Electrical Enginering Communication Systems UET Taxila

PROJECT REPORT

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

AMPLITUDE MODULATION AND DEMODULATION

SUBMITTED TO:

MA’AM ZAINAB

SUBMITTED BY:

Department Of Electrical Engineering, UET Taxila

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Electrical Enginering Communication Systems UET Taxila

Contents

Introduction:............................................................................................................................................ 3

Description: ............................................................................................................................................. 3

Components: ........................................................................................................................................... 4

Circuit Diagram ...................................................................................................................................... 4

Project Hardware: ................................................................................................................................... 5

Proteus Based simulation: ....................................................................................................................... 5

IC Block Design:..................................................................................................................................... 6

PCB Design:............................................................................................................................................ 6

AM modulation: ...................................................................................................................................... 7

Demodulation.......................................................................................................................................... 7

Problems Faced: ...................................................................................................................................... 8

Conclusion: ............................................................................................................................................. 8

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Electrical Enginering Communication Systems UET Taxila

Introduction:

The AM modulation is a kind of modulation technique which is in use since the very early
days of wireless data transmission amplitude modulation is the simplest modulation
technique among the wide verity of modulation techniques in use. In a radio transmission
system there is a relation between the ranges of frequencies which can be transmitted
wirelessly with the length of the transmitting antenna. The relation is inversely proportional
to one another, means as the frequency of the signal to be transmitted increases the length of
the antenna can be reduced and as the frequency of the signal to be transmitted decreases the
length of the transmitting antenna should be increased accordingly. Using an antenna of few
meters the frequencies in the range of MHz can be easily transmitted to a distance

Description:
In This Project We Have three parts:

1) Generate the signal from oscillator using LM741

2) Modulation of the signal using AD633JN
3) Demodulation of signal using Diode and Capacitor

This modulated signal is then demodulated using diode

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 Electrical Enginering Communication Systems UET Taxila

Components:

 MC1496
 Capacitors
 Resistors
 Potentiometer
 Power supply
 Oscilloscope
 Signal power amplifier

Circuit Diagram

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Electrical Enginering Communication Systems UET Taxila

Project Hardware:

Proteus Based simulation:

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Electrical Enginering Communication Systems UET Taxila

IC Block Design:

PCB Design:

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Electrical Enginering Communication Systems UET Taxila

AM modulation:
Double-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission (DSB-SC) is transmission in which frequencies
produced by amplitude modulation (AM) are symmetrically spaced above and below the carrier
frequency and the carrier level is reduced to the lowest practical level, ideally being completely
suppressed. In the DSB-SC modulation, unlike in AM, the wave carrier is not transmitted; thus, much
of the power is distributed between the side bands, which implies an increase of the cover in DSB-
SC, compared to AM, for the same power use.

All that is required to shift from suppressed carrier to AM operation is to adjust the carrier
null potentiometer for the proper amount of carrier insertion in the output signal. Therefore,
the modulator may be modified for AM operation by changing two resistor values in the null
circuit as shown in Figure 27.

Demodulation

The MC1496 makes an excellent SSB product detector (Figure 28). This product detector has
a sensitivity of 3.0 _V and a dynamic range of 90 dB when operating at an intermediate
frequency of 9.0 MHz. The detector is broadband for the entire high frequency range. For
operation at very low intermediate frequencies down to 50 kHz the 0.1 _F capacitors on Pins
8 and 10 should be increased to 1.0 _F. Also, the output filter at Pin 12 can be tailored to a
specific intermediate frequency and audio amplifier input impedance. As in all applications
of the MC1496, the emitter resistance between Pins 2 and 3 may be increased or decreased to
adjust circuit gain, sensitivity, and dynamic range. This circuit may also be used as an AM
detector by introducing carrier signal at the carrier input and an AM signal at the SSB input.
The carrier signal may be derived from the intermediate frequency signal or generated
locally. The carrier signal may be introduced with or without modulation, provided its level
is sufficiently high to saturate the upper quad differential amplifier. If the carrier signal is
modulated, a 300 mVrms input level is recommended.

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Electrical Enginering Communication Systems UET Taxila

Problems Faced:
1. Signal Loss (corrected using amplifiers)
2. PCB Tracks ( corrected by decreasing the track width)
3. Signal getting grounded (correted using amplifiers)
4. Carrier Wave Generation ( multiple circuits tried until correct frequency generated)

Conclusion:
This project implements AM modulation and demodulation using the IC MC1496 which acts
both as a modulator and demodulator in different configurations. For the carrier wave
generation we have used a RLC circuit generating sine wave of 1.2 MHz which is within the
range of AM. To amplify the signal op-amps have been used. This projects allows us to see
the different cases of modulation as the speaker output differs when the modulation index s
changed.