n

·
I somerism & IUPAC. Names E
-

· solutions to UWS-1
Isomerism: molecular
organic compounds having same

formula but
differing in at least one or

& chemical properties(?) &

more
physical
obviously having different structures either in

2D-plane or in 3-D
plane are reffered to as

ISOMERS & the is known Isomerism.

concept as

FSOMERIS4

Structural Isomerism Stereoic omerism

(constitutional)
S
optical
conformational
Geometric
will
· cover in Part -
I
Structural Isomerism but
· .

organic compounds having same M.F

(constitutional) having different relative atomic

arrangement
with -
in a molecule or in 2-Dplane are

(plane of paper)
referred to as structural Isomers

or these isomers have

basically different
structural formulas.

Structural Isomerism

2. Chain 4. Metamerism

2. Position 5. Tautomerism

Functional
3. 6.
Ring Chain
Introducing JUPAC Names: BAsic
-
Rules for Writing /UPAC Names

Identify
1. G &
obviously the parent (basic) carbon chain

Alkanes:
*
NO G Alkenes:G:Ebond
*

* Alkynes: Ebond * Alcohols: -

On * Aldehyde: -Cho

& so on....

Note: How to identify parent chain?

& continuous carbon-carbon
choose the
longest
chain inclusive of G (!)
2. Give numbers
(1,2,3,...) to carbon atoms in the chosen

chain. 1 Locants

· Give Locants in such a manner that the

functional
group (2) gets lowest possible number (it may
not be ''
 G
G
1 2 3 4 z 2

Examples: C =2-C-C c
c.
=<

-c
C
=>

P* &
* 3

9 : ''bond is not
chain
observe
carefully:
a
part of
12 3 4 5 4 3 z

S-c-c-2-L 2- )-c-2-C

⑪ ·I
·
It does not include

functional group
3 z I Z I

n-Propyl :Isopropyl alcohol

<-c
alcohot: c-c-C_O4 G of
-

1 2 3

1 2 1 2 3

c-c-on c-c
=

Note: Preference is for G

·Ist 3

2nd
Preference is for a branch (alky))
 & 4
1 2 3

observe
carefully: C=c-c-C

d d
C3-Methy 1) branch

4
3 I I
[Methy1)

<-c=c-c
g 2 3
4

②- Methy1)

3. Finally Write IUPAC name.

() observe Word Root · No. of carbon atoms is

1C: Meth the chosen chain

2 C: El ·
Always include "'-atom of
3C:
Prop functional group in: 140;
-

& derivatives;
4C: But c=0;-oon
-

JC: Pent Netc....

& so on...
B) Follow standard IUPAC name of a
Family (homologous series
·
AcKane . All ene

Alkanoic and
ALland:
·
Alcohols ·

↓
word root t word root ↳G
while locant
c) writing an IUPAC name; mention the

of (a) G b) branch (if any

1 2 3 4
c c-c-C
eg. =

3 Z
But--ene 7 G c-c=c
word Poot cant ↳ branch->

2
Methylprop-l-ene
Isomerism
* & IUPAC names in Allanes:

Alkanes: Cuttant2 No isomers for

CH4; C2Ho; C3Hg
4 3
I 2 3 2. I
C4Hio: <-c-C-C (E) c. I
C
·
-
C

Butane DN) 2-Methylpropane

Type of isomerism: ?

Chain Isomers somers

having same M.F having different
but

type of Parent chains (basically with different

·
Isomers I & II (above) Word Root)
chain Isomers.
are
clearly
· C5 H12: &
543

E-2_
2 I

(1) E-
(I) <-c-c-c-c
(TI)
Pentane ↳
2 -

Methy/butane 2.
2-Dimethylpropane
clearly I,
I,the chain somers
 6 I

I.-c
5432
·
Cott14: 1.C-c-c-c-2-C

Hexarce 2
Methyl pentane
1 2 3 4
# -__
I 2 c-2 C

d
-

d
2,3-Dimethys butane 3 -

Melty) pentane

I.
R-c2-9 2,2-Dimethyl butane

I, l, IN: Chain 1MD: (I &

(1); (IF &E) are not

Chain Chain Isomers

I, II, I:
I: Chain ??
1

II, PTO-

I, II, I: chain
Position Isomers Isomers with M.F in
· same
differing
position of functional group (G) or a

branch (alkyl)

I.-c 2
Methy/ pentane. Position isomers corrt branch
(Me)
#

.
-E-
d
3 -

Melty) pentane
Position isomers corrt branch
(Me)
-P
·

2,3-Dimethys butane

I.
R-c2-9 2,2-Dimethyl butane
* Isomerism & IUPAC names in ALKENES:

M. F: CrHzn ·
No isomerism in

C2H4 & CzH6

-=2_
1 3 4
2

C4H8: (I) 2 =2-C-C (E)

