D.Y.

Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION MUMBAI

A
PROJECT REPORT ON

“Design Of Bolted Connections”

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. Arjun Patil

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING.

D.Y. PATIL POLYTECHNIC, KASABA

BAWADA, KOLHAPUR
SEMESTER - V
YEAR: - 2022-23

SUBMITTED BY: -

1. SHANTANU ATUL POWAR ROLL NO: 3421

2. RAJ SANJAY CHAVAN ROLL NO: 3409

3. VINAYAK BHARAT PATIL ROLL NO: 3425

D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

Certificate of Completion

This is to certify that Mr. Shantanu Atul Powar Roll No 3421 of 5th Semester of diploma

in CIVIL ENGINEERING, of Institute Dr. D.Y. Patil Polytechnic (Code: 0539) has

completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject - Design Of Steel And RCC

Structure (22502) for the academic year 2022 to 2023 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: - KOLHAPUR
Enrolment No: - …………………………….

Date: -
Exam. Seat No: -................................

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Success and fine outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from

many people and I am extremely privileged to have got all along the completion of our project. All

that we have done is only due to supervision and assistanceand I would not forget to thank them.

I owe my deep gratitude to our project guide Mr. Arjun Patil Who took keen

interest in our project work and guided us all along, till the completion of our project work by

providing all the necessary information for developing a good system.

I am thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, support and guidance

from all teaching staff of Design Of Steel And RCC Structure which help us in

successfully completing our project work.

Date: -

Place: -Kolhapur
D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

Index

Ch. Title Page

no. no.

1 Introduction 5

2 Types of Bolts 6-8

3 Failure of bolted joints 9-11

4 Design strength of bolt 12-14

5 Conclusion 15
6 Reference 16
D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

INTRODUCTION

A bolt is a metal pin with a head formed at one end and shank threaded at the other in order to

receive a nut. On the basis of load transfer in the connection bolts are classified as: (a) Bearing Type

(b) Friction Grip Type There are two types of bearing type bolts, namely, (i) Unfinished or Black Bolts.

(ii) Finished or Turned Bolts. The shanks of black bolts are unfinished, i.e., rough as obtained at the

time of rolling, while turned bolts are obtained by turning hexagonal shank to circular shape. The bolt

hole diameter is only 1.5 mm larger than that of the shank in case of turned bolt. These bolts are used

in special jobs like connecting machine parts subject to dynamic loadings. For black bolts, diameter of

bolt hole is larger and are used in most of the work. A black bolt is represented as M16, M20, etc.

which means black bolt of nominal diameter 16 mm, black bolt of nominal diameter 20 mm.

1. Pitch of the Bolts (p): It is the center-to-center spacing of the bolts in a row, measured along the

direction of load.

2. Gauge Distance (g): It is the distance between the two consecutive bolts of adjacent rows and is

measured at right angles to the direction of load.

Edge Distance (e): It is the distance of bolt hole from the adjacent edge of the plate

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

TYPES OF BOLTS

1. Black bolt

 Black bolts are made from mild steel rods with a square or hexagonal head

and nut.

 Black bolts are ordinary, rough unfinished and commonly used bolts.

 They are least expensive bolts.

 They are mainly used for light structure and not recommended for

connections subjected to impact, fatigue or dynamic

 Advantages of black bolts

 It requires simple tools and unskilled labour.

 No specialized equipment is required.

 Minor discrepancies in dimensions get eliminated.

 It is noiseless.

 As soon as the bolt are tightened the connection starts supporting load.

 Progress of work is fast.

 It is easy to dismantle and reuse the materials.

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

Black bolt

2. High strength bolts

 These bolts are also called as friction grip bolts.

 High strength bolts are made from the medium carbon steel. The bolts of

property class 8.8 and 10.9 are commonly used in steel construction.

 The bolts with induced initial tension are called High Strength bolts. In high

strength bolts initial pretension in bolt develops clamping force at the

interface of elements being jointed.

 High strength bolts have replaced rivets and are being used in structures, such

as high-rise building, bridges, machines.

 Advantages of HFSG Bolts

 It does not allow slip between the connection members.

 Loads are transferred by friction only.

 Due to high strength a smaller number of bolts are required, with the

resultthat size of the gusset plate get reduced.

 There are no stress connections in the holes.

 There is no noise pollution.

 Deformation is minimized.

