Gear

1. The smaller and generally the driving gear of a pair of 2.
2. The distance measured along the circumference of the pitch

mated gears is called _________ circle from a point on one tooth to the same point on the adjacent
a) pitch b) module c) rack d) pinion tooth is called ______
a) pitch diameter b) circular pitch c) pitch point d) line of centres
Answer:d Answer:b
Explanation: Pinion is the smaller and the driving gear of a Explanation: Circular pitch is the distance measured along the
pair of mated gears. It is used in gear train drives and is circumference of the pitch circle from a point on one tooth to the
usually the smaller gear. The pinion engages the larger gear same point on the adjacent tooth. So basically, it is the distance
or rack that helps in the turning of the wheels of the vehicle. between corresponding points of consecutive gear teeth. p = d π/
N; where, p is the circular pitch, d is the standard pitch diameter
and N is the number of teeth.
3. The number of teeth per unit length of the pitch circle 4. The ratio of the number of teeth on the gear to the number of
diameter is called ________________ teeth on the pinion is called ______
a) diametral pitch b) module c) clearance d) gear ratio a) velocity ratio b) module c) gear ratio d) pitch point
Answer:a Answer: c
Explanation: Diametral pitch is the number of teeth per unit Explanation: Gear ratio is given by T/t and is defined as the ratio
length of the pitch circle diameter. It is used to classify of the number of teeth on the gear to the number of teeth on the
different types and sizes of gears. It is a function of the pitch pinion. Velocity ratio is the inverse of gear ratio. Gear ratio is
circle. P = d. inversely proportional to the radius of the pitch circle and also the
number of teeth on the driving gear.
5. The ratio of pitch diameter to the number of teeth is called 6. The circle passing through the upper tips of the teeth is called
a) module b) addendum a) pitch circle b) circular pitch
c) dedendum d) backlash c) dedendum circle d) addendum circle
Answer:a Answer: d
Explanation: Module is the ratio of pitch diameter to the Explanation: Addendum circle is the circle passing through the
number of teeth. upper tips of the teeth. The addendum circle lies on the outside
Module indicates the size of the gear and classifies whether cylinder for external gears whereas the addendum circle lies on the
the gear is big or small as module is a unit of size. m= d/T or internal cylinder for internal gears. The diameter for the addendum
m = p/π. circle of an internal gear is called as inside diameter.
7. The radial height of a tooth above the pitch circle is called 8. The circle passing through the roots of the teeth is called
a) addendum b) dedendum a) addendum b) addendum circle
c) rack d) line of centres c) dedendum circle d) rack
Answer:a Answer: c
Explanation: Addendum is the radial height of a tooth above Explanation: Dedendum circle is the circle passing through the
the pitch circle. Basically, it is the radial distance between roots of the teeth. It touches the bottom of the spaces between the
pitch diameter and diameter of the outside circle. Addendum teeth of a gear.
angle is the angle between the face cone and the pitch cone.
9. The radial depth of a tooth below the pitch circle is called 10. The radial difference between the addendum and the
a) dedendum b) addendum dedendum of the tooth is called _________
c) rack d) line of centres a) clearance b) rack c) line of action d) line of centres
Answer: a Answer: a
Explanation: Dedendum is the radial depth of a tooth below Explanation: Clearance is the radial difference between addendum
the pitch circle. It is the radial distance between the pitch and dedendum of the tooth. Clearance circle is a tangent to the
circle and the root circle. Dedendum angle is the angle addendum circle on the gear. It has a clearance which equal to the
between the root cone and the pitch cone distance between the dedendum of the gear and the addendum of
the mating gear
10. The locus of the point of contact on two mating teeth 11. The portion of path of contact from the beginning of
from beginning of engagement to end of engagement is contact to the pitch point is called _______
known as the _______________ a) arc of recess b) arc of approach
a) angle of action b) arc of contact c) path of recess d) path of approach
c) path of contact d) line of action
Answer: c Answer: d
Explanation: Path of contact is the locus of the point of Explanation: Path of approach is the portion of path of contact
contact on two mating teeth from beginning of engagement to from the beginning of contact to the pitch point. It is given by the
end of engagement. It is also called as contact length. It is the formula (Ra2 – R2cos2 φ)0.5 – Rsinφ; where Ra is the radius of
tangent to both the base circles and passes through the pitch addendum of the larger gear, R is the radius of the larger gear and
point. φ is the pressure angle between the two gears.
12. The portion of the path of contact from the pitch point to the end of contact is called _________
a) arc of recess
b) arc of approach
c) path of recess
d) path of approach
Answer: c
Explanation: Path of recess is the portion of the path of contact from the pitch point to the end of
contact. It is given by the formula (ra2 – r2cos2 φ)0.5 – rsinφ; where ra is the radius of addendum of the
smaller gear, r is the radius of the smaller gear and φ is the pressure angle between the two gears. Path
of approach + Path of recess = Path of contact.
13. Arc of contact = ___________________ Complete the equation.

a) Path of contact / cos θ
b) Path of contact / sin θ
c) Path of contact x cos θ
d) Path of contact x sin θ
Answer: a
Explanation: Arc of contact = Path of contact / cos θ; θ = the pressure angle between the two gears.
14. The locus of a point on the pitch circle from the beginning to end of engagement of two mating
gears is called as ___________
a) Arc of contact
b) Path of contact
c) Path of approach
d) Arc of approach
Answer: a
Explanation: Arc of contact is defined as the locus of a point on the pitch circle from beginning to end
of engagement of two mating gears. It is subdivided into two sections namely arc of approach and arc
of recess. Arc of approach + arc of recess = arc of contact.
15. The ratio of angle of action to the pitch angle is called ___________
a) space width
b) angle of recess
c) angle of approach
d) contact ratio
Answer: d
Explanation: Contact ratio is the ratio of angle of action to the pitch angle. It is also defined as the
number of pairs of teeth in contact. Contact ratio = arc of contact / circular pitch.
16. The angle turned by the gear from the beginning to the end of engagement of a pair of teeth is
called ______________
a) angle of approach
b) angle of recess
c) angle of action
d) angle of contact
Answer: d
Explanation: Angle of action is the angle turned by the gear from the beginning to the end of
engagement of a pair of teeth. Angle of action = Arc of contact / r; where r is the radius of the pinion.
1. In the given diagram identify the path of contact.
a) CD
b) AB
c) FE
d) BP
Answer: a
Explanation: Path of contact is the locus of the point of contact on two mating teeth from the beginning
of engagement to the end of it. Thus CD is the path of contact. It is also called as contact length. It is
the tangent to both the base circles and passes through the pitch point.
2. The formula to calculate path of contact is ______________________

a) (Ra2 + R2cos2 φ)0.5 + (ra2 + r2cos2 φ)0.5 – (R+r)sin φ
b) (Ra2 – R2cos2 φ)0.5 + (ra2 – r2cos2 φ)0.5 + (R+r)sin φ
c) (Ra2 – R2cos2 φ)0.5 + (ra2 – r2cos2 φ)0.5 – (R+r)sin φ
d) (Ra2 – R2cos2 φ)0.5 + (ra2 – r2cos2 φ)0.5 – (R-r)sin φ
Answer: c
Explanation:
From the diagram of two gears in a mesh, we can clearly see that, CD = CP + PD = (CF – PF) + (DE –
PE) =(Ra2 – R2cos2 φ)0.5 + (ra2 – r2cos2 φ)0.5 – (R+r)sin φ.
3. The condition which must be fulfilled by two gear tooth profiles to maintain a constant angular
velocity ratio between them is called __________________
a) arc of contact
b) path of contact
c) law of gearing
d) interference
Answer: c
Explanation: Law of gearing is the condition which must be fulfilled by two gear tooth profiles to
maintain a constant angular velocity ratio between them. In order to maintain this constant angular
velocity, the common normal of the tooth profiles should always pass through a fixed point on the line
of centres, called fixed point.
4. What is the formula for the path of approach?

a) (Ra2 – R2cos2 φ)0.5 – Rsinφ
b) (Ra2 + R2cos2 φ)0.5 + Rcosφ
c) (Ra2 + R2cos2 φ)0.5 + Rsinφ
d) (Ra2 + R2cos2 φ)0.5 – Rcosφ
Answer: a
Explanation: The path of approach is given by the formula (Ra2 + R2cos2 φ)0.5 – Rsinφ; where Ra = The
addendum radius of the larger gear, R = The radius of the larger gear and φ is the pressure angle. Path
of approach is the portion of path of contact from the beginning of contact to the pitch point. Similarly,
the formula for the path of recess is (Ra2 + R2cos2 φ)0.5 – rsinφ.
6. To avoid interference what is the maximum length of the path of approach?

a) Rsinφ
b) rsinφ
c) Rcosφ
d) rcosφ
Answer: b
Explanation: The maximum length of the path of approach is equal to rsinφ. Similarly, the maximum
length of the path of recess is equal to Rsinφ; where r is the radius of the smaller gear, R is the radius
of the larger gear and φ is the pressure angle between these two gears.
1. Velocity of sliding at the beginning of engagement of the two gears = (ωp + ωg) x ______________
a) path of contact
b) arc of contact
c) arc of approach
d) path of approach
Answer: d
Explanation: Velocity of sliding at the beginning of engagement = (ωp + ωg) x path of approach.
Similarly, the velocity of sliding at the end of engagement = (ωp + ωg) x Path of recess.
2. Velocity of sliding at the pitch point = (ωp + ωg) x _____________

a) path of contact
b) 0
c) arc of approach
d) path of recess
Answer: b
Explanation: At the pitch point, there is no relative motion between the gears. Thus, the velocity of
sliding is 0. Velocity of sliding at the pitch point = (ωp + ωg) x 0 = 0.
3. The angular velocity of the pinion is 25 rad/s and that of the gear is 10 rad/s. The path of approach is
equal to 15 mm. Find the velocity of sliding at the beginning of contact.
a) 394 mm/s
b) 525 mm/s
c) 134 mm/s
d) 348 mm/s
Answer: b
Explanation: ωp= 25 rad/s and ωg= 10 rad/s. Path of approach = 15 mm.
Velocity of sliding = (ωp + ωg) x Path of approach = (25 + 10) x 15 = 525 mm/s.
4. The angular velocity of the pinion is 40 rad/s and that of the gear is 12 rad/s. The path of recess is
equal to 16 mm. Find the velocity of sliding at the end of the contact.
a) 832 mm/s
b) 213 mm/s
c) 1029 mm/s
d) 720 mm/s
Answer: a
Explanation: ωp= 40 rad/s and ωg= 12 rad/s. Path of recess = 16 mm.
Velocity of sliding = (ωp + ωg) x Path of recess = (40 + 12) x 16 = 832 mm/s.
5. The angular velocity of the pinion is 100 rpm and that of the gear is 30 rpm. The path of recess is
equal to 50 mm and the path of contact = 100 mm. Find the velocity of sliding at the beginning of the
contact.
a) 1033.29 mm/s
b) 902.93 mm/s
c) 394.02 mm/s
d) 680.58 mm/s
Answer: d
Explanation: Np = 100 rpm. Therefore, ωp= 10.47 rad/s
Ng = 30 rpm. Therefore, ωg= 3.14 rad/s
Path of approach = Path of contact – Path of recess = 100 mm – 50 mm = 50 mm.
Velocity of sliding = (ωp + ωg) x Path of approach = (10.47 + 3.14) x 50 = 680.58 mm/s.
10. What is the formula for rolling velocity?

