3

01

𝐴𝐻 𝐶3 𝐻6 𝑂3
(𝑆0 )
𝐶0 V0 = 500𝑚𝐿
𝑪𝟑 𝑯𝟔 𝑶𝟑
𝒅 = 𝟏, 𝟏 01
𝑷 =? ? 𝑃
𝒈
𝑴 = 𝟗𝟎
𝒎𝒐𝒍

01

10 (𝑆0 ) 𝑉 = 10𝑚𝐿
𝑐1 (𝑆1 )

100 𝑚𝐿 5𝑚𝐿
250 𝑚𝐿 10𝑚𝐿
500 𝑚𝐿 20𝑚𝐿
-

𝐴𝐻
𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 (𝑠)
2+
𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 (𝑠) + 2𝐴𝐻(𝑎𝑞) = 𝐶𝑎(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐶𝑂2 (𝑔) + 2𝐴−
(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙)
𝑚0 (𝜃1 = 25℃)
1 (𝑆1 ) 𝑉 ′ = 50𝑚𝐿

[𝐶𝑎2+ ] = 𝑓(𝑡) 𝐶𝑎2+

02

2 1
 ൣ𝑪𝒂𝟐+ ൧(𝟏𝟎−𝟐 𝒎𝒐𝒍/𝑳) 1
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 2
𝑚0 3

(𝑆1 ) 𝑐1 4
(𝑆0 ) 𝑐0 5
𝑃
𝟓
𝑡 = 𝑡1/2 6
[𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑓
𝟎 𝟏 𝒕(𝒎𝒊𝒏) 𝑡1/2 [𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑡1/2 =
2
02
7

𝜃2 = 40℃ 8
.
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 •
𝑡1/2 •
𝑣𝑉𝑜𝑙 •
[𝐶𝑎2+ ] = 𝑔(𝑡) 2 .
𝜃2 = 40℃

𝑀(𝑂) = 16 𝑔. 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 𝑀(𝐶) = 12 𝑔. 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 𝑀(𝐶𝑎) = 40 𝑔. 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

2 2
 3

.I

0,25 × 2
100 𝑚𝐿 10 𝑚𝐿

01,5 (𝑆0 ) 𝑉 = 10 𝑚𝐿 -
0,25 × 4
100𝑚𝐿 𝑉 -
-
-

.II
.1
2+
𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 (𝑠) + 2𝐴𝐻(𝑎𝑞) = 𝐶𝑎(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐶𝑂2 (𝑔) + 2𝐴−
(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙)
0,5 0.5 (𝑚𝑜𝑙)
𝑚0 𝑐1 𝑉′
0 0 0 0
𝑀
𝑚0 𝑐1 𝑉′ − 2𝑥
𝑥 −𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 2𝑥
𝑀
𝑚0 𝑐1 𝑉′ − 2𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 2𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑀
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 .2
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = [𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑓 × 𝑉 ′ [𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑓 =
𝑉′
01 0,5 × 2
[𝐶𝑎2+ ] 𝑓 = 25 × 10 −2
𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿 2
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 12,5 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 25 × 10−2 × 5 × 10−3

𝑚0 .3
𝑚0
01 0,5 × 2 − 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0
𝑀
𝑚0 = 12,5 × 10−3 × 100 = 1,25 𝑔 𝑚0 = 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 𝑀
(𝑆1 ) 𝑐1 .4
2𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 ′
01 0,5 × 2 𝑐1 = 𝑐1 𝑉 − 2𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0
𝑉′
2×12,5×10−3
𝑐1 = = 0,5 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
50×10−3
(S0 ) 𝑐0 .5
𝐶0
𝐶0 = 10 × 0,5 = 5 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿 𝐶0 = 𝐹 × 𝐶1 𝐹=𝐶
1
01 0,25 × 4 𝑃 -
𝑐0 ×𝑀 5×90 10.𝑃.𝑑
P= = 10×1,1 = 40,9% 𝑐0 =
10.𝑑 𝑀
 𝑓 [𝐶𝑎2+ ]
[𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑡1/2 = .6
2
𝑥
[𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥′ … (1)
1/2 2𝑉
{ 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥
0,5 [𝐶𝑎2+ ] = … (2)
𝑓 𝑉′
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥
2[𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑡 = … (1)
1/2 𝑉′
{ 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 2 (1)
[𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑓 = … (2)
01 𝑉′
2+ ]
2[𝐶𝑎 𝑡1/2 = [𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑓 (2) (1)
[𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑓
[𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑡1/2 =
0,5 2
𝑡1/2 -
25×10−2
[𝐶𝑎2+ ]𝑡1/2 = = 12,5 × 10−2 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
2
𝑡1/2 = 0,7 𝑚𝑖𝑛
.7
0,5
-

1 𝑑𝑥
𝑣𝑉𝑜𝑙 = 𝑉 ′ × 𝑑𝑡 … (1)
𝑥
01 𝑥 = [𝐶𝑎2+ ] × 𝑉 ′ … (2) [𝐶𝑎2+ ] =
𝑉′
𝑑[𝐶𝑎2+ ] 1 𝑑([𝐶𝑎2+ ]×𝑉 ′ )
𝑣𝑉𝑜𝑙 = 𝑣𝑉𝑜𝑙 = 𝑉 ′ × (1) (2)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑[𝐶𝑎2+ ] (25 − 0) × 10−2 𝑚𝑜𝑙

0,25 × 2 𝑣𝑉𝑜𝑙 = | = = 25 × 10−2
𝑑𝑡 𝑡=0
1−0 𝐿 × 𝑚𝑖𝑛

.8

0,25 × 2 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 -
0,25 × 2 -
0,25 × 2 -
[𝐶𝑎2+ ] = 𝑔(𝑡)
[𝑪𝒂𝟐+ ](𝟏𝟎−𝟐 𝒎𝒐𝒍/𝑳)

𝒈(𝒕)
02

0,5
𝒇(𝒕)

𝟎 𝟏 𝒕(𝒎𝒊𝒏)