(But-l-ene) (But-a-ene) I&l: Position Isomers

#
e-cd 2-Methylprop--e

#
II) &
II, II): chain I somers

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
& SHIO: CF) C22-2-2-2
(E) C-C=2-2-2

Pent--ene Pent-2-ene

() & (I): Position Isomers

 1 4
2=cI
2 3 3 4
I z
I
#
C=c-C-C #
. C-c2C-C
#

d ↳ ↳
Methy/ but-I-ene
2
3-Methyl but-2-eve
3-Methyl but-l-ene

Note:(&I) are chain isomers of A, I, E

·
(IIOI) are position isomers wrt position of -c-bord

: (F &
E) 1) 3) )( 8.U. 1) "1-c =C-bond
&
(II
·
& IS " I( 7 wit.
position Methyl group
of only thattyl group.
 Isomerism & IUPAC name in Alleynes: -

·
Ch+2n-2 · No isomerism in

22H2 & C3H4

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
C416:
· cEC-C-C C-CEC-C

position Isomers
But-l-yne But-a-yne are

-EEc-c-c
I 2
·
C5H8; CEC-C-2- ->
Position Isomers
Pent-1-yhe Pent-2-y42
Chain Isomer of
-Ed:
->

3-methy/but--yne &
I-Pentyne
2 -

Pentyne
Note: Visualise all Alkadienes with

MF: C4H6; C5Hs & Write their

IUPAC names.
 Functional Isomers. Isomers having same M.F but

differing in
Types of functional groups.
· These isomers have different chemical

&
physical properties

&
·
Alleynes Ackadienes
(Chtzn-2) are Functional Isomers

& Ketones (Chtznc)

·
Aldehydes () 3 I 3S

& Esters
·
Carboxylic acids (CntznOz) 1) JS 3)

· Alcohols & others (Ch1zn +20) " I 3)

·
13283 Amines (ChHent 3 N) 1 3)I 3)

&
·
cyanides isocyanides are also functional isomers
· Nitro & Nitrites
 Isomerism & IUPAC in &
names
Aldehydes Ketones: (ChttenO)

First
functional Isomers: :CHyO: <4> ChC4O
aldehyde

First
20; <hy C45 Ketone: Cy Hg6
C43--chg:
·

have No isomers

·
Acetone &
Propionaldehyde are functional
Isomers
Basically &
+toness
· - cho -

·
C4H8O: Caldehydes)
Aldehyde: 2c-c-CHO are
different functional groups.

--cuo
a

-
unctional Isomers

Ketone:
<Us-4-CUzCL
IUPAC Ketones
Names:
Aldehydes

LKANAL ALKANONE
↓ ↳ ↓
word root ↳ word root
G

ALdehyde:

UCno : Methanal

Chy CUO :Ethanal

3 2 I

Chy CUzcuo: Propanal

En en no : Butan-1-al = Butanal
chain Isomers
3 2 I
· 2
Methylpropanal
cubin
n-C40
-
ketones A LKAN-7-ONE

(Locant)

& As O :
<ns-- s :Propan-2- one =
Propanone

C4H80:
<nz-cucs: Butan-z-one Butanone

C5H10 0:
cub-2-cuccics: Penton-zone 2
= -
Pentanone

cus-enz-zCM: Pentan-zone 3 pentanone

-

Chain
O
ISomeVS
position
3--u-3: 3-Methy butan-zone
are

Isomers
 C5A100: 3 Ketones (last page)

Visualise
aldehydes (these will be functional [somers)
of Ketones)
Cphg -Cho

Test Bu 1.W: Draw all 4 aldehyde

-Br iso-Bu & write their IUPAC names
Sec-Bu
Isomerism & in
IUPAC names
Carboxylic Acid & Esters:

(CnHznOz)
· Functional Isomerism:
·
Mcoon has no
O

C2H482: cr--on n--o-c43 isomer Lo

·

Acid 2 ster
cetic acid Methyl formate functional Isomer

GH502 i ch-ch-on n-c-o-CH5: Ethyl formate

What are
propionic acid
Methyl acetate
these?I
Chy--0-C4z:
Metamers
are functional Isomers ↳
·

special case of
chain
 Acid S
astars
O

C4HsO2: c-c-cl-on ⑧

h-do-nPr
a _on ·

-
-

ne-a-o-isoP
·
C3--o -CzH5
O
· are
functional ·
Ch5242-1-0-C43
Isomers

Metamers:(in Esters)

&
R-G-0-Rz R3
--o-R are Metamers

R +R2) =
(Ry + R4)
· No.
of c-atoms

R can also be 4
IUPAC Names of Arids: ALKANoic Acid
↓ ↳
word root
G

COOn: Methanoic acid

Chycoon: Ethanoic acid

Chz C4zcoon: Propanoic acid

Can Endoon: Butanoic acid

chain Isomers

-en-coon:
3
2-Methylpropanoic andt
 Esters
IUPAC Names of (AlkyD) alkanoate

R 4_O-R word root

G

u-co-cu
E
·Methy/methanoate
L
methanoate
4-4-0-C2H5:Ethyl
methanoate
n-cro-CUzChechy: Propyl