a) ωp x r
b) ωg x R
c) 0
d) ωg x r
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that v = r. ω. The rolling velocity is also represented by the same formula ωp x
r; where ωp is the angular velocity of the pinion and r is the radius of the smaller gear. Rolling velocity
is also called as pitch line velocity.
11. Two involute gears in a mesh have path of approach = 29.83 mm and path of recess = 21.09 mm.
The larger gear has 40 teeth and the pinion has 12 teeth. Find the ratio of the sliding to rolling velocity
at the:
i) beginning of contact
ii) end of contact
iii) pitch point
r = 72 mm
a) 0.38, 0.54, 0
b) 0.54, 0.38, 0
c) 0.24, 0.63, 0
d) 0.63, 0.24, 0
Answer: b
Explanation: i) Ratio of the sliding to rolling velocity = ((ωp + ωg) x Path of approach)/ (ωpx r) = (ωp+
(12/40)ωp) x 29.83/ωp x 72 = 0.54
ii) Ratio of the sliding to rolling velocity = ((ωp + ωg) x Path of recess)/ ωpx r = (ωp+ (12/40)ωp) x
21.09/(ωp x 72) = 0.38
iii) Ratio of the sliding to rolling velocity = ((ωp + ωg) x 0)/ ωpx r = 0.
1. The distance travelled by a point on either pitch circle of the two wheels during the period of contact
of a pair of teeth is called ____________________
a) path of contact
b) arc of contact
c) contact ratio
d) angle of action
Answer: b
Explanation: The arc of contact is defined as the distance travelled by a point on either pitch circle of
the two wheels during the period of contact of a pair of teeth. Simply, it is traced out along the pitch
circle while one pair of the teeth is in contact.
2. The contact ratio is the ratio of arc of contact to the ____________

a) circular pitch
b) dedendum
c) circular pitch
d) module
Answer: c
Explanation: Contact ratio is the of the arc od contact to the circular pitch. The number of teeth in
contact = arc of contact / circular pitch = path of contact / (circular pitch x cos φ).
3. If the contact ratio is 2.7, two pairs of teeth are always in contact and three pairs of teeth are in
contact for _________ % of the time.
a) 100
b) 50
c) 45
d) 70
Answer: d
Explanation: If the contact ratio is 2.7, two pairs of teeth are always in contact and three pairs of teeth
are in contact for 70 % of the time.
4. For continuous transmission of motion, the contact ratio i.e. n must always be _______
a) equal to 1
b) equal to 0
c) more than unity
d) less than unity
Answer: c
Explanation: For a continuous transmission of motion, at least one tooth of the wheel must be in
contact with another tooth of the second wheel. Hence, n must be greater than unity. If the contact ratio
is less than unity, then it implies that the even a single tooth of the two gears are not in contact with
each other.
5. Two involute gears have path of contact 40 mm and the pressure angle is 50°. Find the arc of
contact.
a) 62.23 mm
b) 25.71 mm
c) 30.64 mm
d) 52.21 mm
Answer: a
Explanation: Arc of contact = Path of contact/cos φ = 40/cos 50° = 62.23 mm.
6. Two gears in a mesh have the arc of contact = 27 mm. The pressure angle is 15°. Find the path of
contact.
a) 104.32 mm
b) 6.98 mm
c) 27.95 mm
d) 26.08 mm
View Answer
7. Two involute gears in a mesh have a circular pitch of 25 mm. The arc of contact is 55 mm. Find the
number of pairs of teeth in contact.
a) 2.2
b) 0.45
c) 13.75
d) 1.3
Answer: a
Explanation: Contact ratio = Arc of contact/ Circular pitch = 55/25 = 2.2.
8. Two involute gear have a module of 5 mm, the arc of contact is 25 mm. Find the contact ratio of
these two gears.
a) 5
b) 1.59
c) 0.2
d) 3
Answer: b
Explanation: Contact ratio = Arc of contact/ Circular pitch = Arc of contact / πm = 25/(5xπ) = 1.59.
9. The path of contact of two gears in a mesh is 50 mm and the pressure angle is 45°. The module is 8
mm. Find the contact ratio of these two gears.
a) 4.2
b) 1.9
c) 3.7
d) 2.8
Answer: d
Explanation: Arc of contact = Path of contact/cos φ = 50/cos 45° = 70.71 mm
Contact ratio = Arc of contact/ Circular pitch = Arc of contact / πm = 70.71/(πx8) = 2.8.
10. The path of approach = 13.92 mm and path of recess = 11.56 mm. The pressure angle is 22.5°. The
module is 4 mm. Find the contact ratio of these two gears.
a) 2.19
b) 3.54
c) 3.12
d) 2.53
Answer: a
Explanation: Path of contact = Path of approach + Path of recess = 13.92 + 11.56 = 25.48 mm
Arc of contact = Path of contact/cos φ = 25.48/cos 22.5° = 27.58 mm
Contact ratio = Arc of contact/ Circular pitch = Arc of contact / πm = 27.58/(πx4) = 2.19.
1. In the given diagram, identify the maximum value of addendum radius of the larger gear or the
wheel to avoid interference.
a) AD
b) BE
c) BC
d) BA
Answer: b
Explanation: BE is the maximum value of addendum radius of the wheel or the larger gear to avoid
interference of the gears. It is given by Ra max. When two gears are in mesh at one instant there is a
chance to mate involute portion with non involute portion of mating gear. This phenomenon is
described as interference. In case of a pinion, AF is the maximum value of the addendum radius of the
pinion.
2. The maximum radius of addendum to avoid interference is given by the formula ____________
a) ((R cosφ)2 + (R sinφ + r sinφ)2)0.5
b) ((R cosφ)2 + (R sinφ – r sinφ)2)0.5
c) ((R cosφ)2 – (R sinφ + r sinφ)2)0.5
d) ((R cosφ)2 – (R sinφ – r sinφ)2)0.5
Answer: a
Explanation:
We know that the maximum value of addendum radius is equal to BE. From the given diagram it is
evident that BE = ((BF)2 + (FP + PE)2)0.5 = ((R cosφ)2 + (R sinφ + r sinφ)2)0.5. If the actual value of the
addendum radius is less than the maximum value of the addendum radius, then interference does not
occur.
3. What is the formula for calculating the minimum number of teeth on the wheel ?
a) T = 2aw/((1+(1/G)((1/G)+2)sin2φ)0.5 – 1)
b) T = aw/((1+(1/G)((1/G)+2)sin2φ)0.5 – 1)
c) T = 2aw/((1+(1/G)((1/G)+2)sin2φ)0.5
d) T = 2aw/((1+(1/G)((1/G)+2)sin2φ)0.5 + 1)
Answer: a
Explanation: T ≥ 2aw/((1+(1/G)((1/G)+2)sin2φ)0.5 – 1)
This implies that the minimum teeth must always be greater than the value obtained using this formula.
In the limit, T = (2aw/(1+(1/G)((1/G)+2)sin2φ)0.5 – 1). The minimum number of teeth on the pinion is
given by t = T/G.
4. What is the maximum value of the addendum of the pinion?

a) mt((1+G(G+2)sin2 φ)0.5+1)/2
b) mt((1-G(G+2)sin2 φ)0.5-1)/2
c) mt((1-G(G+2)sin2 φ)0.5+1)/2
d) mt((1+G(G+2)sin2 φ)0.5-1)/2
Answer: d
Explanation: Since, aw max = mT((1+(1/G)((1/G)+2)sin2φ)0.5 – 1)/2 is the maximum value of
addendum for the wheel, similarly, for pinion, the maximum value of addendum is given by
mt((1+G(G+2)sin2 φ)0.5-1)/2. If the maximum value of addendum is less than the actual value of
addendum, then interference occurs.
5. If the maximum addendum radius of the wheel is given as 260 mm and the actual value of the
addendum radius is found out to be 255 mm, the interference will occur. True or false?
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: As the value of Ra obtained is less than the value of the maximum addendum radius, the
interference does not occur. It only occurs if the value of the addendum radius obtained is more than
the maximum addendum radius. Thus, the given statement is false.
1. Identify the given gear.
a) Spur gear
b) Helical gear
c) Worm and worm gear
d) Bevel gear
Answer: b
Explanation: The given diagram is of a helical gear. In helical gears, the teeth are inclined to the axis of
the gear. The gears can be either left handed or can be right handed depending on the direction in
which the helix slopes when viewed. Here, 1 is left handed gear and 2 is a right handed gear.
2. The angle at which the teeth of the gear are inclined to the axis of a gear is called as __________
a) pitch angle
b) normal angle
c) helix angle
d) gear angle
Answer: c
Explanation: Helix angle is the angle at which the teeth are inclined to the axis of a gear.
In the diagram above, Ψ is called as helix angle. Depending upon the direction of this angle, the gear
can be either left handed or right handed.
3. The distance between the corresponding points on adjacent teeth measured on the pitch circle is
called ______________
a) helical pitch
b) normal pitch
c) gear pitch
d) circular pitch
Answer: d
Explanation: Circular pitch is the distance between the corresponding points on adjacent teeth
measured on the pitch circle.
Here, the distance p is called as circular pitch.

p = πm, where m is the module.
4. The shortest distance measured along the normal to the helix between corresponding points on the
adjacent teeth is called ____________
a) gear pitch
b) helical pitch
c) circular pitch
d) normal circular pitch
Answer: d
Explanation: Normal circular pitch or normal pitch is the shortest distance measured along the normal
to the helix between corresponding points on the adjacent teeth.
In the given figure, pn is the normal circular pitch.

pn = p cos Ψ
Therefore, mn = m cos Ψ.
10. Find the spiral angles of the two helical gears for maximum efficiency if the shaft angle is 100° and
the friction angle is 10°.
a) 55°,55°
b) 50°,50°
c) 55°,45°
d) 65°,45°
Answer: c
Explanation: For maximum efficiency of the helical gears, Ψ1 = (θ + φ)/2 = (100° + 10°)/2 = 55°
Ψ2 = 100° – 55° = 45°.
1. When large gear reductions are needed _________ gears are used.
a) helical
b) spur
c) worm
d) bevel
Answer: c
Explanation: Worm gears are used where large speed reductions are needed. The horizontal portion of
the gear is called as a worm and the assembly of it with the gear is known as a worm gear. Worm can
easily turn a gear but a gear cannot turn a worm because of the shallow angle on the worm.
2. The driven gear in the worm gear is a helical gear. True or false?
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The helical gear is driven in the worm gear and the driving element is the screw or the
worm. Worm gears are used in transmission of power between two non-parallel and non-intersecting
shafts.
3. Which is of these is an advantage of worm gear?

a) It is expensive
b) Has high power losses and low transmission efficiency
c) Produce a lot of heat
d) Used for reducing speed and increasing torque
Answer: d
Explanation: Reduction of speed and increasing the torque is an advantage of worm gear. The rest are
the disadvantages of the worm gear. Worm gears are used in gate control mechanisms, hoisting
machines, automobile steering mechanisms, lifts, conveyors and presses.
4. The distance between corresponding points on adjacent teeth measured along the direction of the
axis is called ____________
a) joint line
b) normal link
c) axial pitch
d) lead
Answer: c
Explanation: Axial pitch is the distance between corresponding points on adjacent teeth measured
along the direction of the axis. The axial pitch of the worm gear is the same thing as the circular pitch
of the helical gear.
5. The distance by which a helix advances along the axis of the gear for one turn around is called
_____________
a) joint line
b) normal link
c) axial pitch
d) lead
Answer: d
Explanation: Lead is the distance by which a helix advances along the axis of the gear for one turn
around. The axial pitch is equal to the lead in a single helix and the axial pitch is one half of the lead in
a double helix and so on.
6. The angle at which the teeth are inclined to the normal of the axis of rotation is called
_______________
a) pitch angle
b) lead angle
c) normal angle
d) joint angle
Answer: b
Explanation: Lead angle is the angle at which the teeth are inclined to the normal of the axis of
rotation. Lead angle of the worm gear is same as the helix angle of the helical gear. Thus, Ψ2 = λ1.
7. What is the velocity ratio of worm gears?

a) (lπ)/d2
b) (πd2)/l
c) l/(πd2)
d) d2/(lπ)
Answer: c
Explanation: Velocity ratio in worm gears is given as the ratio of the angle turned by the gear to the
angle turned by the worm.
Thus, velocity ratio = (2l/d2)/(2π) = l/(πd2).
8. What is the centre distance for the worm gear?

