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Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 – Module 8:
Series
Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Series
First Edition, 2020

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over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Mariel Villanueva
Editors: Venus P. Enumerables
Reviewers: Reynaldo C. Tagala
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Maylene F. Grigana
Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Name of Schools Division Superintendent
Name of Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Jade T. Palomar – REPS, Mathematics
Donna S. Panes – Chief, CID
Elizabeth G. Torres – EPS, LRMS
Judith B. Alba – EPS, ADM
Reynaldo C. Tagala – EPS, Mathematics

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Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph
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Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 – Module 8:
Series
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Grade 11 Pre-Calculus Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Series!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and
private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards
set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at
their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century
skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to
keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore,
you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:
Welcome to the Grade 11 Pre-Calculus Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Series!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action
and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning
resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the
learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct
(100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to

you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or
a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson.

This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a
separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
illustrating Series. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module consists of one lesson. It presents the lesson in this outline:
1. Sequence and Series
2. Different types of sequence and Series
3. Difference between sequence and series

Lesson 1 - Differentiating a Series from a Sequence

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Differentiate a series and a sequence
2. Determine the types of sequence / series

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 What I Know

Find how much you already know about the topic in this module. Take note of the items that
you were not able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this module.

Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

1. What do you call the ordered list of numbers whose range is the set of real numbers?
A. Series
B. Sequence
C. Order
D. Integers

2. It represents the sum of the terms of a sequence

A. Series
B. Total
C. Summation
D. Sigma Notation

For items 3 to 10, refer to the choices below:

A. Arithmetic Sequence
B. Geometric Sequence
C. Fibonacci Sequence
D. Harmonic Sequence

3. A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the
precceding term by a constant
4. The sequence defined by an = anth + anth for n ≤ 3 where ah = ah = h
5. A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by adding the a constant to
the precceding term

h
6. A sequence with the term b = n form from the nth of an arithmetic
an

sequence an

7. 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,...

8. 179, 173, 167, 161, 155, 149, 143, ...

9. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, ...

10. h , h , h , h , h , h ,...
h 4 8 ht hh h4

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11. In the arithmetic sequence  4,1,2,... what term is 20?
A. 11th
B. 10th
C. 9th
D. 8th

12. Determine the common ratio of the sequence  3,6,12,24,...

A. 3
B. 2
C. – 2
D. – 3

13. Find the 5th term and the 8th term of the geometric sequence 1,2,4,8,...
A. 19 and 48
B. 16 and 128
C. 13 and 34
D. 8 and 64

14. It was observed that a boy continually grows up to age 25. Consider the growth of Marlon
below.

Age(years) 15 16 17 18
Height(cm) 170 172 174 176

If the pattern continues, how tall is Marlon at age 25?

A. 186
B. 188
C. 190
D. 192

15. Refer to the situatiion below:

Aida started saving P 10.00 in January and each month thereafter she saved twice the
amount of what she saved the previous month.

How much did she save at the end of the 6th month?
A. 160
B. 320
C. 630
D. 1280

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 Lesson
Differentiating a Series from
1 a Sequence

What’s In

For this module, you need to review on the definitions of sequence and series.

A sequence is a function whose domain is the set of positive

integers or the set h, h, 3, …,n

A series represents the sum of the terms of a sequence.

If a sequence is finite, we will refer to the sum of the terms of

the sequence as the series associated with the sequence. If the
sequence has infinitely many terms, the sum is defined more precisely
in calculus.

What’s New

Activity 2.1 The Hidden Phrase

Find the missing term of the following sequences. Write the letter code on
the box that corresponds to that missing term. Follow the instruction that it
reveals for you to figure out the phrase.
C D E
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 12, 6, 0, – 6, – 12,

H I L
h h h h h h h h h
h, , , , , – 35,– 28,– 21, –14,–7,
3 9 8h 3 , 6, , 9 , hh
, h㠖

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 O R S
1,1,2,3,5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6,

T U V
h h 3 㠖 64
10000, 1000, 100,10,1, , , ,h , , ,h6 , hh ,9, ,
4 h 4 4 3 4
Y
3h, h6, 8, 4, h,

11 32 8 5 5 8 3 h
h ht

– 18 8h – 18 32 1 h h 0 32 h
h6 ht h43 h

h – 18 h h – 18 32
h8 ht ht

S E T Q U X E N V C E U A N P
D S V E R I I E C S

Phrase:

What is It

Differentiating a Series from a Sequence

A sequence is a list of numbers (separated by commas), while a series is a sum of numbers
(separated by “+” or “ – ” sign).

