SOLIDUM, Alfonso Gabriel P.

LBOBI12- XB1 December 5, 2022

TAN, Mariah Nikkaela Z.

LABORATORY EXERCISE 7 | PHYLUM ANNELIDA

I. Fill-up the table. For every genera/species in the table, identify the Class, order and
the common name based on the pre-lab discussion.

Class Order Genus / Species Common Name

Polychaeta Phyllodocida Nereis sp. Ragworm or clam worm

Polychaeta Canalipalpata Sabella sp. Peacock worm

Earthworm,
Clitellata Opisthopora Lumbricus sp. nightcrawler, or dew
worm.

Clitellata Arhynchobdellida Hirudo sp. Leech

II. Label and Identify. Using the photo specimens in our folder, label the parts accordingly
of all specimens. For each photo, indicate the genera or species of the specimen and type
of preparation (e.g. cross-section, dissected specimen) You may add more columns if
needed

Photo of Specimen with labeled parts Name of Specimen, Source and Stage

Peristomium Specimen: Nereis sp.

Jaw

Type of Preparation:
Parapodia
Cirri
Cirri Anus (Tentacles) Source: Found in sand or mud that is
(Tentacles) (Anterior) mixed with sand, but they are also found
(Posterior)
Prostomium amongst algae and eel grass, mussel
and barnacle beds, and beneath rocks
and woody debris in protected areas

Stage: Adult
 Specimen: Sabella sp.

Type of Preparation:

Source: It is found in shallow, tidal

waters with a bed of mud, sand or
Radiole gravel. It is sometimes found on rocks or
Mouth shipwrecks.

Stage: Adult
Tube

Specimen: Lumbricus sp.

Clitellum

Type of Preparation:
Mouth
Source: Anywhere there is moist soil and
dead plant material
Anus

Stage: Adult
Eyes Specimen: Hirudo sp.

Segment Type of Preparation:

Source: Found in shallow, protected

waters, concealed among aquatic plants
or under stones, logs and other debris.

Stage: Adult

Anus

Posterior sucker
SOLIDUM, Alfonso Gabriel P. LBOBI12: XB1 December 4, 2022
TAN, Mariah Nikkaella Z.

LABORATORY EXERCISE 8 | PHYLUM MOLLUSCA

I. Fill-up the table. For every genera/species in the table, identify the Class, order and
the common name based on the pre-lab discussion.

Common Name
Class Order Genus / Species
(English or Filipino)

Gastropoda Lepetellida Haliotis sp. Abalone

Maculated Top
Gastropoda Trochida Trochus sp. shelled-sea snail /
Trochus snails
Patellogastropoda
Rough limpet / China
Gastropoda Or Patella sp.
limpet
Archaeogastropoda
Gastropoda Cycloneritida Nerita sp. Black nerite snails

Gastropoda Architaenioglossa Pila sp. Apple snail

Common tower
Gastropoda Neotaenioglossa Turritella sp.
shelled-sea snail
Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Strombus sp. Stromboid conch

Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Lambis sp. Spider conch

Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Cypraea sp Cowry

Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Ovula sp. Egg cowry

Triton’s trumpet-sea
Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Charonia sp.
snail
Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Cassis sp. Horned helmet

Gastropoda Neogastropoda Oliva sp. Olive snails

Gastropoda Neogastropoda Conus sp. Cone snails

Gastropoda Cephalaspidea Bulla sp. Bubble snails

Gastropoda Basommatophora Lymnaea sp. Pond snails

Gastropoda Stylommatophora Achatina sp. Giant African snails

Bivalvia Mytilida Perna sp. Green mussels

Bivalvia Ostreida Pinctada sp. Pearl oyster

Bivalvia Ostreida Crassostrea sp. Pacific oyster

 Bivalvia Cardiida Cardium sp. Cockles

Bivalvia Cardiida Tridacna sp. Giant clam

Bivalvia Venerida Corbicula sp. Asian clam

Scaphopoda Dentaliida Dentalium sp. Elephant’s tusk shell

Cephalopoda Nautilida Nautilus sp. Nautilus

Cephalopoda Sepiida Sepia sp. Cuttlefish

Cephalopoda Myopsida Loligo sp. Squid

Cephalopoda Octopoda Octopus sp. Octopus

Paper nautilus /
Cephalopoda Octopoda Argonauta sp.
Argonaut
Polyplacophora Chitonida Chiton sp. Chitons

II. Label and Identify. Using the photo specimens in our folder, label the parts accordingly
of all specimens. For each photo, indicate the genera or species of the specimen. For
gastropods, please identify the shell shape and aperture margin descriptions. You may
add more rows if needed.