a) (mn/2)(T1 cotλ1 – T2)
b) (mn/2)(T2 cotλ1 + T1)
c) (mn/2)(T2 cotλ1 – T1)
d) (mn/2)(T1 cotλ1 + T2)
Answer: d
Explanation: C = (mn/2)(T1 cotλ1 + T2)
This equation can be derived by using the formula for centre distance of a helical gear which is given
as C = (mn/2) ((T1/cos Ψ1) + (T2/cos Ψ2)
As, Ψ2 = λ1, Ψ1 = 90° – λ1.
9. What is the formula to calculate maximum efficiency of a worm gear?

a) (1+sinø)/(1-sinø)
b) (1-sinø)/(1+sinø)
c) (tan(λ1-ø))/tan λ1
d) (tan(λ1+ø))/tan λ1
Answer: b
Explanation: The maximum efficiency of the worm gear is given to be (1-sinø)/(1+sinø), whereas the
efficiency of the worm gear is given as (tan(λ1-ø))/tan λ1
10. Find the helix angle of the worm if the pitch of the worm gear is 12 mm and the pitch diameter is
50 mm.
a) 8.687°
b) 11.231°
c) 9.212°
d) 10.319°
Answer: a
Explanation: tan λ1 = Lead / Pitch circumference = 2p/πd1 = 24/50π = 0.1528
λ1 = 8.687°.
11. Find the speed of the gear if the worm is a three start worm rotating at 500 rpm. The gear has 20
teeth.
a) 125 rpm
b) 100 rpm
c) 75 rpm
d) 50 rpm
Answer: c
Explanation: N1/N2 = T2/T1
500/N2 = 20/3
N2 = 75 rpm
Thus, the gear rotates at a speed of 75 rpm.
12. For a two start worm gear having a pitch of 20 mm and a lead angle 12°, find the centre distance if
the larger gear has 25 teeth.
a) 148.22 mm
b) 124.93 mm
c) 121.19 mm
d) 109.53 mm
Answer: d
Explanation: C = (mn/2)(T1 cotλ1 + T2)
Therefore, C = (pn/2π)(T1 cotλ1 + T2) = 109.53 mm.
13. Calculate the lead angle of the worm gear for maximum efficiency if θ = 90° and the coefficient of
friction is 0.05.
a) 48.21°
b) 42.23°
c) 43.57°
d) 46.43°
Answer: c
Explanation: µ = 0.05°; ø = tan-1(0.05) = 2.862°; θ = 90°
For maximum efficiency, Ψ1 = (θ+ ø)/2 = 92.862/2 = 46.43°
Ψ1 = 90° – λ1 = 46.43°
λ1 = 90° – 46.43° = 43.57°.
14. Find the maximum efficiency if the lead angle is given to be 10° and the coefficient of friction is
0.07.
a) 79.82%
b) 72.23%
c) 76.29%
d) 70.72%
Answer: d
Explanation: λ1 = 10°, ø = tan-1(0.07) = 4°
Efficiency = tan(λ1)/ tan(λ1+ ø) = 0.7072 = 70.72%.
15. Calculate the maximum efficiency of the worm gears which have a friction angle of 0.06.
a) 88.71%
b) 83.23%
c) 89.91%
d) 86.49%
Answer: a
Explanation: ø = tan-1(0.06) = 3.43°
Maximum efficiency = (1-sin ø)/(1+sin ø) = 0.8871 = 88.71%.
1. Bevel gears are used to have a gear drive between two intersecting shafts. True or false?
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: To have a gear drive between two intersecting shafts, bevel gears are used. Bevel wheels
are used to work a gear to another gear. They are generally mounted on shafts which are perpendicular
to each other but can be designed to work at other angles too. Thus, the statement is true.
2. Bevel gears are equivalent to rolling ________

a) cubes
b) cones
c) spheres
d) cuboids
Answer: b
Explanation: By geometry of bevel gears, it is evident that they are equivalent to rolling cones. Their
pitch surface is a cone. Bevel gears exist as pairs which can be either straight or inclined at different
angles.
3. Identify the given gear.
a) Spur
b) Helical
c) Worm
d) Bevel
Answer: d
Explanation: The given gear is bevel gear. Here, ƴg, ƴp = pitch angles of gear and pinion respectively.
rg, rp = pitch radii of gear and pinion respectively.
4. What is the formula to calculate the pitch angle of gear of a bevel gear using the radius?
a) yg = tan-1 ((cos θ)/((rg/rp)+sin θ))
b) yg = tan-1 ((cos θ)/((rp/rg)+sin θ))
c) yg = tan-1 ((sin θ)/((rp/rg)+cos θ))
d) yg = tan-1 ((sin θ)/((rg/rp)+cos θ))
Answer: c
Explanation: tan yg = ((sin θ)/((rp/rg)+cos θ))
Therefore, yg = tan-1 ((sin θ)/((rp/rg)+cos θ))
Similarly, tan yp = ((sin θ)/((rg/rp)+cos θ))
Therefore, yp = tan-1 ((sin θ)/((rg/rp)+cos θ)).
5. What is the formula to calculate the pitch angle of pinion of a bevel gear using the angular velocity?
a) yp = tan-1 ((cos θ)/((wg/wp)+sin θ))
b) yp = tan-1 ((cos θ)/((wp/wg)+sin θ))
c) yp = tan-1 ((sin θ)/((wg/wp)+cos θ))
d) yp = tan-1 ((sin θ)/((wp/wg)+cos θ))
Answer: d
Explanation: tan yp = ((sin θ)/((wp/wg)+cos θ))
Therefore, yp = tan-1 ((sin θ)/((wp/wg)+cos θ))
Similarly, tan yg = ((sin θ)/((wg/wp)+cos θ))
Therefore, yg = tan-1 ((sin θ)/((wg/wp)+cos θ)).
6. Which of the gears has the highest contact ratio?

a) Helical
b) Spur
c) Bevel
d) Worm
Answer: c
Explanation: Bevel gears increase the contact ratio. It avoids interference and results in stronger pinion
teeth. The gear ratio can be determined from the number of teeth, pitch diameters or pitch cone angles.
7. What is the working depth of the gear and the pinion of the bevel gears?
a) 2 m, 0.7 m
b) 0.7 m, 2 m
c) 3 m, 0.4 m
d) 0.4 m, 3 m
Answer: a
Explanation: The working depth of the teeth is usually 2 m which is the same as for standard spur and
helical gears, but the bevel pinion is designed with the larger addendum and has 0.7 m working depth.
The gear addendum varies according to the gear ratio and is 1 m for a gear ratio 1.
10. The gear ratio of bevel gears = tan yg = cot yp. True or false?
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The gear ratio of bevel gears can be given from the number of teeth, the pitch diameters
or the pitch cone angles as i = ω1/ω2 = n1/n2 =d2/d1 = tan yg = cot yp. Thus, the statement is true.
1. The common normal to the curves of the two teeth must not pass through the pitch point.
a) True
b) It must pass
c) It may or may not pass
d) None of the listed
Answer: b
Explanation: The common normal must pass through the point where two mating gears meet.
2. Which of the following can be used for power transmission in intersecting shafts.
a) Spur Gear
b) Helical Gear
c) Bevel Gear
Answer: c
Explanation: Bevel gears are used for power transmission in case of intersecting shafts.
3. Is it possible to transmit power between shafts lying in different planes using gears?
a) Yes
b) No
Answer: a
Explanation: Worm or crossed helical gears can be used in this case for power transmission.
4. The two gears are said to have conjugate motion if

a) They have constant angular velocity ratio
b) Variable angular velocity ratio
c) Infinitely small angular velocity ratio
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Explanation: Two gear are said to have conjugate motion and tooth profiles are said to have conjugate
curves if they have constant angular velocity ratio.
5. Which of the following is not true about gears?
a) Positive drive
b) Constant velocity ratio
c) Transmit large power
d) Bulky construction
Answer: d
Explanation: They have compact construction.
6. Gear drive don’t require precise alignment of shafts.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: A minute level of misalignment isn’t tolerated in gears.
7. Spur gears can be used only when the two shafts are parallel.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The teeth are cut parallel to the axis of shaft.
8. The teeth of the helical gears are cut parallel to the shaft axis.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: They are cut at an angle with the shaft axis.
9. Herringbone gear can be used in

a) Intersecting shafts only
b) Parallel shafts only
c) Both intersection and parallel shafts
Answer: b
Explanation: It consist of two helical gears with the opposite hand of the helix.
10. Bevel gears impose ____ loads on the shafts.

a) Radial and thrust
b) Radial
c) Thrust
d) Neither radial nor thrust
Answer: a
Explanation: Bevel gears have the shape of a truncated cone and tooth is cut straight or spiral.
11. Which of the following are true for worm gears?

a) Worm is in the shape of threaded screw
b) Threads on the worm have small lead
c) Worm imposes high thrust loads
d) Characterised by low speed reduction ratio
Answer: d
Explanation: They are characterised by high speed reduction ratio.
12. Greater the velocity ratio, smaller the gearbox.
a) True
b) Greater the gearbox
c) Size of gearbox remains unaffected
Answer: b
Explanation: Greater velocity leads to increase in size of gear wheel which results in size of gearbox.
13. Required velocity ratio is 60:1, which of the following are recommended?
a) Worm
b) Spur
c) Bevel
Answer: a
Explanation: For high speed reduction ratio, worm gears are recommended.
14. For a constant velocity ratio, the common normal to the tooth profile at point of contact must pass
through a continuously variable point.
a) True
b) It pass through a fixed point
c) Constant velocity ratio isn’t required, hence variable point is preferred
Answer: b
Explanation: It must pass through a fixed point called pitch to maintain a constant velocity ratio.
1. In cycloidal gears contact area is

a) Comparatively smaller
b) Comparatively larger
c) Can’t be determined
Answer: b
Explanation: Convex flank on one tooth meets with concave on the other thus increasing the contact
area.
2. Involute gears have greater contact area as compared to cycloidal gears.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: There is mating of two convex surfaces and hence lesser contact area.
3. Cycloidal teeth consist of

a) Hypocycloid curve
b) Epicycloid gear
c) Both hypocycloid curve and epicycloid curve
Answer: c
Explanation: It consist of both and thus are hard to manufacture.
4. Pressure angle remains constant in case of involute profile.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The common normal always passes through the pitch point and thus maintain the constant
inclination.
5. Pressure angle is _____ in case of cycloidal teeth.

a) Constant
b) Variable
c) zero
Answer: b
Explanation: Cycloidal teeth consist of two profiles.
6. Velocity ratio is the ratio angular velocity of driving gear to that of driven gear.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Velocity ratio is simply the angular velocities ratio.
7. Velocity ratio and transmission ratio are the same thing.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Transmission ratio is measured between first and last gear.
8. Contact ratio is always

a) =1
b) >1
c) <1
d) Can’t be determined
Answer: b
Explanation: Some overlapping is essential for continuous transfer of power.
9. Product of diametric pitch and circular pitch is?

a) π
b) 1/π
c) None of the listed
d) 2
Answer: a
Explanation: CP=πd/z and circular pitch=z/d.
10. Diameteral pitch is 5, then calculate module of the gear.

a) 0.2
b) 0.4
c) 5
d) 10
Answer: a
Explanation: Module is the inverse of diameteral pitch.
1. If driving gear rotates CW, driven gear will rotate?
a) ACW
b) CW
c) Both CW and ACW
Answer: a
Explanation: If there are even number of intermediate gears between driving gears and driven gears,
first and last gear rotate in the opposite direction.
2. If driving gear rotates ACW, driven gear will rotate in which direction?
a) ACW
b) CW
c) Both CW & ACW
Answer: a
Explanation: Number of idler gears are even, then first and last gear rotate in same direction.
3. A compound gear train consists of at least 3 shafts connected to each other.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: A compound gear train is characterised by one shaft carrying two gears atleast.
4. If driving gear rotates in CW, then driven gear will rotate in?
a) CW
b) ACW
c) CW & ACW
Answer: a
Explanation: 3-ACW,2-ACW and driven gear CW.
5. If centre distance between the two gears on same shaft is unequal to the centre distance on the other
two gears on the second shaft, then this gear train is called reverted gear train.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The centre distance is equal in both the shafts.
6. If one gear is fixed while the other gear has motion of two types i.e. rotary about its own axis and
rotation about axis of fixed gear, than the gear train is _____
a) Epicyclic gear train
b) Reverted gear train
c) Kepler gear train
Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of epicyclic gear train.
7. Which of the following are true about epicyclic gear train?