As an illustration, h, t h , h , t h
is a sequence, and h t h + h t h = is its

h 3 4 h 3 4 hh
associated series.

The sequence with nth term an is usually denoted by an , and the

associated
series is given by
S = ah + ah + a3 + … + an

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Example 2.1.1 Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence, and give their associated
series.

1. htn
2. h + hn + 3nh
3. t hn
4. h+h+3+…+n

Solution . We denote the nth term of a sequence by an and S = ah + ah + a3 + a4 + a 㠖

1. an = h t n
First five terms: ah =
h t h = h ah = h t
h = t a3 = h t 3
=t h a4 = h t 4 =t
h a㠖 = h t 㠖 =t 3
Associated Series
S = ah + ah + a3 + a4 + a㠖S = h
+tt ht ht 3
S =t 㠖
2. an = h + hn + 3nh
First five terms:
ah = h + h hh + 3 h h = h + h + 3 h = 6 ah = h
+ h hh + 3 h = h + 4 + 3 4 = 3=h+h3+
3 3 = h + 6 + 3 9h = 34
a4 = h +h h 4 + 3 4 = h + 8 + 3(h6 䇅 = 㠖 a㠖 = h +
h 㠖 + 3 㠖 = h + ht + 3(h㠖䇅= 86

Associated Series
S = ah + ah + a3 + a4 + a 㠖S = 6
+ h + 34 + 㠖 + 86
S = htt
3. an = t h n
First five terms:
ah = t hh h =t h ah
= 3t h = h a3 = t4
h =t h a4 =㠖 =tth
= h a 㠖= t h h
Associated Series
S = ah + ah + a3 + a4 + a㠖S =t
h+ht h+ht h
S =t h

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 4. an = h + h + 3 + … + n
First five terms:
ah = h
ah = h + h = 3
a3 = h + h + 3 = 6
a4 = h + h + 3 + 4 = ht
a㠖 = h + h + 3 + 4 + 㠖 = h㠖
Associated Series
S = ah + ah + a3 + a4 + a㠖S = h
+ 3 + 6 + ht + h㠖
S = 3㠖

The sequence an , defined by an = anth + anth for n ≤ 3 where ah = ah = h , is

called a Fibonacci Sequence. Its terms are 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,...

An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first is

obtained by adding a constant (called the common difference) to the preceding term.

If the nth term of an arithmetic sequence is an and the common difference is

d, then
an = ah + n t h d
The associated arithmetic series with n terms is given by
n ah + an n hah + n t h d
n
S= =
h h

A geometric sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first is

obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a constant (called the common ratio).

then If the nth term of an arithmetic sequence is an and the common ratio is r,
an = ahrnth
The associated geometic series with n terms is given by
if r = h
n
Sn = ah h r if r G h

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 When t h € r € h, the infinite geometric series ah + ahr + ahrh + … + ahrnth + …
has a sum, and is given by
ah
S = t rh

If an is an arithmetic sequence, then the sequence with nth

h
term bn = is a harmonic sequence.

More Solved Problems

1. How many terms are there in an arithmetic sequence with first term 5, common
difference – 3, and last term – 76?

Solution: ah = 㠖 d =t 3
an =t n= ?

an = ah + n t h d
t 6 = 㠖 + n t h ( t 3䇅t
6 = 㠖 t 3n + 3
3n = 6 + 㠖 + 3
3n = 84
n = h8

2. List the first three terms of the arithmetic sequence if the 25 th term is 35 and the 30th term
is 5.
Solution: ah㠖 = 3㠖 a3t = 㠖
ah = ? ah = ?
a3 = ?
an = ah + n t h d
For ah㠖 = 3㠖
ah㠖 = ah + h㠖 t h d 3㠖
= ah + h4d
For a3t = 㠖
a3t = ah + 3t t h d 㠖 =
ah + h9d
Subtract the two equations to eliminate ah 3 㠖 = ah
+ h4d
㠖= ah + h9d 3t
=t 㠖d

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 t 6 = d or d =t 6
Solve for ah using any of the equations.
3㠖= ah + h4d
3㠖 = ah + h4( t 6䇅3㠖
= ah t h44
3㠖 + h44 =ah
h or ah
The first three terms are 179, 173, 167

3. Find the sum of all positive three-digit odd integers.

Solution: Sn = ? ah = hth
an = 999 d=h
First, we need to know how many three-digit odd integers are there from 101
to 999
an = ah + n t h d
999 = hth + n t h (h䇅999
= hth + hn t h 999 t hth
+ h = hn 9tt = hn
4㠖t = n
n ah + an
S= h
n
4 㠖 hth + 999
S 4㠖 = h
4㠖 hhtt = 4㠖 hhtt =
49㠖ttt
S4㠖 = h h h

S4㠖 = h4 㠖tt
4. The 7th term of a geometric sequence is – 6 and the 10th term is 162. Find the 5th term.
Solution: a =t 6 aht = h6h a
㠖 =?

