Receiver:

 The A receiver’s job is to select radio frequency signals

form the medium in which it exists and convert the
information contained on these signals into a usable form
such as audible signals or visual signals.

 A receiver must be able to select the desired frequency from

all those present and amplify it.
 The receiver contains demodulator circuit to remove the
information from the RF signal.
 If the demodulator is sensitive to amplitude changes it is used
in AM receivers, and called as detector.
 A demodulator which is sensitive to frequency modulation is
used for FM reception and is known as a discriminator.
Receiver Specifications
Parameters that determine the ability of a
receiver to successfully demodulate signal :

 Sensitivity
 Selectivity
 Fidelity
Receiver Specifications ‐ Sensitivity

 Sensitivity refers to the weakest signal that can be

received and still produce an acceptable out.

 The sensitivity of any receiver is an indication of how well it can

measure small signals.

 Sensitivity can be specified as a minimum voltage (μV) or as a

power level (dBm).
Receiver Specifications ‐ Selectivity
 Selectivity specifies a receiver’s ability to discriminate
against adjacent channel signals.
Receiver Specifications ‐ Selectivity
 The better the ability of the receiver to reject unwanted
signals, the better its selectivity.
 The degree of selection is determined by the sharpness of
resonance to which the frequency- determining circuits
have been tuned.
 Receiver Specifications ‐ Fidelity
 The fidelity of a receiver is its ability to accurately
reproduce, in its output, the signal that appears at its
input.
Image Frequencies
Image frequency Rejection
 The rejection of an image frequency by a single tuned
i.e. the ratio of the gain at signal frequency to the gain at
image frequency :

IFRR    1  Q 2  2
fi fs
where  
fs fi
 Image rejection depends on the front end selectivity of
the receiver and must be achieved before IF stage.
Image frequency Rejection
 In order to prevent interference, we need to prevent the
image frequency from appearing at the mixer.
 This is accomplished by the use of Bandpass filter
associated with the initial RF amplifier sometimes
called a preselector.
Preselector
Preselector
Preselector operation
Mixer and IF filter operation