a) Fixed gear is called sun gear
b) Rotating gear are called earth gear
c) Crank is called sun carrier
Answer: a
Explanation: Rotating gears are called planet gears.
8. Epicyclic gears are not generally recommended due to bulky construction.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Epicyclc gears have compact construction.
1. Interference is caused by?

a) Overlapping of tooth profiles
b) Large size of dedendum
c) Meshing of involute and no-involute profiles
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d
Explanation: In some cases, portion of tooth below base circle is not involute due to large dedendum.
This leads to overlapping of involute portion of teeth with the non-involute portion of the teeth.
2. Interference can be removed by under cutting.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Undercutting removes the interfering portion of the tooth.
3. Interference is maximum when the largest pinion is in mesh with the smallest gear.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: It is maximum when smallest pinion is in mesh with the largest gear.
4. Undercutting is consider healthy for the tooth as it eliminates undercutting.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Although it eliminates undercutting but it also weakens the strength of the tooth and
removes a small involute portion near to the base circle.
5. Backlash is defined as
a) Difference in the width of tooth space and engaging tooth thickness
b) Amount by which engaging tooth thickness exceeds the tooth space
c) Other name for interference
Answer: a
Explanation: Backlash is the amount by which tooth space exceeds the engaging tooth thickness.
6. The amount of backlash depends on

a) Diameteral pitch
b) Module
c) Centre distance
Answer: d
Explanation: Module and diameteral pitch are the same thing, and centre distance is also a factor while
deciding the magnitude of the backlash.
7. The two teeth have thickness t₁ and t₂. If backlash of t₁ is greater than that of t₂, than
a) t₁ > t₂
b) t₁ < t₂
c) t₁ = t₂
Answer: b
Explanation: Backlash=Tooth space-tooth thickness, greater the backlash lower is the tooth thickness.
8. A gear train consist of spur gear as shown. Gear A receives 4kW of power at 750rpm through its
shaft and rotates in CW direction. Calculate the torque on the gear A.
a) 51N-m
b) 48N-m
c) 46N-m
d) 44N-m
Answer: a
Explanation: M=60×10⁶x4/2πx750.
shaft and rotates in CW direction. Calculate the torque on the gear B.
a) 47N-m
b) 51N-m
c) 0
d) Infinity
Answer:c
Explanation: Gear B is an idler gear and thus transmits no torque.
shaft and rotates in CW direction. A gear train consist of spur gear as shown. Gear A receives 4kW of
power at 750rpm through its shaft and rotates in CW direction. Calculate the torque on the gear C if
number of teeth on gear A, B and C are 40, 70 and 30.
a) 66N-m
b) 68N-m
c) 53N-m
d) 45N-m
Answer: b
Explanation: M(a)xN(a)=M(c)xN(c) as the power transmitted is same.
shaft and rotates in CW direction. Calculate the tangential gear tooth force. Module of the gear is 5mm.
a) 510N
b) 526N
c) 544N
Answer: a
Explanation: P=2M/d or P=2×51/5×40.
12. A planetary gear train is shown in the figure. Number of teeth on the sun gear A, planet gear B and
fixed ring gear D are given by 30, 70 and 140 respectively. Module is taken as 5mm. Calculate the
length of the arm C.
a) Missing data
b) 250mm
c) 330mm
d) 240mm
Answer: b
Explanation: L=[Da+Db]/2 where da=5×30 and Db=5×70.
tangential component of gear tooth force.
a) 220.6N
b) 303.2N
c) 454.7N
d) 633.2N
Answer: c
Explanation: P=2M/5×30 where M=60×10⁶x(kW)/2πN.
fixed ring gear D are given by 30, 70 and 140 respectively. Module is taken as 5mm. A pair of spur
gears consist of 25 teeth pinion meshing with a 115 teeth gear. The module is 5mm. Calculate the gear
ratio.
a) 5
b) 4.6
c) 5.2
d) 4
Answer: b
Explanation: i=115/25.
shaft angle for opposite hand of helix if helix angle of two gears are 20⁰ and 17⁰.
a) 17⁰
b) 20⁰
c) 37⁰
d) 3⁰
Answer: d
Explanation: For same hand of helix, shaft angle=difference of helix angles of two gears.
1. There are ____ standard systems for the shape of gear teeth.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: c
Explanation: 14.5⁰ full depth involute system, 20⁰ full depth involute system and 20⁰ stub involute
system.
2. When the number of teeth reaches infinity, circle radius approaches infinity the gear becomes an
infinite loop.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: It becomes a rack with straight sided teeth.
3. Which of the following statements are not true?

a) Increasing pressure angle improves the tooth strength
b) Contact duration is decreased with increase in pressure angle
c) 20⁰ pressure angle has quieter operation then 14.5⁰
d) All of the statements are true
Answer: c
Explanation: Lower the pressure angle, quieter is the operation. Lower the pressure angle, lower is the
breadth of the tooth at root.
4. 20⁰ stub involute system have comparatively smaller interference.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: They have shorter addendum and shorter dedendum.
5. Which of the following have stronger teeth?
a) Stub teeth
b) Full depth teeth
c) Both have equal strength
Answer: a
Explanation: Smaller moment arm of bending force leads to stronger stub teeth.
6. As the module increases, index of size of gear decreases.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Module is the measure of size of index of the gear tooth.
7. Crowning is an abrasive process that debars the gear strength.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Crowningis used to strengthen the tooth.
8. Inaccuracies in tooth profile lead to concentration of pressure on the middle of tooth.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Inaccuracies lead to shift of pressure at the end of tooth which can be improved by
crowning.
9. A pair of spur gears consist of 25 teeth pinion meshing with a 115 teeth gear. The module is 5mm.
Calculate the centre distance.
a) 280mm
b) 269mm
c) 350mm
d) 305mm
Answer: c
Explanation: C = m(z(p)+z(g))/2.
C = 5(25 + 115)/2 => 700/2 => 350mm.
Calculate pitch circle diameter of the pinion.
a) 95mm
b) 105mm
c) 115mm
d) 125mm
Answer: d
Explanation: D = 5×25 = 125mm.
Calculate the pitch circle diameter of the gear.
a) Cannot be determined
b) 31mm
c) 475mm
d) 575mm
Answer: d
Explanation: D = 5×115 = 575mm.
Calculate the addendum.
a) None of the listed
b) 4.75mm
c) 5.25mm
d) 5mm
Answer: d
Explanation: H=m=5mm.
Calculate the dedendum.
a) 4.75mm
b) 5mm
c) 6.25mm
d) 6.68mm
Answer: c
Explanation: H = 1.25xm = 1.25x5mm = 6.25mm.
Calculate the tooth thickness.
a) 6.23mm
b) 5.44mm
c) 7.854mm
d) 8.16mm
Answer: c
Explanation: T = 1.5708xm = 1.5708x5mm = 7.854mm.
Calculate the bottom clearance.
b) 1.75mm
c) 2.5mm
d) 1.25mm
Answer: d
Explanation: C = 0.25m = 0.25x5mm = 1.25mm.
1. Among spur gear and helical gear, which has smooth engagement and thus lesser noise?
a) Helical Gears
b) Spur Gears
c) Both have equal noises
Answer: a
Explanation: There is a gradual pick up of load in helical gears and hence smooth operation.
2. There is same type of tooth meshing in helical and spur gear.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: In spur gears contact occurs along entire face width which leads to impact condition
while in helical contact begins from a single point and then there is gradual increase in load.
3. Among the normal module and transverse module, which one has greater value?
a) Normal Module
b) Transverse Module
c) Both have equal module
d) Insufficient information
Answer: b
Explanation: Normal Module=Transverse modulexCos(helix angle).
4. Below is a representation of a helical gear. Blue lines in the figure signify?
a) Pinion right handed helical teeth

b) Pinion left handed helical teeth
c) Both right and left handed
d) Symmetric helical teeth
Answer:a
Explanation: The lines are slopping downwards to the right side.
5. Below is a representation of a helical gear. Blue lines in the figure signify?
a) Pinion right handed helical teeth

b) Pinion left handed helical teeth
c) Both right and left handed
d) Symmetric helical teeth
Answer: b
Explanation: The lines are slopping upwards to the right side.
6. A pair of parallel helical gears consist of 15 teeth pinion meshing with a 40 teeth gear. The helix
angle is 22⁰ and normal pressure angle 19⁰. The normal module is taken as 4mm. Calculate the
transverse module.
a) 4.3mm
b) 4.1mm
c) 3.9mm
d) 3.7mm
Answer: a
Explanation: m=4/Cos(22⁰).
angle is 22⁰ and normal pressure angle 19⁰. The normal module is taken as 4mm. Calculate the
transverse pressure angle in degrees.
a) 17.9
b) 20.4
c) 19.6
d) 18.4
Answer: b
Explanation: tanᾰ=tan(19⁰)/Cos(22⁰).
angle is 22⁰ and normal pressure angle 19⁰. The normal module is taken as 4mm. Calculate the axial
pitch.
b) 34.2mm
c) 33.4mm
d) 29.6mm
Answer: c
Explanation: p=πx(transverse module)/tan(22).
angle is 22⁰ and normal pressure angle 19⁰. The normal module is taken as 4mm. Calculate the pitch
circle diameter of pinion.
a) 64.7mm
b) 52.6mm
c) 56.6mm
d) 68.8mm
Answer: a
Explanation: d=zxm/Cos(22).
angle is 22⁰ and normal pressure angle 19⁰. The normal module is taken as 4mm. Calculate the pitch
circle diameter of the gear.
a) 172.6mm
b) 142.6mm
c) 180.3mm
d) 202.4mm
Answer: a
Explanation: d=zxm/Cos(22).
angle is 22⁰ and normal pressure angle 19⁰. The normal module is taken as 4mm. Calculate the centre
distance.
a) 125.4mm
b) 132.6mm
c) 118.65mm
d) 145.4mm
Answer: c
Explanation: C=Sum of diameter of pinion and gear/2.
angle is 22⁰ and normal pressure angle 19⁰. The normal module is taken as 4mm. Calculate addendum
circle diameter of the pinion.
a) 59.2mm
b) 72.7mm
c) 65.4mm
Answer: b
Explanation: D(a)=m[z/Cos(22) + 2].
14. The direction of tangential component for a driving gear is same to the direction of rotation.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The direction is opposite and not same.
15. If tangential component of force on tooth is 200N and helix angle is 25⁰, calculate the axial
component of the force.
a) 200N
b) 302.5N
c) 93.26N
d) 215.6N
Answer: c
Explanation: P(a)=200xtan(25).
1. Lewis form factor is based on real number of teeth.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: It is based on virtual umber of teeth only.
2. Beam strength indicates the maximum value of radial force that a tooth can transmit without fatigue
failure.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: It indicates maximum force for bending failure and not fatigue failure.
3. A pair of helical gears consist of 25 teeth pinion gear meshing with a 90 teeth gear. Calculate the
ratio factor.
a) 0.74
b) 0.88
c) 1.57
d) 1.44
Answer: c
Explanation: Ratio factor Q=2×90/90+25.
material constant k If surface hardness is 260BHN.
a) 0.64N/mm²
b) 0.88N/mm²
c) 1.08N/mm²
d) 2.66N/mm²
Answer: c
Explanation: K=0.16x[BHN/100]².
wear strength If surface hardness is 260BHN. Also face width=35mm, module=4mm and helix
angle=25⁰.
a) 443.5N
b) 1125.6N
c) 7971.9N
d) 1014.2N
Answer: c
Explanation: S=bQdK/cos²Ɯ where Ɯ=25⁰, d=zm/cosƜ, Q=2×90/90+25, K=0.16x[BHN/100]².
tangential force If surface hardness is 260BHN. Also face width=35mm, module=4mm and helix
angle=25⁰. The velocity of operation is 3.5m/s and service factor 1.5.
a) 1136.5N
b) 3983.7
c) 2012.6N
d) 3226.5N
Answer: b
Explanation: S=1.5xP/C where C=5.6/5.6+√v and S=bQdK/cos²Ɯ where Ɯ=25⁰, d=zm/cosƜ,
Q=2×90/90+25, K=0.16x[BHN/100]².
7. Which of the following is herringbone gear?