Photo of Specimen with labeled parts Name of Specimen

Whorl
Achatina
Specimen: ____________________
Turbinate
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Body
Whorl

Aperture

Argonauta
Specimen: ____________________
 Argonauta
Specimen: ____________________

Arms

e
Eye

Water jet

Spire Bulla
Specimen: ____________________
Bulloid
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________
Whorl

Aperture

Spire
Bulla
Specimen: ____________________
Bulloid
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Whorl

Aperture

Cardium
Specimen: ____________________
Umbo

Shell disk

Growth
annulus
 Cardium
Specimen: ____________________
Umbo

Growth
annulus

Shell
Disk

Body whorl
Casis
Specimen: ____________________
Obconic
Shell shape: ____________________
Aperture Aperture margin: Teeth
_________________
on lip and columella lip

Spire

Whorl

Casis
Specimen: ____________________
Obconic
Shell shape: ____________________
Aperture No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________
Body whorl

Whorl
Spire

Whorl
Spire Charonia
Specimen: ____________________
Fusiform
Shell shape: ____________________
Teeth on lip and columella lip
Aperture margin: _________________

Body
whorl
Aperture
Spire Whorl
Charonia
Specimen: ____________________
Fusiform
Shell shape: ____________________
Teeth on lip and columella lip
Aperture margin: _________________
Body whorl

Aperture

Shell plate
Specimen: ____________________
Chiton

Girdle

Conus
Specimen: ____________________
Spire Whorl Obconic
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________
Body
whorl

Aperture

Spire
Conus
Specimen: ____________________
Whorl
Obconic
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Aperture
Body
whorl
 Corbicula
Specimen: ____________________
Shell disc

Growth
annulus

Umbo

Adductor
Muscle scar

Crassostrea
Specimen: ____________________

Shell Umbo
disc

Soft body
mollusk
Adductor
muscle scar

Umbo
Crassostrea
Specimen: ____________________
Shell disc

Growth
annulus Adductor
muscle scar

Cypraea
Specimen: ____________________
Ovate
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Aperture
Body whorl

Spire
 Spire
Body whorl
Cypraea
Specimen: ____________________
Ovate
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Aperture

Dentalium
Specimen: ____________________

Aboral

Oral opening

Oral

Aboral Dentalium
Specimen: ____________________
opening

Oral
opening
Ridges

Spire Haliotis
Specimen: ____________________
Shell shape: ____________________
Flattened oval shape
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Body whorl
Aperture
 Spire
Haliotis
Specimen: ____________________
Flattened oval shape
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Body whorl
Aperture

Spire Lambis
Specimen: ____________________
Strombiform
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Whorl
Body whorl
Aperture

Lambis
Specimen: ____________________
Spire
Strombiform
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Whorl

Body whorl

Aperture

Whorl
Lymnaea
Specimen: ____________________
Turbinate
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Spire Body whorl

Aperture
 Spire
Lymnaea
Specimen: ____________________
Whorl Shell shape: ____________________
Turbinate
Body whorl No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Aperture

Shell Nautilus
Specimen: ____________________

Aperture

Nautilus
Specimen: ____________________
Eye Shell

Tentacles

Water jet

Spire Whorl Nerita

Specimen: ____________________
Involute
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Body whorl

Aperture
 Nerita
Specimen: ____________________
Involute
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Aperture

Spire Whorl Body whorl

Mantle Octopus
Specimen: ____________________

Water jet

Arms

Mantle Octopus
Specimen: ____________________

Water jet Eyes

Arms

Spire Oliva
Specimen: ____________________
Obovate
Shell shape: ____________________
Whorl
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Body whorl
Aperture
 Oliva
Specimen: ____________________
Spire
Whorl Obovate
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Aperture

Body
whorl

Spire
Ovula
Specimen: ____________________
Ovate
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________
Body
whorl

Aperture

Ovula
Specimen: ____________________
Body Ovate
Shell shape: ____________________
whorl
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Aperture