L
Isopropylmethanoate a
n-9ro-cutclz:
Isopropyl
(cusian) accepted
Note: is in NPAL namesa
 (AlkyD) alkanoate
O
2

4_O-R G
I
Il
<43-2-0-cuz: Methyl ethanoate R word root

My-c'-o-CH5: Ety) a
ethanoate

O
3 2 11d
<43 C42c-0-C43: Methy/ propanoate
4 E 2
I
Methyl butanoatea
chy-cu-ch-c-0-Clz:
ens-en-1-0-cus:(Melty)-2-methylpropanoate a

· Not part part of parent chain

of chan

·attached to
O'-atom
 &

ens
"n--o-cutus:
- I
(Isopropy) -2-methylpropanoatea

bonsn--o-CH5: (Etty)) -33-dimethy/butanoeand

ann-ct-o-cH5: (Fitx1) 2,3-dimethy/butanoate

=

dny

Note: Po-<u=C4z: vinylautate a

Ethery ethanoate
d
n =c42: Vinyl formate Etheny/methanoate
-4-0
-c

CFN)
 Chemistry Introduction to Organic chemistry Home Work Sheet-1
solutions
Me

C(CH3) 4 Me-'C- Me

I
1.
I
Me Neopentane
7. CHy 2021
Acetyl chloride

2. CHy CH =
CH2 Propylene 8. CHy 200 CH3
inethy I

3.
statt Propylene glycol 9. It
cookierefaceand
4. CHBr3 Bromo form 20. (3+ c0) 28 formic anhydude

5
CHC2OH Ally alcohol
"CH-o
Methy / vinyl ether
6.
CHCl 12. Me--ISO Pr
vinyl chloride 20 amine
amine
Methylisopropyl
 Nolactate

I
13. CHy CONH2 Acetamide 20.

14 CH3-CH 200H
Isobutyric 21. *
cit-cHe CH20H
City acd Is0 pentyl alcohol
15.
*HBrz Ethylidene
Gem dibromide
22. H2C=CHOH

CH3
vinyl alcohol

3I
16. If CHO formaldehyde 23 CH3-2 -CH2CHy Tert. Pentyl
·If alehol

"C-OH
18.
Tert-butyl
alcohol
e4.
⑭
Chy [H-CN Isopropyl
cyanide
MezCH-O-Me
Isopropy)Methylether
25. Etz*UPr
↓
↳ 30amine

*
19.
atNA &
iethyl-n-propylamine
amine
see-but
Fill in the blanks .

1 .
Total number of structures ( isomers) with M .F

of C4HsClz is - .

2 .
The smallest
'
alkyne having 10,2° ,
3° It atoms -

has C' atom & H' atoms

'

- - .

3 .
The total number of Pentyl radical that can be

formed from Csltn -

is - .

4 .
The total number of alkanes that can be

formed with M.fi C6Hi4 is -

.

Contd - - -
I. Caltsclz : c- cÉÉ c- c c-
E- E' ③
di di di
vi c- c- c- c c- c- c- C
C
didi di di c -
d c
③

d:
-

c-c-c- c
di El
c- c- c- c

di la d ,
d , c- E- a ③
Total isomers =
@ di di
1-130

&Ic
2 It
.

10
d-
'
it
Hzc c-
-

2° I
Cltz
I
E- E- E- E- d- ; E- E- E- Ed
2
3- 5 4 3
c- c- c- c- c ; 1
•
E-
§ -
E- d- ; E- § -1¥ ; 4-Ed ; -
Ed
c c c c d
E- E- '

d
c-
⑧ •
4- ↳ Hia c-É-c-E
-ÉÉÉ ; c-E_E
a d d
⑤
l 4 2 3 4
12 3 I

É It
I LL
4 5
1 2 34 5 I 2 3
5. CSHIO :

cjc-c-c-c-cd-F-E-Ed-E-c-EE-c-E-d.ae
C=c -
c- C-

⑤
a c

6. ↳ Hs : alkadienesc-e.EE É É - -

cond
E=É-E
G- E- ed.
_E=É=É-É E- E- E-
d d)
c=E -3=4
'

I
isolated 2=2--3-4*5
⑥
 of possible alkenes
5 .
The number
having M .F =

CSHIO is - .

6 .
The number of alkadienes (atllypes with
M .F : C5Hg .
is - .

7 .
The number of possible tri -
chloro structures
F. 1+593
possible with M -
= ↳ is -
.

8 .
The number of 4014 -
atoms in neo -

pentane
is - .
7 Czltsaz : c- c-
É-c , ; c-c-
Ito ,

di di
91
c- c-c- a ; c- c- a
④
di di di di
pentane 01-13

4°H=⑤
8 .
Neo -
:

011-3 -

cleats No .
of
ditz

Thanks !
!