a) Left one
b) Right one
c) Both
d) None
Answer: a
Explanation: Herringbone gear is without any groove.
8. The net axial force acting on bearing is zero in case of double helical gears while none zero in case
of herringbone gears.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: It is zero in both the cases.
9. Helix angle of herringbone and double helical gears is relatively higher.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: There is no thrust force and hence higher angles are permitted.
10. A herringbone speed reducer consist of 20 teeth pinion driving a 100 teeth gear. The normal
module of gear is 2mm. The face width of each half is 30mm and Lewis factor is 0.4. If permissible
bending stress is 500N/mm², then calculate the beam strength.
a) 15000N
b) 12000N
c) 8000N
d) 10000N
Answer: b
Explanation: S=mbσY.
module of gear is 2mm. The face width of each half is 30mm and Lewis factor is 0.4. Calculate the
ratio factor Q.
a) 1.2
b) 1.4
c) 1.7
d) 1.4
Answer: c
Explanation: Q=2×100/100+20.
module of gear is 2mm. The face width of each half is 30mm and Lewis factor is 0.4. Calculate the
material constant K if surface hardness is 400BHN.
a) 1.25 N/mm²
b) 4.05 N/mm²
c) 3.25N/mm²
d) 2.56N/mm
Answer: c
13. Helical gears mounted on parallel shafts are called crossed helical gears.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Crossed helical gears are the helical gears mounted on non-parallel shafts.
14. Crossed helical gears have very low load carrying capacity.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: There is point contact and hence very less area and thus wear is comparatively rapid.
15. Calculate the shaft angle for same hand of helix if helix angle of two gears are 20⁰ and 17⁰.
a) 17⁰
b) 20⁰
c) 37⁰
d) 3⁰
Answer: c
Explanation: For same hand of helix, shaft angle=sum of helix angles of two gears.
1. There are ____ common types of bevel gears.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b
Explanation: Spiral and straight.
2. Straight bevel gears are easy to design and manufacture and give reasonably good service with
quieter operation.
a) True
b) No, noise problem
c) No, vibration problem
Answer: b
Explanation: They produce a lot of noise while working.
3. Which of the following creates smoother motion?

a) Straight bevel gears
b) Spiral bevel gears
c) Equal for straight and spiral
Answer: b
Explanation: Spiral bevel gear has smooth engagement which results in quieter operation.
4. When the pitch angle is greater than 90⁰, it is called external bevel gear.
a) True
b) Internal
c) Helical
d) Herringbone
Answer: b
Explanation: For external bevel gear, pitch angle is less than 90⁰.
5. For crown bevel gear, pitch angle is

a) <90
b) =90
c) >90
Answer: b
Explanation: Crown gears are characterised by pitch angle of 90⁰.
6. If pitch angle is >90, the bevel gear is?

a) Internal
b) External
c) Crown
d) Static
Answer: a
Explanation: Nomenclature.
7. Miter gears are the bevel gears mounted on shaft which are intersecting at angle greater than 90.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The shafts which are intersecting at 90.
8. Crown gears having a pitch angle of 90⁰ are mounted on shafts intersecting at an angle
a) =90
b) <90
c) >90
Answer: c
Explanation: Application of crown gear according to its structure.
9. Which of the following are characteristics of skew bevel gears?

a) Straight teeth
b) Mounted on parallel shafts
c) Mounted on intersecting shafts
Answer: a
Explanation: They are used in non-parallel and non-intersecting shafts.
10. Hypoid gears are based on surfaces that are paraboloids of revolution.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: They are hyperboloids of revolution.
11. When two hyperboloids are rotated, the resulting motion is

a) Sliding
b) Turning
c) Combination of turning and sliding
d) Rotary
Answer: c
Explanation: There is turning as well as sliding motion.
12. In hypoid bevel gears, shafts may continue past each other.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Offset of the shaft is quite considerable in case of hypoid gears.
13. Hypoid gears have the following characteristics.

a) Curved teeth
b) Mounted on non -parallel non intersecting shafts
c) Efficiency of 97%
Answer: d
Explanation: It has curved teeth and are mounted on non-parallel non intersecting shafts with
efficiency of 96-98%.
14. Zerol gears are straight bevel gears with zero spiral angle.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: They happen to fall in the category of spiral bevel gears.
15. Zerol gears give lesser contact ratio.

a) True
b) No, larger contact ratio
c) Zero contact
Answer: b
Explanation: Zerol gears have more gradual contact and slighter larger contact ratio.
1. If pitch angle and addendum angles are 5⁰ and 12⁰ respectively, then face angle is equal to?
a) 17⁰
b) 7⁰
c) 5⁰
d) 12⁰
Answer: a
Explanation: Face angle=pitch angle+ addendum angle.
2. If pitch angle is 8⁰ and dedendum angle is 4⁰, then find root angle.
a) 12⁰
b) 4⁰
c) 8⁰
Answer: b
Explanation: Root angle=pitch angle-dedendum angle.
3. If back cone distance is 12mm and module at large end of the tooth is 4mm, then formative number
of teeth will be?
a) 3
b) 6
c) 4
d) 12
Answer: b
Explanation: Formative number=2r/m.
4. If back cone distance is 12mm and module at large end of the tooth is 4mm, and virtual number of
teeth is 12 then find the diameter of the tooth.
a) 5
b) 4
c) 3
d) 2
Answer: d
Explanation: 12/z = 2×12/4.
5. Calculate the cone distance of in a pair of bevel gears if pitch circle diameter of pinion and gear are
20mm and 24mm respectively.
a) 44mm
b) 22mm
c) 15.6mm
d) 20.2mm
Answer: c
Explanation: A=√(20/2)²+(24/2)².
6. Calculate the pitch angle if pitch circle diameter of the pinion and gear are 150mm and 210mm.
a) 28.14⁰
b) 35.54⁰
c) 36.22⁰
d) 63.22⁰
Answer: b
Explanation: tanϒ=D(p)/D(g)=150/210.
7. Calculate the radius of pinion at midpoint along the face width if PCD of pinion is 150mm and of
gear is 210mm. Also face width of the tooth is 35mm.
a) 56.35mm
b) 64.83mm
c) 66.57mm
d) 58.69mm
Answer: b
Explanation: r=(Dp/2)-(bsinϒ/2).
8. Calculate the tangential component of gear tooth force if power transmitted is 6kW and diameters of
pinion and gear are 150mm and 210 mm with face width of tooth being 35mm. Power is transmitted at
3000rpm.
a) 1668N
b) 2946N
c) 3000N
d) 3326N
Answer: b
Explanation: P=M/r. r=(Dp/2)-(bsinϒ/2) where ϒ is ptch angle and is calculated by
tanϒ=D(p)/D(g)=150/210.
9. Calculate the radial component of gear tooth force if power transmitted is 6kW and diameters of
3000rpm. Also pressure angle is 20⁰.
a) 996.6N
b) 332.6N
c) 489.2N
d) 739.2N
Answer: d
Explanation: P radial=P tangential x[tan20 Cos ϒ].
10. Calculate the axial component of gear tooth force if power transmitted is 6kW and diameters of
3000rpm. Also pressure angle is 20⁰.
a) 660.05N
b) 528.06N
c) 448.21N
d) 886.6N
Answer: b
Explanation: P radial=P tangential x[tan20 Sin ϒ].
11. The pinion of a face gear is a

a) Spur gear
b) Helical gear
c) Either spur or helical
Answer: c
Explanation: Face gear consist of a spur or helical gear mating with a conjugate gear of disk form.
1. Lewis equation is used to obtain ____ strength of bevel gears.

a) Beam
b) Abrasive
c) Wear
d) Corrosive
Answer: a
Explanation: According to Lewis equation, Beam strength=product of module, face width of elemental
section, permissible bending stress and Lewis form factor.
2. Beam strength of the bevel gear is independent of the cone distance.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: In other form S=mbσY[1- b/A] where A= cone distance.
3. Beam strength indicates the maximum value of the ___________ force at the large end of the tooth
that the tooth can transmit without bending.
a) Tangential
b) Radial
c) Axial
Answer: a
Explanation: Beam strength is analysed by using the pitch radius at the larger end of the tooth.
4. Wear strength of the bevel gear can be calculated by using ________ equation.
a) Buckingham
b) Lewis
c) Newtonian
d) Rayleigh
Answer: a
Explanation: Bevel gear is considered to be equivalent to a formative spur gear in a plane which is
perpendicular to the large end and hence Buckingham equation is applied.
5. If back cone distance is 10mm, then pitch circle diameter of the formative pinion is given by?
a) 10mm
b) 20mm
c) 5mm
d) 10√2 mm
Answer: b
Explanation: PCD=2xr.
6. The wear strength indicates the maximum value of radial force at the large end of the tooth that the
tooth can transmit without pitting failure.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: It indicates the maximum value of tangential force.
7. If velocity is 5m/s, then velocity factor for a cut teeth is

a) 0.55
b) 0.66
c) 1.55
d) 1.66
Answer: a
Explanation: C=6/6+v.
8. If velocity is 5m/s, then velocity factor for generated teeth is

a) 0.71
b) 1.1
c) 0.9
d) 1.71
Answer: a
Explanation: C=5.6/5.6+√v.
9. Calculate the ratio factor Q if a pair of bevel gear consist of 25 teeth pinion meshing with a 40 teeth
gear.
a) 1.964
b) 1.438
c) 1.554
d) 0.998
Answer: b
Explanation: tanϒ=25/40 or ϒ=32⁰. Q=2×40/ [40+25xtan(32)].
10. If surface hardness for a par of bevel gears is 400BHN, then material constant is
a) 3N/mm²
b) 2.56N/mm²
c) 0.98N/mm²
d) 1.44N/mm²
Answer: b
11. Calculate the wear strength for a pair of bevel gears having face width=20mm, module=5mm, No
of teeth on pinion and gear 25 and 40 respectively and PCD of pinion=75mm.
a) 3668.5N
b) 4884.5N
c) 5126.6N
d) 4117.3N
Answer: b
Explanation: S=0.75xbxQxDxK/Cos ϒ. Tan ϒ=25/40 or ϒ=32⁰. Q=2×40/ [40+25xtan(32)]
K=0.16x[BHN/100]².
12. If service factor is 1.4 & tangential ad dynamic load is 1180N and 1500N respectively, then
calculate the effective load.
a) 3662N
b) 2889N
c) 3152N
d) 2236N
Answer: c
Explanation: Effective load=1.4×1180 + 1500.
1. Worm gear drives are used to transmit power between two non-intersecting shafts which are
generally at right angles to each other.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: This is how the worm gear design fits into use.
2. The worm and worm wheel both are threaded screw.

a) True
b) Worm wheel is a toothed gear
c) Worm is a toothed gear
Answer: b
Explanation: Worm wheel is a toothed gear.
3. Which of the following is not true about worm gears?

a) Compact
b) Smooth and silent operation
c) Low speed reduction
d) All the mentioned are true
Answer: c
Explanation: Speed reduction can be high up to 100:1.
4. Is it possible to use worm gears in cranes for lifting purpose?

a) True
b) No self-locking and hence not possible
c) Possible up to a threshold load
Answer: a
Explanation: Worm gears support self-locking operation and hence are advantageous to use in lifting
operations.
5. The power transmitting capacity of worm gears is high although efficiency is low.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Both power transmitting capacity and efficiency of worm gears are low.
6. Can worm gears be used in steering mechanism?

