NAME: AHMAD HASSAN

SECTION: A
CMS ID: 345975

LAB NO 09
TITLE:
To find the time response of control system using the MATLAB.

OBJECTIVES:
 To learn how to find the step and impulse time response of first order and second
order system.
 To learn how to find characteristics of time response i.e. rise time, peak time, settling
time, percentage overshoot using MATLAB.
 To characterize the undamped, critically damped, and over-damped response of
second order

SOFTWARE USED:SYSTEM.
1. MATLAB.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND:
INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB:
MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates
computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use environment where
problems and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation. The name
MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. MATLAB was originally written to provide easy
access to matrix.
CONTROL SYSTEM:
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices
or systems using control loops.
STEP INPUT:
A step input signal has an initial value of 0 and transitions to a specified step size value
after a specified step time.
IMPULSE INPUT:
An impulse input is a very high pulse applied to a system over a very short time (i.e., it is
not maintained). That is, the magnitude of the input approaches infinity while the time
approaches zero.
 NAME: AHMAD HASSAN
SECTION: A
CMS ID: 345975

CRITICALLY DAMPED SYSTEM:

This means that the actual damping coefficient is equal to (or very nearly equal to) the
critical damping coefficient. In this case, the system will return to the ideal state more
quickly than the overdamped system but will not overshoot that ideal state as the
underdamped system will do.
UNDER-DAMPED SYSTEM:
An underdamped system will oscillate through the equilibrium position. An overdamped
system moves more slowly toward equilibrium than one that is critically damped.
OVER-DAMPED SYSTEM:
An overdamped system exhibits no overshoot and a sluggish response. An overdamped
system exhibits no overshoot and a sluggish response.

RISE TIME:
Rise time as the time it takes to get from 10% to 90% of steady-state value (of a step
response).
PEAK TIME:
Peak time is simply the time required by response to reach its first peak i.e. the peak of
first cycle of oscillation, or first overshoot.
 NAME: AHMAD HASSAN
SECTION: A
CMS ID: 345975

SETTING TIME:
Settling time is the time required for an output to reach and remain within a given error
band following some input stimulus.
PERCENTAGE OVERSHOOT:
The overshoot is the maximum amount by which the response overshoots the steady-
state value and is thus the amplitude of the first peak.

PARACTICE EXERCISES:
EXERCISE NO 01:
Find the step and impulse time response of following second order systems. Show the
characteristics of time response i-e peak time, rise time etc.
 NAME: AHMAD HASSAN
SECTION: A
CMS ID: 345975

PART A
CODE: OUTPUT:
clc
T_1 = tf([0 0 7],[1 5 10])
% ploting step input
subplot(1,2,1)
step(T_1);
legend
% ploting impulse input
subplot(1,2,2)
impulse(T_1);
legend

PART B

CODE: OUTPUT:
clc

% Defining transfer function

s=tf('s');
T_1 = 15/((s+10)*(s+11))

% Step function
subplot(1,2,1)
step(T_1);
legend

% Impulse function
subplot(1,2,2)
impulse(T_1);
legend
 NAME: AHMAD HASSAN
SECTION: A
CMS ID: 345975

EXERCISE NO 02:
Find the step response of following second order systems. Show the characteristics of time
response i-e peak time, rise time etc. Characterized the following systems response as
critically damped, under-damped, or over-damped.
 NAME: AHMAD HASSAN
SECTION: A
CMS ID: 345975

PART A

CODE:
clc

% Defining transfer function

T_1 = tf([0 0 400],[1 12 400])

% Step input
step(h_1);
legend

OUTPUT:

 The system is under damped.

 NAME: AHMAD HASSAN
SECTION: A
CMS ID: 345975

PART B

CODE:
clc

% Defining transfer function

T_1 = tf([0 0 900],[1 90 900])

% Step function
step(T_1);
legend

 The system is critically damped.

 NAME: AHMAD HASSAN
SECTION: A
CMS ID: 345975

PART C

CODE: OUTPUT
clc
% Defining transfer function
T_1 = tf([0 0 225],[1 30 225])

% Step function
step(T_1);
legend

 The system is over-damped.

 NAME: AHMAD HASSAN
SECTION: A
CMS ID: 345975

PART D

CODE OUTPUT
clc

% Defining transfer function

T_1 = tf([0 0 625],[1 0 625])

% Step function
step(T_1);
legend

 This system is undamped.

 NAME: AHMAD HASSAN
SECTION: A
CMS ID: 345975

CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION:

In this lab, we learned how to find and display step and impulse time response of different
systems using MATLAB. We learned about displaying characteristics of time response in graphs, such
as rise time, peak time, settling time, transient time steady state etc. Based on result obtained, we
characterized the undamped, critically damped, and over-damped response of second order. Each
graph of exercise 2 has been characterized as one of the above-mentioned damping conditions. For
the points which are coincident, only one of them has been displayed.