Quaid -E- Awam University of Engineering, Science and

Technology Nawabshah

# 12

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Department of Computer Systems Engineering

Thumb architecture
ARM states

• Thumb encodes a subset of the 32-bit ARM

instructions into a 16-bit instruction set space.

• Implements 16-bit instruction on 32-bit architecture

• Thumb has higher performance than ARM on a

processor with a 16-bit data bus, but lower
performance than ARM on a 32-bit data bus.
ARM states

• A processor in ARM state cannot execute Thumb

instruction, and a processor in Thumb state cannot
execute ARM instruction.
• Processor never receives instruction of the wrong
instruction set for the current state.
Thumb register
Thumb state

To call a Thumb routine from an ARM routine,

the core has to change state. This state change
is shown in theT bit of the cpsr . The BX and
BLX branch instructions cause a switch
between ARM and Thumb state while
branching to a routine. The BX lr instruction
returns from a routine, also with a state switch if
necessary.
Data processing instructions
Load /store instructions
Load / store instruction
Logical instructions
Logical instructions
Shift Register
Shift Register
Add/ Subtract Instructions
Add / Subtract Instructions
Conditional Instructions
Conditional Instructions
Conditional instructions
Unconditional Instruction
Allah Hafiz