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: In steering mechanism, efficiency is of little importance but major requirement is of large
mechanical advantage.
7. The worm helix angle is the _____ of the worm lead angle.
a) Complement
b) Half
c) Double
d) Supplement
Answer: a
Explanation: Worm helix angle+worm lead angle=90⁰.
8. If worm helix angle is 30⁰, then worm should have at least ___ threads.
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 8
Answer: a
Explanation: The permissible helix angle is 6⁰ and hence there should be at least five threads i.e. 30/6.
9. A pair of worm gear is written as 2/40/12/6. Calculate the centre distance.

a) 40mm
b) 156mm
c) 200mm
d) 80mm
Answer: b
Explanation: C=m(q+z)/2 where m=6mm, q=12 and z=40.
10. A pair of worm gear is written as 2/40/12/6. Calculate the speed reduction.
a) 2
b) 20
c) 15
d) 6
Answer: b
Explanation: i=40/2.
11. A pair of worm gear is written as 2/40/12/6. Calculate the pitch circle diameter of worm wheel.
a) 72mm
b) 240mm
c) 260mm
d) 320mm
Answer: b
Explanation: d=mxz where m=6mm and z=40.
12. A pair of worm gear is written as 2/40/12/6. Calculate the throat diameter of the worm wheel.
a) 220.5mm
b) 246.4mm
c) 190.44mm
d) 251.7mm
Answer: d
Explanation: d(t)=m[z+4cosϒ-2] where ϒ=9.46⁰ is the lead angle. tanϒ=2/12, z=40 and m=6mm.
13. A pair of worm gear is written as 2/40/12/6. Calculate the root diameter of the worm wheel.
a) 186.22mm
b) 250.4mm
c) 225.6mm
d) 250.44mm
Answer: c
Explanation: d=m[z-2-0.4cosϒ] where ϒ=9.46⁰ is the lead angle. tanϒ=2/12, z=40 and m=6mm.
14. If tangential force on worm is 1500N, then axial force on worm wheel will be?
a) 1500N
b) 3000N
c) 1500√2 N
d) 750N
Answer: a
Explanation: P₂(axial)=P₁(tangential).
1. The gears used for parallel shaft arrangement are

a) mitre gear
b) face gear
c) spur gears on helical gears
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: c
Explanation: Bevel gears are the gears used for intersecting shaft arrangement.
The gears used for parallel shaft arrangement are spur gears on helical gears.
2. _____________ are the gears used for intersecting shaft arrangement.

a) bevel gears
b) beveloid gears
c) mitre gears
Answer: a
Explanation: Bevel gears are the gears used for intersecting shaft arrangement.
3. ________________ are gears used for skew arrangement.

a) spur gears on helical gears
b) helical, worm, or hypoid gears
c) mitre gears
Answer: b
Explanation: Helical, worm, or hypoid gears are gears used for skew arrangement.
Bevel gears are the gears used for intersecting shaft arrangement.
4. Bevel gears used for connecting intersecting shafts at 900 and having speed ratio 1 : 1 is known as
a) bevel gears
b) beveloid gears
c) mitre gears
Answer: c
Explanation: Bevel gears used for connecting intersecting shafts at 900 and having speed ratio 1 : 1 is
known as mitre gears.
Bevel gears with basic pressure angle of 200 with long and short addendums for ratios other than 1:1 to
avoid undercut pinions and to increase strength are gleason bevel gears.
5. Tapered involute gears which can couple intersecting shafts, skew shafts, and parallel shafts are
known as
a) bevel gears
b) beveloid gears
c) mitre gears
Answer: b
Explanation: Tapered involute gears which can couple intersecting shafts, skew shafts, and parallel
shafts are known as beveloid gears.
6. Gears having teeth cut on the rotating face plane of the gear and mate with standard involute spur
gears are known as
a) mitre gear
b) face gear
c) spur gears on helical gears
Answer: b
Explanation: Worm gears are used for obtaining large speed reduction between non-intersecting shafts
making an angle of 900 with each other.
Gears having teeth cut on the rotating face plane of the gear and mate with standard involute spur gears
are known as face gears.
7. ____________ gears are used for obtaining large speed reduction between non-intersecting shafts
a) worm gears
b) beveloid gears
c) mitre gears
Answer: a
Explanation: Worm gears are used for obtaining large speed reduction between non-intersecting shafts
Gears having teeth cut on the rotating face plane of the gear and mate with standard involute spur gears
are known as face gears.
8. Bevels connecting shafts other than 900 are

a) worm gears
b) angular bevel gears
c) mitre gears
Answer: b
Explanation: Bevels connecting non-intersecting shafts are skew bevel gears.
Bevels connecting shafts other than 900 are angular bevel gears.
9. Bevels connecting non-intersecting shafts are

a) skew bevel gears
c) mitre gears
Answer: a
Explanation: Bevels connecting non-intersecting shafts are skew bevel gears.
Bevels connecting shafts other than 900 are angular bevel gears.
10. Bevel gears with basic pressure angle of 200 with long and short addendums for ratios other than
1:1 to avoid undercut pinions and to increase strength are
a) skew bevel gears
c) gleason bevel gears
Answer: c
Explanation: Bevel gears used for connecting intersecting shafts at 900 and having speed ratio 1 : 1 is
known as mitre gears.
Bevel gears with basic pressure angle of 200 with long and short addendums for ratios other than 1:1 to
avoid undercut pinions and to increase strength are gleason bevel gears.
1. The mathematical form of the bevel tooth profile which closely resembles a spherical involute but is
fundamentally different is
a) crown
b) back cone
c) octoid
Answer: c
Explanation: Octoid is the mathematical form of the bevel tooth profile which closely resembles a
spherical involute but is fundamentally different is
The sharp corner orming the outside diameter is crown.
2. The angle formed between an element of the pitch cone and the bevel gear axis is
a) shaft angle
b) pitch angle
c) spiral angle
Answer: b
Explanation: The angle between the tooth trace and an element of the pitch cone, corresponding to
helix angle in helical gears is spiral angle.
The angle formed between an element of the pitch cone and the bevel gear axis is pitch angle.
3. The angle between the tooth trace and an element of the pitch cone, corresponding to helix angle in
helical gears is
a) shaft angle
b) pitch angle
c) spiral angle
Answer: c
Explanation: The angle between the tooth trace and an element of the pitch cone, corresponding to
helix angle in helical gears is spiral angle.
The angle formed between an element of the pitch cone and the bevel gear axis is pitch angle.
4. The diameter and plane of rotation surface or shaft centre which is used for locating the gear blank
during fabrication of the gear teeth is known as
a) crown
b) back cone
c) generating mounting surface
Answer: c
Explanation: The diameter and plane of rotation surface or shaft centre which is used for locating the
gear blank during fabrication of the gear teeth is known as generating mounting surface.
5. The sharp corner orming the outside diameter is

a) crown
b) back cone
c) octoid
Answer: a
Explanation: The sharp corner orming the outside diameter is crown.
The length of teeth along the cone distance is face width.
6. The angle between elements of the face cone and pitch cone is
a) addendum angle
b) pitch angle
c) spiral angle
Answer: a
Explanation: The angle between mating bevel gear axes, also the sum of the two pitch angles is spiral
angle.
The angle between elements of the face cone and pitch cone is addendum angle.
7. The angle between mating bevel gear axes, also the sum of the two pitch angles is
a) shaft angle
b) pitch angle
c) spiral angle
Answer: c
Explanation: The angle between mating bevel gear axes, also the sum of the two pitch angles is spiral
angle.
The angle between elements of the face cone and pitch cone is addendum angle.
8. The length of teeth along the cone distance is

a) crown
b) face width
c) octoid
Answer: b
Explanation: The length of teeth along the cone distance is face width.
The sharp corner orming the outside diameter is crown.
9. The angle of a cone whose elements are tangent to a sphere containing a trace of the pitch circle is
a) crown
b) back cone
c) octoid
Answer: b
Explanation: The angle between elements of the root cone and pitch cone is dedendum angle.
The angle of a cone whose elements are tangent to a sphere containing a trace of the pitch circle is
back cone.
10. The angle between elements of the root cone and pitch cone is
a) addendum angle
b) dedendum angle
c) spiral angle
Answer: b
Explanation: The angle between elements of the root cone and pitch cone is dedendum angle.
The angle of a cone whose elements are tangent to a sphere containing a trace of the pitch circle is
back cone
1. Radial distance between the pitch circle and the top of the tooth is known as
a) pitch
b) addendum
c) base circle
Answer: b
Explanation: The circle from which an involute curve is generated is known as base circle.
Radial distance between the pitch circle and the top of the tooth is known as addendum.
2. The circle from which an involute curve is generated is known as

a) pitch
b) addendum
c) base circle
Answer: c
3. Length of the arc of the pitch circle between the centres or other corresponding points of adjacent
teeth is known as
a) pitch
b) circular pitch
c) base circle
Answer: b
Explanation: Length of the arc of the pitch circle between the centres or other corresponding points of
adjacent teeth is known as circular pitch.
The circle from which an involute curve is generated is known as base circle.
4. The curve formed by the point on a circle as it rolls along a straight line is known as
a) cycloid
b) addendum
c) base circle
Answer: a
Explanation: Length of the arc of the pitch circle between the centres or other corresponding points of
adjacent teeth is known as circular pitch.
The circle from which an involute curve is generated is known as base circle.
The curve formed by the point on a circle as it rolls along a straight line is known as cycloid.
5. That surface of the tooth which is between the pitch circle and the top of the tooth is known as
a) cycloid
b) addendum
c) face of tooth
Answer: c
The curve formed by the point on a circle as it rolls along a straight line is known as cycloid.
That surface of the tooth which is between the pitch circle and the top of the tooth is known as face of
tooth.
6. The distance between similar, equally spaced tooth surfaces, in a given direction and along a given
curve or line is known as
a) pitch
b) addendum
c) base circle
Answer: a
Explanation: The curve formed by the point on a circle as it rolls along a straight line is known as
cycloid.
That surface of the tooth which is between the pitch circle and the top of the tooth is known as face of
tooth.
The distance between similar, equally spaced tooth surfaces, in a given direction and along a given
curve or line is known as pitch.
7. The angle between a tooth profile and a radial line at its pitch point is known as
a) pressure angle
b) dedendum angle
c) spiral angle
Answer: a
Explanation: The angle subtended at the centre of a base circle from the origin of an involute to the
point of tangency of the generatrix from any point on the same involute is known as roll angle.
The angle between a tooth profile and a radial line at its pitch point is known as pressure angle.
8. The angle subtended at the centre of a base circle from the origin of an involute to the point of
tangency of the generatrix from any point on the same involute is known as
a) pressure angle
b) dedendum angle
c) roll angle
Answer: c
9. Surface of the gear between the fillets of adjacent teeth is known as

a) cycloid
b) addendum
c) bottom land
Answer: c
Explanation: Surface of the gear between the fillets of adjacent teeth is known as bottom land.
10. The angle, at the base cylinder of an involute gear, that the tooth makes with the gear axis is known
as
a) pressure angle
b) base helix angle
c) roll angle
Answer: b
The angle, at the base cylinder of an involute gear, that the tooth makes with the gear axis is known as
base helix angle.
1. Lewis equation for design of involute gear tooth predicts the dynamic load capacity of a cantilever
beam of uniform strength.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Lewis equation for design of involute gear tooth predicts the static load capacity of a
cantilever beam of uniform strength.
2. For a pair of gears in mesh, pressure angle and module must be different to satisfy the condition of
interchangeability and correct gearing.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: For a pair of gears in mesh, pressure angle and module must be same to satisfy the
condition of interchangeability and correct gearing.
3. In skew bevel gears, the axes are

a) non-parallel and non-intersecting, and teeth are curved
b) non-parallel and non-intersecting, and teeth are straight
c) intersecting, and teeth are curved and oblique
d) intersecting, and teeth are curved and can be ground
Answer: a
Explanation: Skew bevel gears imply non-parallel, non-intersecting and curved them.
4. In case the number of teeth on two bevel gears in mesh is 30 and 60 respectively, then the pitch cone
angle of the gear will be
a) tan-12
b) п/2 + tan-12
c) п/2 – tan-10.5
d) tan-10.5
Answer: d
Explanation: tanɸ = NP/NG
NP = No. of teeth of pinion
NG = No. of teeth of gear
ɸ = Pitch cone angle
ɸ = tan-1(30/60)
ɸ = tan-10.5.
5. Consider the following statements:

The axes of spiral bevel gear are non-parallel and intersecting.
1. The most common pressure angle for spiral bevel gear is 20o.
2. The most common spiral angle for spiral bevel gear is 35o.
3. Spiral bevel gears are generally interchangeable.
4. Spirals are noisy and recommended for low speeds of 10 m/s.
Which of the above statements are correct?

a) 1 and 4
b) 1 and 2
c) 2 and 3
d) 3 and 4
Answer: a
Explanation: Commonly used pressure angle is 20o, spiral gear operation is noisy hence recommended
for low speed operation.