Spire

Specimen: ____________________
Patella
Shell shape: ____________________
Patellate
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Aperture Spire
 Spire Patella
Specimen: ____________________
Patellate
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Aperture

Umbo Umbo cavity

Perna
Specimen: ____________________

Shell disk
Adductor muscle scar

Pila
Specimen: ____________________
Whorl Globose
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________
Spire

Aperture

Body whorl

Whorl
Pila
Specimen: ____________________
Globose
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Body whorl
Aperture

Spire
 Pinctada
Specimen: ____________________

Shell disk

Adductor muscle
scar
Umbo cavity
Umbo

Umbo Pinctada
Specimen: ____________________
Umbo
cavity
Shell disk

Adductor muscle
scar

Sepia
Specimen: ____________________

Water jet
Arms

Mantle

Tentacles

Sepia
Specimen: ____________________

Mantle Fins

Eyes

Arms

Tentacles
 Strombus
Specimen: ____________________
Spire
Aperture Biconic
Shell shape: ____________________
Whorl No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Body whorl

Spire Strombus
Specimen: ____________________
Shell shape: ____________________
Biconic
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Aperture
Whorl

Body whorl

Tridacna
Specimen: ____________________
Shell disc

Umbo
Umbo cavity

Growth
annulus

Tridacna
Specimen: ____________________
Growth annulus

Umbo
Umbo
cavity

Shell disc
 Whorl
Trochus
Specimen: ____________________
Trochoid
Shell shape: ____________________
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________

Spire Aperture

Body whorl

Trochus
Specimen: ____________________
Trochoid
Shell shape: ____________________
Aperture
No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________
Body whorl
Spire
Whorl

Turritella
Specimen: ____________________
Turriform
Shell shape: ____________________
Whorl No teeth
Aperture margin: _________________
Body whorl

Aperture

Spire
III. Label and Identify. For dissected specimens, label the parts accordingly. For each
photo, indicate the genera or species of the specimen. You may add more rows if
needed.

Photo of Specimen with labeled parts Name of Specimen

Specimen:
Ctenidium Loligo (Squid)
____________________
Ink sac

Digestive
gland
Cecum
Arms
Stomach

Specimen:
Loligo (Squid)
____________________

Tentacles
Eyes

Fins

Specimen:
Mecenaria (Clam)
____________________
Posterior foot
retractor muscle

Posterior adductor
muscle

Labial palps
Mantle

Anterior foot
retractor muscle
Gills Specimen:
Mecenaria (Clam)
____________________

Anterior adductor
muscle

Foot
SOLIDUM, Alfonso Gabriel P. LBOBI12: XB1 December 9, 2022
TAN, Mariah Nikkaella Z.

LABORATORY EXERCISE 10 | PHYLUM ECHNODERMATA

I. Fill-up the table. For every genera/species in the table, identify the Class, order and
the common name based on the pre-lab discussion.

