PRECAUTIONS

1. The connections should be tight.

2. Insulation must be proper.

PROJECT 5
AiM
angle of incidence using a hollow prism filled one-by-one with
To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the
different transparent liquids.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
Hollow prism, drawing board, white paper, pins,
protector, different transparent liquids, metre scale.

PRINCIPLE
prism, then after refractions
When a light ray falls on one face of a
on two faces, it emerges out of the
prism. The angle between the
deviation (8).
ncident ray and the emergent ray is called the angle of Angle of Deviation
The angle of deviation due to a
prism depends upon the angle Ray Emergent
angle of incidence, the angle of Incident
of incidence. On increasing the minimum for some value of Ray
deviation first decreases, becomes increase.
begins to
angle of incidence and then deviation (8,,) B4 C
and angle of minimum
n terms of prism angle (A) prism material is given by (Fig. 1)
he refractive index of the
 Physics Lab Manual-XI
108
A +o
Sin

sin

PROCEDURE
1. Fix white paper on the drawing board by drawing pins.
2. Draw a line XY in the middle of the paper (Fig. 2) on this line, points
Q1, Q2, Q3 Q4s . are marked at equal
distances. Normals Q1N1, Q2N2, Q3N3,... to the line are drawn at these points.
Ns N
N N2
2 16

50
P2 P202 P -Y
X- D7A B
TA

.
S1
CcV

(Fig. 2)

normals. In the figure, lines are11 Q1, l2 Q2, l3 Q3, ...

3. Draw lines at angles 30°, 35°, 40°, ... with the line
liquid) on XY such that its face AB coincides with
4. Place the prism (hollow prism filled with transparent
a
XY. Clearly, Q1 Ni. will be the normal on this
face. The boundary of the prism is marked with pencil.
Observe the pins through
fixed on line I1Q1, at separation of about 8-10 cm.
5. Fix two pins P1 and P2 are then P2: All the four pins P1, P2
face AC and fix the pins S1 and S2 in the sight of the images of pins P],
the prism
S1, S2 appear in the same straight line.
pencil marks at places of S1 and S2
6. Remove all the pins and the prism and put 11 Q1 produced at D.
intersecting the face line AC. This line meets the
7. Draw a line through these pins mark is the angle of deviation for angle of
deviation, between S1 S2 andI1 Q1 is measured (81). This
The angle of
incidence 1 Q1 Ni = 30
8. Repeat the above process by placing ncidence-deyiation curvefo Curve
the prism at Q2, Q3,.. where the Scale
angles of incidence are 35°, 40°, OnXaxis, 1BoxE1I
On Yaxis2 Boxes 1
and determine the corresponding
angles of deviation ö2, Öz,..
9 by
9. Repeat the above steps 4 to
filling the hollow prism one-by-one
with different transparent liquids.
the
10. On the graph paper, draw
curve between the values of angles
of incidence (30, 35, 40, ...)
and
ò2 O3,
angles of deviations (1,
determined above. The curve similar
Fig. 3 is obtained.
to that shown in
Obtain such curves for all the liquids.

(Fig. 3)
 109
Physics Lab Manual-XiI
OBSERVATION
Table for angles of incidence i) and angles of deviation (6):
(8)
Experimental Prism S. No. Angle of Incidence () Angle of Deviation
1. 0
2. 35
A
3. 40
liquid 45
50
55

1. 30
35
B
40
(liquid. 45
50
6. 55
30
35
C 3. 40

(liquid.. 45
50
6. 55 *

CONCLUSIONS
) The angle of deviation depends upon for all types of materials used.
i) The trend of variation of 3 with i is same but value of angle of minimum deviations (&,) is different for
different materials.
PRECAUTIONS
1. The pins must be inserted vertical and at distances of 8-10 cm.
2. The angle of incidence should not kept less than 30°.
3. The faces of prism must be properly clean so that the image formed may be bright.
4. The refracting surfaces of prism should not be touched with hands. Prism should be handled by the edges.
5. The i-8 curve should be drawn smooth.

ProJECT O
AiM
one of the two identical Styrotoam (or pith) balls suspended in a vertical plane by
Toestimate the charge induced on each
making use of Coulomb's law.

APPARATUs REQUIRED
cotton threads (each about 50 cm long), a glass rod. woolen
styrofoam) balls of identical size, two
Two pith (or long

cloth and a metre scale.