Article Review on Chaos, Complexity, and Contingency Theories: An

Analysis and Application to the 21st Century Organizations by

Franklin M. Lartey

This paper introduces the review and analysis of the findings of the
study conducted by the aforementioned authors about the utilization of
Chaos, Complexity, And Contingency Theories.

Purpose
According to the comprehensive analysis of the study, it is evident
that the author significantly conducted a study to present these two
theories (chaos, and complexity theories) comparatively to the contingency
theory in a manner that is manageable to understand and apply.
Nowadays, 21st-century organizations have been dealing with
constant changes such as globalization, technological evolutions,
regulatory changes, competition, and other unexpected occurrences,
among others. These challenges can be viewed and expressed through the
lenses of contemporary theories by contrasting and comparing each,
namely Chaos, Complexity, and Contingency theories.

Theoretical Argument
The article illustrates the relationship between the three
contemporary management theories on how they view 21st organizations
and explained their key constructs while comparing and contrasting them
in a block and point-to-point structure. This study is specialized in
highlighting the implications of the theories for Scholars, and
Organizational Leaders.
It can be gleaned that the major purpose of testing the variables in
the study was to come up with an understanding of how important these
three theories to the 21st Organizations, Scholars, and Organizational
Leaders. The study assumed that Chaos, Complexity, and Contingency
Theory have many implications for both Scholars and Organizational
Leaders. The study also assumed the need to implement contemporary
theories that also have their advantages and limitations.
This study also sampled an alternative hypothesis, which is to
discuss the main points of the contemporary management theories, for the
researchers and organizational leaders to understand the implications of
these theories.

Methodology
This study used a comparative analysis to meet the desired result.
Comparative research is defined as the process of evaluating two or more
items side by side in order to learn more about one or all of the items under
comparison. The data were compiled from available information from
different studies that are connected to the contemporary theories (Chaos,
Complexity, Contingency Theory).

Findings and Contributions

It is evident that the focus of the article is to contribute a good
understanding of the theories and their ramifications or consequences,
which would be propitious to a good application of the theories in any field
of interest or in different situations.
According to the results of the analysis, it was discovered that the
initial consideration in applying contemporary management theories is to
analyze the implications of these theories to Scholars and Organizational
Leaders. Also, these theories are still in expansion and thus have
advantages and limitations that Researchers and Organizational Leaders
should consider, before their implementation.

Critic: Problems, Limitations, and Future Extensions

After reviewing and analyzing the article, the following theoretical
and empirical problems, limitations, and future extensions are concluded:

1. According to Smart (2020), the age of references in research

should not be older than 5 years old unless otherwise stated like
in historical or phenomenological research. In the article, we can
see some very old references used by the author.
2. I appreciate how the author applied a comparative approach as
his method, but still, some points were not that clear about the
relationship between each theory.
3. The study can be improved by expanding the ideas in the
Introduction.
 4. I humbly praise how the author explained and defined each
theory and its key construct, however, the conclusion didn’t
satisfy it. Did the study go successfully?
5. I strongly advise that inferential research be conducted to
enhance the study's findings and to get the desired result.

References
Smart, J. 2022. How old sources for references and literature review
should be. Retrieved on November 28, 2022 from
https://essaylot.com/how-old-sources-references/

Lartey, F. M. (n.d.). Chaos, complexity, and contingency theories: A comparative

analysis andapplication to the 21st Century organization. Journal of Business
Administration Research. Retrieved December 7, 2022, from
https://doi.org/10.5430/jbar.v9n1p44