A brief introduction to the topic that you're investigating.

Explanation of why the topic is important in your field/s.

Statement about what the gap is in the research.
Your research question/s / aim/s.
An indication of your research methods and approach.

One of the most prominent problems in water distribution networks is leakage

detection.
Leakages in the water distribution network (WDNs) results in losses of the most
valuable
resource: clean drinking water. There are many methods to detect leakages in the
system, but
they have their drawbacks. One of the recently emerging and promising method for
leakage
detection is Inverse Transient Analysis (ITA). The inverse transient analysis
applies the inverse
methods in transient analysis of the system. However, this method is still at the
research stage
and is constrained to be used in engineering applications. This study aims at
defining this gap
between the theoretical level and engineering applications. This thesis will be
investigated by
simulating various synthetic networks by creating transient events and applying the
ITA
method. The ITA will be applied using optimization codes and solving basic water
hammer
equations in the python programming language. The Python coding will also include
the
implications of a water hammer damping mechanism to determine the best-fitted use
of the ITA
method. The synthetic networks will be developed using EPAnet software whereas the
simulations will be operated on TSnet. EPAnet is modeling software for the water
distribution
network and is used around the world. TSnet is a python package designed to perform
transient
simulations in water distribution networks. Both the applications used in this
thesis are open
source and freely available. The results produced by this modeling simulation will
be evaluated
and attempts will be made to achieve research goals.

The results expected from the above experiments might provide a more efficient
system with better accuracy and less computation effort. Which could be used in
small scale networks. This can reduce water losses in developing country as they
lack the infrastructure to detect and locate leaks. Improving the Financial
conditions of the utility and provide safer water to their customers. Water is the
most precious and used entity on this planet. However, only 1% of water is
considered as a freshwater reserve that is fit for drinking. Loss of this resource
from the distribution system during supply has become a serious issue over the past
few decades. Various studies have been carried out to understand the importance of
leak detection. Steady-state leakage detection uses pressures and flows as primary
parameters to detect leaks and other parameters in a network. Over the past few
decades, the steady-state analysis for leakage detection had been a promising
method with better efficiency but less accuracy. However, the recently introduced
Inverse Transient Analysis has been more promising with better accuracy but with
less efficiency.

This study aims to understand the different method and use it in a simple network
to analyse the behaviour of accuracy and efficiency. Also, to understand how this
method can be used practically in a real network. Both these methods are stimulated
for a simple network by implying transient situations in a network and using an
optimization code in python language. This tool will find leakages using an inverse
wave generated in the EPANET network and stimulated in python. TSNet is a python
package designed for performing transient simulation in the water distribution
network. Both tools are open source. The results from the model will be analysed to
check with the predefined research goals.

The results expected from the above experiments might provide a more efficient
system with better accuracy and less computation effort. Which could be used in
small-scale networks. This can reduce water losses in developing countries as they
lack the infrastructure to detect and locate leaks. Improving the Financial
conditions of the utility and provide safer water to their customers.

Clean water is an essential need for human survival.

Lack of clean water is one of the most difficult things to handle, especially for
developing countries.
This problem could be due to a lack of water resources, pollution and high water
loss in the water distribution system.
High water loss can affect water quality, distribution network performance, and the
company's economic conditions.
Water loss in transmission pipelines can be caused by leakage, metering issues,
public consumption and theft.
Leakage is identified as the unintentional loss of water from the distribution
network.
It can range from drip to break, while a break is a large opening caused by high
internal pressure.
Most leakage control methods in developing countries are passive, repairing only
noticeable leaks or conducting regular network examinations with acoustic or other
hardware-based methods.
Other hydraulic modeling methods are still in the scope of scientific study,and
their application to real-world applications is not yet standard.
Most analyses in pipe networks have been done using steady state.
Steady state analysis requires excellent accuracy od the friction factor.
Using unsteady analysis, calibration detection accuracy improves and at the same
time continuous monitoring can be updated while continually checking for leaks and
breaks.
Transient-based methods are beneficial for diagnosing, monitoring, and controlling
existing water supply system, not only to detect leaks but also to better
understand the causes of pipe breaks and accidents that mainly caused by natural
transient event.
Using the ITA is shows as a more successful method to detcet and locate the leak.

The current research aims at the experimental investigation of transient model-

based
techniques for leak detection and calibration of water pipe systems using physical
data
collected
Further field testing is required to assess the effectiveness of
these techniques in systems with multiple uncertainties in the physical
characteristics and collected data