In case of helical gears, teeth are cut at an angle to the axis of rotation of the gears.
1. Helix angle introduces another ratio called axial contact ratio.
2. Transverse contact ratio is equal to axial contact ratio in helical gears.
3. Large transverse contact ratio does not allow multiple teeth to share the load.
4. Large axial contact ratio will cause larger axial force component.
Which of the above statements are correct?

a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 4
d) 3 and 4
Answer: c
Explanation: Transverse contact ratio may not be equal to axial contact ratio. Larger contact ratio
means sharing of multiple teeth.
8. The use of straight or curved external gear teeth in mesh with internal teeth in gear and spline
couplings is specifically employed accommodate
a) torsional misalignment
b) parallel misalignment
c) angular misalignment
d) substantial axial movements between shafts
Answer: c
Explanation: Straight or curved external gear teeth are used to correct the angular misalignment.
9. A planetary gear train is gear train having

a) a relative motion of axes and the axis of at least one of the gears also moves relative to the frame
b) no relative motion of axes and no relative motion of axes with respect to the frame
c) no relative motion of axes and the axis of at least one of the gears also moves relative to the frame
d) a relative motion of axes and none of the axes of gears has relative motion with the frame
Answer: a
Explanation: Planetary gear train ensures the relative motion of at least one axis w.r.t. the frame.
10. The load on a gear tooth is 50 kN. If the gear is transmitting a torque of 6000 Nm, the diameter of
the gear is approximately
a) 0.5 m
b) 0.75 m
c) 1 m
d) 0.25 m
Answer: d
Explanation: T = w cosɸ x d/2
6000 = 50000 x 0.94 x d/2
d = 0.25 m
1. If the centre distance between a pair of spur gears in mesh is 240 mm and the pinion moves five
times faster than the gear, then the pitch circle diameters of pinion and gear respectively are
a) 40mm and 200 mm
b) 80mm and 400 mm
c) 60mm and 300 mm
d) 50mm and 250 mm
Answer: b
Explanation: rp + rg = 240
rp/rg = 5
rg = 200 mm, dg = 400 mm
rp = 40 mm, dp = 80 mm.
2. Pressure angle of involute gears does not exceed 250, since

a) this will lead to unwanted radial force
b) the number of teeth to avoid undercutting will be very high
c) no cutters are available
d) gear will become too small
Answer: a
Explanation: Pressure angle of involute gears does not exceed 250, since Gear is curved.
3. Worm and worm wheel drive can be reversible.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: If friction angle > lead angle we cannot determine whether drive is reversible or not.
4. Two involute gears are designed to mesh for a given centre distance and a given angular velocity
ratio (other than 1). During assembly, the centre distance has increased slightly. Then which of the
following changes occur?
(i) Velocity ratio changes
(ii) Pressure angle changes
(iii) Pitch circle diameter changes
(iv) Working depth changes
(v) Base circle radius changes
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 2, 3 and 4
c) 2 and 5
d) 3 and 5
Answer: b
Explanation: When Centre to centre distance increases then pressure angle, depth, pitch circle diameter
changes. Velocity ratio and base circle radius will remain same.
5. Which of the following statements are correct for mating gears with involute profiles?
(i) The pressure angle, from the start of the engagement to the end of the engagement, remains
constant.
(ii) The pressure angle is maximum at the beginning of the engagement, reduces to zero at pitch point,
starts decreasing and again becomes maximum at the end of the engagement.
(iii) The face and flank of the teeth are generated by a single curve and the normal to this curve at any
point is tangent to the base circle of the gear.
(iv) The centre distance for a pair of mating gears can be varied within limits without altering the
velocity ratio.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
a) 1, 3 and 4
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 4 only
d) 2,3 and 4
Answer: a
Explanation: The pressure angle varies only for cycloidal gears.
6. The velocity ratio in the case of the compound train of wheels is equal to
a) No. of teeth on first driver/No.of teeth on last follower
b) No. of teeth on last follower/No.of teeth on first driver
c) Product of teeth on the drivers/Product of teeth on the followers
d) Product of teeth on the followers/Product of teeth on the drivers
Answer: c
Explanation: In compound trains, velocity ratio = Product of teeth on the drivers/Product of teeth on
the followers.
7. Match list I with list II

List I List II
A. Compound train 1. Hart mechanism
B. Quick return mechanism 2. Coriolis force
C. Exact straight line motion 3. Transmission of motion around bends and corners
D. Approximate straight line motion 4. Watt mechanism
a) A-1,B-2,C-3,D-4
b) A-3,B-2,C-1,D-4
c) A-3,B-4,C-1,D-2
d) A-1,B-4,C-3,D-2
Answer: b
Explanation: Compound train – Transmission of motion around bends and corners
Quick return mechanism – Coriolis force
Exact straight line motion – Hart mechanism
Approximate straight line motion – Watt mechanism.

When two gears are meshing, the clearance is given by the
1. difference between dedendum of one gear and addendum of the mating gear.
2. difference between total and the working depth of a gear tooth.
3. distance between the bottom land of one gear and the top land of the mating gear.
4. difference between the radii of the base circle and the dedendum circle.
Which of these statements are correct?
a) 1,2 and 3
b) 2,3 and 4
c) 1,3 and 4
d) 1,2 and 4
Answer: d
Explanation: the clearance can be found by following points 1,2 and 4.
9. In a simple gear train, if the number of idler gears is odd, then the direction of motion of driven gear
will
a) be same as that of the driving gear
b) be opposite to that of the driving gear
c) depend upon the number of teeth on the driving gear
d) depend upon the total number of teeth on all gears of the train
Answer: a
Explanation: In case of odd number of gears in a simple gear train, then the direction of motion of
driven gear will be same as that of driving gear.
10. An epicyclic gear train has 3 shafts A,B and C. A is an input shaft running at 100 r.p.m. clockwise.
B is an output shaft running at 250 r.p.m. clockwise. Torque on a is 50 kNm. C is a fixed shaft. The
torque to fix C
a) is 20 kNm anticlockwise
b) is 30 kNm anticlockwise
c) is 30 kNm clockwise
d) cannot be determined as the data is insufficient
Answer: a
Explanation: TA ωA = TB ωB
50 x 100 = TB x 250
or, TB = 20 kNm
Torque on C will be same as on B but in inverse direction.
1. Gearing contact is which one of the following?

a) Sliding contact
b) Sliding contact, only rolling at pitch point
c) Rolling contact
d) Rolling and sliding at each point of contact
Answer: b
Explanation: When pair of teeth touch at the pitch point ,they have for the instant pure rolling action.
At any other position they have the sliding action.
2. An external gear with 60 teeth meshes with a pinion of 20 teeth, module being 6 mm. What is the
centre distance in mm?
a) 120
b) 180
c) 240
d) 300
Answer: c
Explanation: Centre distance in mm = m/2 (T1 + T2)
= 6/2 (60 + 20)
= 240 mm
3. Which one of the following is true for involute gears?

a) Interference is inherently absent
b) Variation in centre distance of shafts increases radial force
c) A convex flank is always in contact with concave flank
d) Pressure angle is constant throughout the teeth engagement
Answer: d
Explanation: For involute gears, the pressure angle is constant throughout the teeth engagement.
4. In involute gears the pressure angle is

a) Dependent on the size of teeth
b) dependent on the size of gears
c) Always constant
d) always variable
Answer: c
Explanation: The pressure angle is always constant in involute gears.

1. A stub tooth has a working depth larger than that of a full-depth tooth.
2. The path of contact for involute gears is an arc of a circle.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: d
Explanation: 1. A stub tooth has a working depth lower than that of a full-depth tooth.
2. The path of contact for involute gears is a line.
6. Consider the following statements regarding the choice of conjugate teeth for the profile of mating
gears:
1. They will transmit the desired motion
2. They are difficult to manufacture.
3. Standardisation is not possible
4. The cost of production is low.
Which of these statements are correct?
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 1, 2 and 4
c) 2, 3 and 4
d) 1, 3 and 4
Answer: a
Explanation: Cost of production of conjugate teeth, being difficult to manufacture is high.
7. Common contact ratio of a pair of spur pinion and gear is

a) Less than 1·0
b) Equal to 1
c) Between 2 and 3
d) Greater than 3
Answer: c
Explanation: The ratio of the length of arc of contact to the circular pitch is known as contact ratio i.e.
number of pairs of teeth in contact. The contact ratio for gears is greater than one. Contact ratio should
be at least 1.25. For maximum smoothness and quietness, the contact ratio should be between 1.50 and
2.00. High-speed applications should be designed with a face-contact ratio of 2.00 or higher for best
results.
8. In gears, interference takes place when

a) The tip of a tooth of a mating gear digs into the portion between base and root circles
b) Gears do not move smoothly in the absence of lubrication
c) Pitch of the gear is not same
d) gear teeth are undercut
Answer: a
Explanation: In gears, interference takes place when the tip of a tooth of a mating gear digs into the
portion between base .and root circle.
9. Consider the following characteristics:

1. Small interference
2. Strong tooth.
3. Low production cost
4. Gear with small number of teeth.
Those characteristics which are applicable to stub 20° involute system would include
a) 1 alone
b) 2, 3 and 4
c) 1, 2 and 3
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: b
Explanation: Involute system is very interference prone.
10. A spur gear transmits 10 kW at a pitch line velocity of 10 m/s; driving gear has a diameter of 1.0
m. Find the tangential force between the driver and the follower, and the transmitted torque
respectively.
a) 1 kN and 0.5 kN-m
b) 10 kN and 5 kN-m
c) 0.5 kN and 0.25 kN-m
d) 1 kN and 1 kN-m
Answer: a
Explanation: Power transmitted = Force × Velocity
Force = 10 x 103/10
= 1000 N/m
Torque Transmitted = Force x diameter/2
= 1000 x 1/2
= 500 N-m
= 0.5 kN-m
1. The tooth profile most commonly used in gear drives for power transmission is
a) A cycloid
b) An involute
c) An ellipse
d) A parabola
Answer: b
Explanation: It is due to easy manufacturing.
2. There are six gears A, B, C, D, E, F in a compound train. The numbers of teeth in the gears are 20,
60, 30, 80, 25 and 75 respectively. The ratio of the angular speeds of the driven (F) to the driver (A) of
the drive is
a) 1/24
b) 1/8
c) 4/15
d) 12
Answer: a
Explanation: The ratio of angular speeds of F to A = TA.TC.TE/TB.TD.TF
= 20 x 30 x 25/60 x 80 x 75
= 1/24.
3. A fixed gear having 100 teeth meshes with another gear having 25 teeth, the centre lines of both the
gears being joined by an arm so as to form an epicyclic gear train. The number of rotations made by
the smaller gear for one rotation of the arm is
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Answer: c
Explanation: Revolution of 25 teeth gear = 1 + T100/T25
= 1 + 100/25 =5.
4. Speed reduction in a gear box is achieved using a worm and worm wheel. The worm wheel has 30
teeth and a pitch diameter of 210 mm. If the pressure angle of the worm is 20o, what is the axial pitch
of the worm?
a) 7 mm
b) 22 mm
c) 14 mm
d) 63 mm
Answer: b
Explanation: m = 210/30 = 7
P = πm = 22/7 x 7
= 22 mm
Axial pitch = circular pitch of the worm wheel = πm.
5. A speed reducer unit consists of a double-threaded worm of pitch = 11 mm and a worm wheel of
pitch diameter = 84 mm. The ratio of the output torque to the input to rque is
a) 7·6
b) 12
c) 24
d) 42
Answer: a
Explanation: Output torque/Input torque = pitch diameter of worm wheel/ pitch of worm
= 84/11
= 7.6.
6. A pair of gears forms a rolling pair.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: In rolling pair one link rolls over another fixed link.
7. Spiral bevel gears designed to be used with an offset in their shafts are called ‘hypoid gears’
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The pitch surfaces of such gears are hyperboloids of revolution.
8. Gears with involute tooth profile transmit constant velocity ratios between shafts connected by them.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: For involute gears, the common normal at the point of contact between pairs of teeth
always passes through the pictch point.
9. In the case of spur gears, the mating teeth execute pure rolling motion with respect to each other
from the commencement of engagement to its termination.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The involute profiles of the mating teeth are conjugate profiles which obey the law of
gearing.
10. A pair of helical gears has fewer teeth in contact as compared to an equivalent pair of spur gears.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: In spur gears, the contact between meshing teeth occurs along the entire face width of the
tooth, resulting in a sudden application of the load which, in turn, results in impact conditions and
generates noise.
1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of involute gears?

