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Human Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index that combines life expectancy,
education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entry into the
education system), and per capita income indicators to classify countries into four levels of human
development. The HDI is higher when a country's lifespan, education level, and GNP (PPP) per capita are
all higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and is currently used by the United
Nations Development Program's Human Development Report Office to measure a country's development.
An Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index was created in the 2010 Human Development Report
(IHDI). While the basic HDI remains valid, it was claimed that "the IHDI represents the actual level of
human development (accounting for inequality), whereas the HDI may be considered as an index of
'potential' human development (or the highest level of HDI) that might be reached if there was no
disparity."

Dimensions and Indicators of Human Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a metric that measures important characteristics of human
development. The three most significant aspects are as follows:

1. Long and healthy life

The dimension of a long and healthy life is calculated using life expectancy at birth. The life expectancy
at birth is a statistical estimate of how long an average individual will live based on demographic
information such as birth year and current age.

2. Education
Education is the HDI's second dimension. Education metrics include projected years of schooling and
mean years of schooling. According to the United Nations, the average maximum number of school years
is 18 years, whereas the average maximum number of school years is 15 years.

3. Standard of living
The gross national income (GNI) per capita is a typical metric for measuring standard of life. The GNP
measures a country's entire domestic and foreign output created by its people.
The main indicators used to develop HDI are:

Level of Human Rights

The degree of human rights is thought to be a barometer of human growth. Currently, its scope has been
continuously enlarged by international human rights treaties, and its character has been roughly defined.
It is currently being developed and upgraded. People can completely use their rights if human growth is
great.

Fulfilment of Basic Needs

Today, no one can live freely until their fundamental necessities are met. The fulfilment of essential
necessities is one of the primary obligations that human development index authorities evaluate. In order
of importance, the most fundamental essentials are a house, food, and clothing.
Human Development Index of Pakistan
According to a UNDP report, Pakistan has dropped seven spots in the Human Development Index (HDI),
ranking 161 out of 192 countries in 2021-2022. The human development index in Pakistan is 0.558.

How we can improve HDI in the Pakistan

We can improve human development index of Pakistan by performing following tasks
1. To strengthen and enhance Pakistan's development framework in an equitable manner. The first
and most crucial thing to consider is improved governance structure and addressing policy
implementation obstacles. When examining the education sector, an assessment should be made
of the number of new school enrollments in proportion to the number of kids migrating from
private to public school. This step will help identify gaps in education policy and execution.
2. In terms of social safety net programs, the Ehsaas program, which is still in its early stages, has to
combine another program within itself and have a consistent implementation structure
throughout. To that purpose, implementing partners should be locals with comprehensive
knowledge of the implementation location and the ability to ensure their presence after
implementation to ensure monitoring and evaluation.
3. To improve the development framework and the health system, which are now deficient. Change
within the health system can take the form of not just increased access to health care, which is
hampered by the distance between customers and services. To that purpose, the distance between
services and clients must be reduced, as must the expense of health care in terms of routine health
exams, significant surgeries, and other treatments. This will help to reduce health inequities.
4. Education services should be uniform across the board, regardless of degree of education, to
improve Pakistan's growth framework and general human development paradigm. As a result, the
emphasis should be on increasing teacher capacity, increasing teacher numbers, increasing school
space, particularly at the primary level, and decreasing the distance between school and student.
To increase Pakistan's development framework, the governance structure must be upgraded, which may
include policy revisions and system improvements. Second, while constructing any social safety net
program, a localization approach must be employed, as well as continuous monitoring and the
implementation of a standard health and educational system.