Government Polytechnic Washim

Academic year-2021—22
Third semester

Electrical Engineering Department

Micro Project Title :- Prepare a labeled clay model and other

materials of coal fired thermal power plant
Submitted By :-

Roll No Name of candidate Enrollment no.

28 Tushar dilip more 2000310096
29 Vaibhav Sanjay More 2000310097
30 Rahul Shailesh Muktewar 2000310098
Guided by H.O.D
Mangesh Kherde Sir Rahul Patil Sir

Principle
Dr. Balaji Gawalwad
INTRODUCTION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
In a thermal power plant, coal is burnt in a big boiler which produces
steam at high pressure and temperature. This steam is passed
through a steam turbine which converts steam's heat energy into
mechanical energy. ... This is very basic introduction of coal based
thermal power plant.

Information
Coal-fired plants produce electricity by burning coal in a boiler to
produce steam. The steam produced, under tremendous pressure,
flows into a turbine, which spins a generator to create electricity. The
steam is then cooled, condensed back into water and returned to the
boiler to start the process over.
Here’s a real-life example: The Kingston Fossil Plant near Knoxville,
Tenn., burns coal to heat its boilers to about 1,000 degrees
Fahrenheit to create high-pressure steam. The steam is piped to the
turbines at pressures of more than 1,800 pounds per square inch.
The turbines are connected to the generators and spin them at 3,600
revolutions per minute to make alternating current (AC) electricity at
20,000 volts. River water is pumped through tubes in a condenser to
cool and condense the steam coming out of the turbines.

The Kingston plant generates about 10 billion kilowatt-hours a year,

or enough electricity to supply 700,000 homes. To meet this
demand, Kingston burns about 14,000 tons of coal a day, an amount
that would fill 140 railroad cars.
Analysis.

The thermal power plant is based on a simple Rankine cycle; steam is

used as the working fluid, steam generated from saturated liquid
water (feed-water). This saturated steam flows through the turbine,
where its internal energy is con- verted into mechanical work to run
an electricity generating system. Energy analysis helps designers to
find ways to improve the performance of a system in a many way.
Most of the conventional energy losses optimization method are
iterative in nature and require the interpretation of the designer at
each iteration. Typical steady state plant operation conditions were
determined based on available trending data and the resulting
condition of the operation hours. The energy losses from individual
components in the plant is calculated based on these operating
conditions to determine the true system losses. In this, first law of
thermodynamics analysis was performed to evaluate efficiencies and
various energy losses. In addition, variation in the percentage of
carbon in coal content increases the overall efficiency of plant that
shows the economic optimization of plant.
 Coal storage
The huge amount of coal is usually supplied through railways. A
railway siding line is taken into the power station and the coal is.
delivered in the storage yard. The coal is unloaded from the point of
delivery by means of wagon tippler. It is rack and pinion type. The
coal is taken from the unloading site to dead storage by belt
conveyors. The belt deliver the coal to Om level to the pent house
and further moves to transfer point 8.

The transfer points are used to transfer coal to the next belt. The belt
elevates the coal to breaker house. It consists of a rotary machine,
which rotates the coal and separates the light dust from it through
the action of gravity and transfer this dust to reject bin house
through belt.
The belt further elevates the coal to the transfer point 7 and it
reaches the crusher through belt. In the crusher a high-speed 3
phase induction motor is used to crush the coal to a size of 50mm so
as to be suitable for milling system. Coal rises from crusher house
and reaches the dead storage by passing through transfer point 8.

Boiler
Boiler in thermal power plant accumulates the steam and build up a
pressure to expend it in turbine and convert thermal energy to
mechanical energy. The generator which is connected to turbine
converts the mechanical energy into electric energy.
 Superheater
A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet
steam into superheated steam or dry steam. Superheated steam is
used in steam turbines for electricity generation, steam engines, and
in processes such as steam reforming. There are three types of
superheaters: radiant, convection, and separately fired. A
superheater can vary in size from a few tens of feet to several
hundred feet (a few metres to some hundred metres).
 Turbine
The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its
improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple
stages in the expansion of the steam, which results in a closer
approach to the ideal reversible expansion process. Because the
turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly suited to be used to
drive an electrical generator—about 85% of all electricity generation
in the United States in the year 2014 was by use of steam
turbines.[3] A steam turbine connected to an electric generator is
called a turbo generator.
 Alternator
alternator, Source of direct electric current in modern vehicles for
ignition, lights, fans, and other uses. The electric power is generated
by an alternator mechanically coupled to the engine, with a rotor
field coil supplied with current through slip rings, and a stator with a
three-phase winding. A rectifier converts the power from alternating
to direct form. A regulator ensures that the output voltage is
properly matched to the battery voltage as engine speed varies. An
inductor alternator is a special kind of synchronous generator in
which both the field and the output winding are on the stator.
 Cooling tower
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to
the atmosphere through the cooling of a coolant stream, usually a
water stream to a lower temperature.

Chimney
In a thermal power station the chimney forms a very important
subject of design and utility. These chimneys are some times known
as stacks. They are always vertical to ensure the hot gases flow
smoothly. ... Generally in large units (110 MW or more) of power
stations two boilers are connected to one chimney.

Ash storage handling plant

Around 80 % of ash generated in thermal power plant is fly ash. It is
in form of very fine particles which is collected via economiser
hopper, air-preheater hopper and electrostatic precipitator (ESP).
Ash handling plant or ash handling system in thermal power plant
are used to cooled down the ash to manageable temperature,
transferred to a disposal area or storage which is further utilized in
other industries. Fly ash is captured and removed from the flue gases
by economiser, air-preheater and electrostatic precipitator (ESP)
located at the outlet of the furnace and before the induced draft.
The fly ash is pneumatically transported from collection hopper of
economiser, air preheater and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to
storage silo for subsequent transport by trucks.