that biometric timekeeping technologies are more secured than traditional

timekeeping methods. Moreover, the use of biometric timekeeping technologies has

better effect on organization labor cost as compared with the traditional methods.