a) Occurrence of interference
b) Non occurrence of interference
c) Pressure angle remains constant
d) Face and flank are generated by single curve
Answer: a
Explanation: The disadvantage of the involute teeth is that the interference occurs. This may be
avoided by altering the heights of addendum and dedendum of the mating teeth.
2. By changing the angle of obliquity of the teeth, interference can be avoided.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Interference can be avoided by changing the obliquity of the teeth or alternatively altering
the height of the addendum. Failure to do so will result in the occurrence of interference.
3. The phenomenon when the tip of tooth undercuts the root on its mating gear is known as _______
a) Involution
b) Interference
c) Cycloidal motion
d) Undercutting
Answer: a
Explanation: The phenomenon when the tip of tooth undercuts the root on its mating gear is known as
interference. This is generally observed in involute profiles.
4. In which of the following gears, interference occurs?

a) Cycloidal
b) Involute
c) Epi cycloidal
d) Hypo-cycloidal
Answer: b
Explanation: Interference occurs in involute gears which is one of its disadvantages amongst many
advantages. This happens when the pinion has a low number of teeth.
5. For the same pitch, which of the following statement is true?

a) Cycloidal gears are stronger than involute gears
b) Involute gears are stronger than cycloidal gears
c) Both cycloidal and Involute gears have equal strength
d) Cycloidal gears are stronger for lower pitch only
Answer: a
Explanation: Cycloidal teeth have wider flanks, as a consequence the cycloidal gears are stronger than
the involute gears, provided the pitch is the same. That is why cycloidal gears are used for cast teeth.
6. If the point of contact between the two teeth is always on the involute profiles of both the teeth, then
which of the phenomenon will occur?
a) Avoidance of interference
b) Occurrence of interference
c) Increase in length of path of contact
d) Increase in length of arc of contact
Answer: a
Explanation: The interference may only be avoided, if the point of contact between the two teeth is
always on the involute profiles of both the teeth.
7. Given,
Involute profile teeths of mating gear: 20 and 40
Pressure angle = 20°
module = 10mm
The constraint: The addendum on each wheel is to be made of such a length that the line of contact on
each side of the pitch point has half the maximum possible length.
Find the addendum height for the larger gear wheel in mm.
a) 6.5
b) 6
c) 6.8
d) 7
Answer: a
Explanation: r = m.t/2 = 100mm
R = 200mm
Using the constraint we find that
Ra = 206.5mm
Therefore
Addendum height = 6.5mm.
8. Given:
module = 10mm
Find the addendum height for the smaller gear wheel in mm.
a) 6.4
b) 6.2
c) 6.3
d) 6
Answer: b
R = 200mm
Using the constraint we find that
ra = 106.2mm
Therefore
Addendum height = 6.2mm.
9. Given:
module = 10mm
Find the length of path of contact in mm.
a) 56.4
b) 56.2
c) 56.3
d) 51.3
Answer: d
R = 200mm
We know that length of path of contact = (R+r)sinΦ/2
= 51.3mm.
10. Given:
module = 10mm
Find the length of arc of contact in mm.
a) 56.4
b) 54.6
c) 56.3
d) 51.3
Answer: b
R = 200mm
= 51.3mm
Arc of contact = length of path of contact / cosΦ
= 54.6mm.
11. Given:
module = 10mm
Find the contact ratio.
a) 1.23
b) 1.52
c) 1.74
d) 1.97
Answer: c
R = 200mm
= 51.3mm
Pitch = πx10 = 31.42
Contact ratio = length of path of contact/pitch
= 1.74.
1. Which of the following is a commonly used pressure angle in gears?

a) 20
b) 10
c) 12
d) 17
Answer: a
Explanation: The pressure angle is the angle between the tangent to the pitch circles and the line drawn
normal (perpendicular) to the surface of the gear teeth. It has a set of standard values which is accepted
globally, 20° is one of them.
2. Addendum circle of the gear wheel has the shortest radius.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Addendum circle of the gear wheel has the largest radius, the base circle has the smallest
radius. Addendum of the gear plays a vital role in determining whether interference will take place or
not.
3. Which of the following is true for Length of arc of contact?

a) Sum of Arc of recess and Arc of approach
b) Difference of arc of approach and arc of recess
c) Twice the arc of approach
d) Twice the arc of recess
Answer: a
Explanation: The arc of contact is given by the sum of Length of arc of approach and length of arc of
recess. Numerically it is the ratio of length of path of contact and the cosine of the pressure angle.
4. Which of the following is true for Length of path of contact?

a) Sum of path of recess and path of approach
b) Difference of path of approach and path of recess
c) Twice the arc of approach
d) Twice the path of recess
Answer: a
Explanation: The path of contact is given by the sum of Length of path of approach and length of path
of recess. Numerically it is dependent on pitch radius, addendum radius and the sine of pressure angle.
5. From the following data, find the addendum in mm:

Teeth on each wheel: 40
Pressure angle: 20°
Module: 6mm
Arc of contact/ pitch: 1.75
a) 6.12
b) 6.51
c) 6.61
d) 6.81
Answer: a
Explanation: Pc = πm = 18.85mm
Arc of contact = 1.75xp = 33mm
Length of path of contact = cosΦx Arc of contact
From another relation of length of path of contact we get
Ra = 126.12 mm
R = 120mm
Therefore addendum = 6.12mm.
6. From the following data:

Teeth on pinion: 30
Teeth on gear: 80
Module: 12mm
Addendum: 10mm
Find the length of path of contact in mm.
a) 52.3
b) 55.4
c) 53.2
d) 54.5
Answer: a
Explanation: R = mT/2 = 480mm
r = mt/2 = 180mm
Addendum radius of pinion = 190mm
Addendum radius of gear = 490mm
Using the relation for length of path of approach
We get path of approach = 27.3mm
Path of recess = 25mm
adding both we get total length of path of contact
= 52.3mm.

Teeth on pinion: 30
Teeth on gear: 80
Module: 12mm
Addendum: 10mm
Find the length of arc of contact in mm.
a) 52.333
b) 55.66
c) 53.22
d) 54.55
Answer: b
r = mt/2 = 180mm
= 52.3mm
Length of arc of contact = length of path of contact / cosΦ
= 55.66mm.
8. Maximum sliding velocity is the sum of angular velocities and its product with the length of path of
contact.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Maximum sliding velocity is the sum of angular velocities and its product with the length
of path of appraoch.
Vs = (ω2 + ω1)x(length of path of approach).

Teeth on pinion: 30
Teeth on gear: 80
Module: 12mm
Addendum: 10mm
Find the contact ratio.
a) 1.5
b) 1.75
c) 2
d) 1,33
Answer: b
r = mt/2 = 180mm
= 52.3mm
Length of arc of contact = length of path of contact / cosΦ
Contact ratio = Length of arc of contact/Pc
=1.75.
10. Find maximum sliding velocity in cm/s from the given data
addendum = 1 module = 5mm
Pitch line speed = 1.2m/s
Pressure angle of involute profile: 20 degrees
Tp = 20
Gear ratio = 2
a) 45.5
b) 46.8
c) 45.1
d) 47.2
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that
V = ω1r = ω2R
120/(mt/2) = ω1
ω1 = 24 rad/s
similarly
ω2 = 12 rad/s
Now maximum sliding velocity = (ω2 + ω1)x(length of path of approach)
= 455.4 mm/s
= 45.5 cm/s.

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1. The smaller and generally the driving gear of a pair of 2.

2. The distance measured along the circumference of the pitch

13. Arc of contact = ___________________ Complete the equation.

2. The formula to calculate path of contact is ______________________

4. What is the formula for the path of approach?

6. To avoid interference what is the maximum length of the path of approach?

2. Velocity of sliding at the pitch point = (ωp + ωg) x _____________

10. What is the formula for rolling velocity?

2. The contact ratio is the ratio of arc of contact to the ____________

4. What is the maximum value of the addendum of the pinion?

1. Identify the given gear.

Here, the distance p is called as circular pitch.

In the given figure, pn is the normal circular pitch.

3. Which is of these is an advantage of worm gear?

7. What is the velocity ratio of worm gears?

8. What is the centre distance for the worm gear?

9. What is the formula to calculate maximum efficiency of a worm gear?

2. Bevel gears are equivalent to rolling ________

6. Which of the gears has the highest contact ratio?

4. The two gears are said to have conjugate motion if

6. Gear drive don’t require precise alignment of shafts.

9. Herringbone gear can be used in

10. Bevel gears impose ____ loads on the shafts.

11. Which of the following are true for worm gears?

1. In cycloidal gears contact area is

2. Involute gears have greater contact area as compared to cycloidal gears.

3. Cycloidal teeth consist of

4. Pressure angle remains constant in case of involute profile.

5. Pressure angle is _____ in case of cycloidal teeth.

7. Velocity ratio and transmission ratio are the same thing.

8. Contact ratio is always

9. Product of diametric pitch and circular pitch is?

10. Diameteral pitch is 5, then calculate module of the gear.

3. A compound gear train consists of at least 3 shafts connected to each other.

7. Which of the following are true about epicyclic gear train?

8. Epicyclic gears are not generally recommended due to bulky construction.

1. Interference is caused by?

2. Interference can be removed by under cutting.

4. Undercutting is consider healthy for the tooth as it eliminates undercutting.

6. The amount of backlash depends on

3. Which of the following statements are not true?

4. 20⁰ stub involute system have comparatively smaller interference.

6. As the module increases, index of size of gear decreases.

7. Crowning is an abrasive process that debars the gear strength.

8. Inaccuracies in tooth profile lead to concentration of pressure on the middle of tooth.

4. Below is a representation of a helical gear. Blue lines in the figure signify?

a) Pinion right handed helical teeth

5. Below is a representation of a helical gear. Blue lines in the figure signify?

a) Pinion right handed helical teeth

1. Lewis form factor is based on real number of teeth.

7. Which of the following is herringbone gear?

9. Helix angle of herringbone and double helical gears is relatively higher.

1. There are ____ common types of bevel gears.

3. Which of the following creates smoother motion?

5. For crown bevel gear, pitch angle is

6. If pitch angle is >90, the bevel gear is?

9. Which of the following are characteristics of skew bevel gears?

11. When two hyperboloids are rotated, the resulting motion is

13. Hypoid gears have the following characteristics.

15. Zerol gears give lesser contact ratio.

11. The pinion of a face gear is a

1. Lewis equation is used to obtain ____ strength of bevel gears.

2. Beam strength of the bevel gear is independent of the cone distance.

7. If velocity is 5m/s, then velocity factor for a cut teeth is