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

HSFC BOLT

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

Failure of bolted joints

 The bolted joint may fail in one of the following modes

i) Shear failure mode - Shear failure or bolt or tearing

ii) Tensile failure mode - Tensile failure of bolt or bearing failure of plate

iii) Bearing failure mode - Bearing failure of bolt or bearing failure of plate

A] Shear failure of bolt – Shear stress are generated when the plates slips due to applied forces.

The maximum factored shear force in the bolt may exceed the nominal shear capacity of the bolt. The

shear failure of the bolt take place at the bolt shear plane, the bolt may fail in single or double shear.

B] Shear failure of plate - When the strength of the plate is less than the shearing strength of

bolt, the tearing failure of plate may occur. To avoid this type of failure minimum edge distanceshall

be provided.

Shear failure in bolt

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

2) A) Tension failure of bolt – The bolt subjected to tensile force fail if factored tensile force is

greater than the tensile capacity of the bolt. The tensile capacity depends upon tensile strength

of the bolt and minimum cross-sectional area of the threaded length of the bolt and minimum

cross-sectional area of the threaded length of the bolt.

B) Tension or tearing failure of plate – Tearing failure occurs when the bolts are stronger than

the plate’s tension on the both the gross area and net effective area must be considered.

Tensile failure in bolt

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

3) A) Bearing failure of bolt – Normally the bolt material is of much higher strength than that of

steel plate through which the bolts passes. As a result bearing failure takes place in the plate

material. The bolt may deform due to high local bearing stresses between the bolt and theplate.

B) Bearing failure of plate – When an ordinary bolt is subjected to shear force. The slip takes

place and bolt comes in contact with the plate, the plate may get crushed, if the plate material is

weaker than the bolt material. The bearing problems can be complicated by the presence of a

nearby bolt or the proximity of an edge in the direction of load.

Bearing failure in bolt

Bearing failure in plate

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

Design strength of bolt

Bolt in shear

The nominal shear strength of the bolt is given by –

Vnsb = fu /√𝟑 (nnAnb + nsAsb)

Where,

Asb = Nominal plane shank area of the bolt

Anb = Net shear area of bolt at threads, may be taken as the area of

corresponding to root diameter at thread

fu = Ultimate tensile strength of a bolt

nn = Number of shear planes with threads intercepting the shear plane

ns = Number of shear planes without threads intercepting shear plane

Design shear strength of bolt is

Vdsb = Vnsb/ꝩ mb = [fu /√3 (nnAnb + nsAsb)]/ 1.25\

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

Bolt in tension

Nominal tensile strength of bolt is given by

Tntb = 0.9fub An < fyb Asb (ꝩ mb /ꝩ mo)

Where,

An = Net tensile area as specified by IS: 1367

Asb = Shank area of the bolt

fub = Ultimate tensile stress of the bolt

fyb = Yield stress of bolt

Factor tensile force

Tb < Tntb/ꝩ mb

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

Bolt in bearing

Design bearing strength of bolt on any plate is given by:

Vdpb = Vnpb/ꝩ mb

Nominal bearing strength of bolt on any plate is given by,

Vnpb = 2.5kbdtpfu

In design kb is nominally taken equal to unity

Thus, Design bearing strength of bolt on any plate

Vdpb = Vnpb/ꝩ mb = 2.5kbdtpfu /1.25

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

CONCLUSION

In this project we have well explained about bolted connection used in construction of steel structure.

Through this project we have learned that how design of bolted connection is done. Hence, we conclude

that this project has helped us to understand the complete scenario of engineering. Hence, we have

achieved the related CO’S

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

REFERENCES

1. https://www.me.iitb.ac.in/~ramesh/courses/ME423/Bolts.pdf

2.https://www.egr.msu.edu/~harichan/classes/ce405/chap5.pdf

3. https://engineeringlibrary.org/reference/bolted-joint-design-analysis-sandia'

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

REFERENCES

1.https://www.me.iitb.ac.in/~ramesh/courses/ME423/Bolts.pdf

2.https://www.egr.msu.edu/~harichan/classes/ce405/chap5.pdf

3. https://engineeringlibrary.org/reference/bolted-joint-design-analysis-sandia

BOOKS –

Design of steel and R.C.C structure by- R.R. GADPAL D.J. KHAMKAR R.B. NARAHARI

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D.Y. Patil Polytechnic Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur

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