Class Order Genus / Species Common Name

A crown of thorns
Asteroidea Valvatida Acanthaster sp.
starfish

Crinoidea Comatulida Comatula sp. Feather star

Echinoidea Spatangoida Echinocardium sp. Heart urchins

Holothuroidea Apodida Euapta sp. Beaded sea cucumber

Asteroidea Valvatida Linckia sp. Blue sea star

Echinoidea Clypeasteroida Peronella sp. Pink sand dollar

Holothuroidea Synallactida Stichopus sp. Greenfish sea cucumber

Asteroidea Valvatida Archaster sp. Sand-sifting star

Asteroidea Valvatida Culcita sp. Cushion star

Echinoidea Camarodonta Echinometra sp. The burrowing urchin

Lolly fish or black sea

Holothuroidea Holothuriida Holothuria sp.
cucumber

Asteroidea Paxillosida Luidia sp. Spiny sand seastar

Chocolate chip sea star or

Asteroidea Valvatida Protoreaster sp.
horned sea star

Echinoidea Camarodonta Tripneustes sp. Parson's hat sea urchin

Asteroidea Paxillosida Astropecten sp. Sand sea star

Echinoidea Diademotida Diadema sp. Long-spined sea urchin

 Echinoidea Diadematoida Echinometrix sp. Banded sea urchin

Echinoidea Echinolampadacea Laganum sp. Sea cookie

Ophiuroidea Ophiacanthida Ophiocoma sp. Lagoon brittle star

Echinoidea Camarodonta Salmacis sp. White sea urchin

II. Fill up the Table. Determine if each character is present or absent for each
Echinoderm Class

Presence of Water Pentaradial Location of the Location of the

Vascular System symmetry mouth anus
Oral surface Oral surface
Present/ retain the Mouth located on Anus being
Crinoidea Present Pentaradial the upper surface. located on the
symmetry This is surrounded oral disc near
by feeding arms the mouth.
Present/ retain the Oral surface Aboral surface
Asteroidea Present Pentaradial Under the central Located on the
symmetry disc dorsal surface.
Present/ retain the Oral surface
Ophiuroidea Present Pentaradial The underside of Absent
symmetry the disk
Oral surface Aboral surface
Present/ retain the
On the bottom, The anus (or,
Echinoidea Present Pentaradial
substrate-facing periproct) is
symmetry
side of individuals located on top
Oral surface
Present/ retain the Aboral surface
(anterior end)
Holothuroidea Present Pentaradial Posterior end of
Surrounded by
symmetry the body
tentacles
 Open or
Location of Closed
Key Characteristic/s
maldeporite ambularcal
grooves
A somewhat cup-shaped body and
Crinoidea Absent Open five or more flexible and active
arms.
They have a flattened, star-
shaped body with five arms. They
Present/ (Aboral
Asteroidea Open have tube feet with suckers for
surface) Dorsal side
motility. They respire through
papulae
Present/ (Oral surface)
within one of the jaw Each brittle star has a distinct
Ophiuroidea plates, and not on the Closed central disk and five skinny,
upper side of the animal flexible arms.
as it is in starfish
Echinoids have an egg shaped,
circular body which is
Present/ (Aboral hemispherical. They have skeletal
Echinoidea Closed
surface) near the anus plates that bear many movable
spines and three jawed
pedicellariae.
Present/ unattached to Holothurians generally look long
the coelom and is and worm-like, but retain the
internal, lying beneath pentaradial symmetry
Holothuroidea Closed
the pharynx in the CD- characteristic of the
interambulacral position. Echinodermata. Some may be
(Internal) spherical in body shape
III. Dichotomous Key. Using the characters above, create a dichotomous key for the
different classes of Echinoderm.

1. Does the species have a water vascular system and a pentaradial

Yes… Go to 2
No… Not an Echinoderm
2. Does the species have an anus?
Yes… Go to 3
No… Ophiuroidea
3. Does the species have madreporite on its aboral surface?
Yes… Go to 4
No… Go to 5
4. Does the following species:
Have closed ambulacral grooves and is covered with movable long spines... Echinoidea
Have open ambulacral grooves and moves with hundreds of tube feet… Asteroidea
5. Does the following species:
Have an absent madreporite and has a cup-like body form… Crinoidea
Have an internal madreporite and has a long and worm-like soft body… Holothuroidea
 IV. Label and Identify. Using the photo specimens in our folder, label the parts
accordingly of all specimens. For each photo, indicate the genera or species of the
specimen and type of surface (oral or aboral). You may add more rows if needed.

Photo of Specimen with labeled parts Name of Specimen, Source and Stage
Arm plate
Arm tip Acanthaster planci
Specimen: ____________________
Arm

Aboral
Type of Surface:_________________

Anus
Madreporite

Arm tip
Arm Madreporite Archaster spp.
Specimen: ____________________

Aboral (T), Oral (B)

Type of Surface:_________________
Arm plate
Anus
Mouth

Tube feet

Arm
Arm tip Archaster spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Arm plate
Madreporite

Aboral
Type of Surface:_________________

Anus
Inferomarginal
spine

Arm tip Arm

Arm plate
Astropecten spp.
Specimen: ____________________

Tube feet
Anus Aboral (L), Oral (R)
Type of Surface:_________________
Mouth

Madreporite
 Calyx
Comatula spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Arms

Aboral
Type of Surface:_________________
Pinnules

Stalk
Cirri

Specimen: ____________________
Comatula spp.
Arms

Cirri
Aboral
Type of Surface:_________________
Calyx

Stalk

Arm plate
Culcita spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Arm tip

Aboral
Type of Surface:_________________

Anus

Madreporite

Culcita spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Tube feet

Oral
Type of Surface:_________________

Mouth
 Diadema spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Spine
attachment

Aboral
Type of Surface:_________________

Tube feet
Anus pores

Tube feet Diadema spp.