For a ,
an = ahrnth a
= a6h r th t 6 =
ahr
t6
r6 = a
h

For aht,
an = ahrnth a
ht
= a9hrhtth h6h =
ahr
h6h
r9 = a
h

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 Solve for r
ah = ah
t6 h6h
r6 = r 9
r9 h6h
r6 = t6
r3 =t r
=t 3

Solve for ah
t6
r6
= ah
t 6 = ah
( t 3䇅6
t6 th
= ah or ah =
h43

Solve for a㠖
an = ahrnth
th h43 ( t 3䇅㠖th
a 㠖= th
a㠖 = h43 ( t 3 䇅4
a 㠖=
th h43 (8h䇅
th6h th
a 㠖= or a 㠖 =
h43 3

5. Insert three numbers (called geometric means) between 6 and 3h , so that

the five numbers form a geometric sequence.

Solution: ah = 6 a 㠖 =3h
n=㠖
an = ahrnth a
= 6r㠖th
3h

= 6r4
3h 4 h6
h6h = r r4 = 8h
or
r =± h
3
One possible set of three numbers is 4, 8 , h6. The other is t 4, 8 , t h6

3 9 3 9

6. A ball dropped from the top of a building 180m high always rebound ¾ the distance it has
fallen. How far (up and down) will the ball have traveled when it hits the ground for the 6 th
time?
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Solution: ah = h8t r= 4
n=6 Sn = ?

Sn = ah h rn

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 3 6
ht
h8t 4

S6 = 3
ht
4

S6 = 㠖 9h.86

The ball traveled h 㠖9h.86 t h8t = htt3. h meters

What’s More

Activity 2.2 Something Special

This number is special. This is the only number in English whose letters appear in alphabetical
order. The negative of this number is the only temperature that is the same in both Fahrenheit and
Celsius. What number is this?
To answer this problem, complete the table below by writing the first five terms of each
defined sequence and by finding their associated series. The grand total is the answer.
Defined sequence First five terms Associated Series

-2, -5, -8, -11, -14 -40

h t 3n

-2, 4, -8, 16, -32 - 22

t hn

h t n + hnh 2, 7, 16, 29, 46 100

t ht hn 2,-2,2,-2,2 2

GRAND TOTAL

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 2.3 Remember Me This Way

Identify the word(s) or phase being described in each statements.

1. It is a sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by adding a constant
2. It is a list of numbers separated by commas
3. It is a sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the preceding term
by a constant
4. It is the sum of numbers separated by “+” or “ – ” sign
5. It is a sequence with nth term b = h n from an arithmetic sequence a
an n

6. It is a function whose domain is the set of positive integers or the set

h, h, 3, …,n
7. It is a sequence an , defined by an = anth + anth for n ≤ 3 where ah = ah = h
8. It represents the sum of the terms of a sequence.

What I Can Do

Activity 2.4 You Can Do It.

Read each problems carefully and answer the questions that follow.
1. Marcus has started an exercise program. The first day he worked out for 30 minutes. Each
day for the next six days, he increased his time by 5 minutes.
a. Write the sequence for the number of minutes that Marcus worked out for each of
the seven days.
b. How many minutes did Marcus work out in all for the seven days?

2. Jelian wants to increase her vocabulary. On Monday, she learned the meanings of 2 new
words. Each other day that week, she learned twice the numbers of words she learned the
previous day.
a. Write a sequence for the number of new words that Jelian learned each day for a
week.
b. How many words did Jelian learn for the week?

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 Assessment

A. Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence, and give their associated
series.
1. 3n + h
2. nh t h

B. Solve the following

1. Find the 5th term of an arithmetic sequence whose 3rd term is 35 and whose
10th term is 77.
2. Suppose that the fourth term of a geometric sequence is
h 8
9 and the 6th term is . Find
8h the first term and the common
ratio.

Additional Activities

Activity 2.5 You Can Handle This

Determine the first five terms of each defined sequence, and give their associated series.
1. an = anth + h , ah = 㠖
2. an+h = 3an , ah = h

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Answer Key

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References
1. Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) (2016)
Pre-Calculus Learner’s Material. Lexicon Press Inc., Philippines

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary
objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based
on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material
to be used by all learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0.
We highly encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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