Specimen: ____________________
pores

Mouth Aboral (L), Oral (R)

Type of Surface:_________________

Anus
Spine
attachment

Echinocardium spp.
Specimen: ____________________

Plastron
Fasciole Aboral (L), Oral (R)
Type of Surface:_________________
Petals

Anus
Mouth

Anus Echinocardium spp.

Specimen: ____________________

Plastron
Aboral (R), Oral (L)
Type of Surface:_________________
Ambulacra
Spines

Mouth
 Echinometra spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Anus

Aboral
Type of Surface:_________________
Ambulacral
Spine
zone

Interambulacral
zone

Interambulacral
Pore-pairs for
zone Echinometrix spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Tube feet

Anus Aboral
Type of Surface:_________________

Attachment for
Spine

Ambulacral
zone

Attachment for Ambulacral

Spine zone Echinometrix spp.
Specimen: ____________________

Lateral
Type of Surface:_________________

Interambulacral Pore-pairs for

zone Tube feet
Mouth
Anus Euapta spp.
Specimen: ____________________

N/A
Type of Surface:_________________

Tentacles

Tube feet
 Linckia spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Tube feet
Arm

Oral
Type of Surface:_________________

Arm tip

Mouth

Specimen: ____________________
Linckia spp.

Aboral
Type of Surface:_________________
Arm tip

Anus

Arm plate

Arm plate Ludia spp.

Specimen: ____________________
Arm tip Mouth

Aboral (L), Oral (R)

Type of Surface:_________________
Arm
Tube
feet
Anus Inferomarginal
spine

Radial Ophiocoma spp.

Specimen: ____________________
shields Disks Mouth
Anus
Arms Aboral (L), Oral (R)
Type of Surface:_________________

Central
shields
Arm spines
Bursal slits
 Ventral
Holothuria spp.
Specimen: ____________________
podia

Ventral
Type of Surface:_________________

Holothuria spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Papillae

Dorsal
Type of Surface:_________________

Petalloid Peronella spp.

Specimen: ____________________
Food
grooves

Aboral (L), Oral (R)

Type of Surface:_________________
Mouth

Madreporite
Anus

Petalloid
Food Laganum spp.
Specimen: ____________________
grooves

Aboral (L), Oral (R)

Type of Surface:_________________
Mouth

Anus
Madreporite
 Stichopus spp.
Specimen: ____________________

Papillae
Dorsal (T), Ventral (B)
Type of Surface:_________________
Tentacles

Anus

Mouth

Pores for Tripneustes spp.

Specimen: ____________________
Attachment
tube feet
for spines

Lateral
Type of Surface:_________________

Ambulacral
zone

Tripneustes spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Pores for
tube feet Mouth
Oral
Type of Surface:_________________

Attachment Ambulacral
for spines zone

Tripneustes spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Pores for
Anus
tube feet

Aboral
Type of Surface:_________________
Apical disc

Ambulacral
Attachment zone
for spines
 Arm tip
Arm plate
Specimen: ____________________
Protoreaster spp.
Tube feet

Aboral (L), Oral (R)

Type of Surface:_________________
Madreporite

Mouth

Anus

Specimen: ____________________
Salmacis spp.
Podia

Oral
Type of Surface:_________________

Mouth
Skeleton

Salmacis spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Anus
Genital
plate
Aboral
Type of Surface:_________________

Gonopore
 IV. Label and Identify. For dissected specimens, label the parts accordingly. For each
photo, indicate the genera or species of the specimen. You may add more rows if needed.

Photo of Specimen with labeled parts Name of Specimen, Source and Stage
Retractor Intestine Ampulae
Pollian vesicle muscle Holothuroidea spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Gonads

Tentacles

Cloaca

Mouth and Pharynx

Respiratory
Esophagus tree
Longitudinal
Stomach Dermis muscle

Aristotle’s lantern
Intestines Echinoidea spp.
Specimen: ____________________
Gonads

Radial canal Test or skeleton