Bio LP Week 8

Sacred Heart Academy of Pasig
M. Suarez Ave. (formerly Market Ave.), Maybunga Pasig City

SY 2020-2021
LP for SHS General Biology
Date: October 5, 2020 Date: October 8, 2020

I. Learning Outcomes I. Learning Outcomes
1.Summarize the four major groups of biological 1.Know the other types of organic and inorganic
macromolecules; compounds;
2.Identify the structure of a typical prokaryotic cell and a 2. Define the carbon exceptions and its impacts; and
eukaryotic cell; and 3. Show appreciation to the importance of knowledge
3. Appreciate the process molecules to maintain about molecules.
homeostasis.
II. Learning Content
II. Learning Content Topic: Other Inorganic and Organic Compounds; and
Carbon Dioxide: An Exemption to the Rule
Topic: Molecules of Life Resources: Exploring Life through Science, google
title of the book: LMS: Module
LMS: link of video:
link of video: not applicable media app: Youtube, email
media app: zoom, email Subject Integration: Reading and Writing Skills
Subject Integration: Appreciating uniqueness of life
III. Learning Procedure III. Learning Procedure
Approach: Synchronous Learning Approach: Asynchronous Learning
Method: Inductive Method Method: Assessment
A. Preparation
1. Apperception A. Preparatory Activity
● Prayer
Research and read the Other Inorganic Compounds and
● Attendance
● Recap Carbon Dioxide: An exception to the Rule in your book
2. Motivation
Explore Activity:
TEST YOURSELF Read in your book on page 173-178 some discussions.
The most common elements that make up organism are_
You may refer your answer to the picture below. II. EVALUATION.
__________________________________________________ General instruction: All of your output will be sent via
__________________________________________________ email: vidal.joshua@shap.edu.ph .
__________________________________________________ Please follow the below format in making your
activity:
SY 2020-2021
File: MS Word
Font type: Times New Roman
Font size: 12
Paper size: 8.5 x 11 (Letter size)
Deadline: October 9 not later than 6PM
Throwing of different ideas
3. Statement of Aims
The students will be asked to read the objectives of the
lesson.
B. Presentation
● CELLS
ACTIVITY
Cells
Often thought of as the smallest unit of a living
organism, a cell is made up of many even smaller parts, Research on the internet 10 examples of acidic and 10
each with its own function. Human cells vary in size, but examples of basic foods. Create a journal that
all are quite small. Even the largest, a fertilized egg, is composes of 3 paragraphs with 1000 words related to
too small to be seen with the naked eye. the basic and acidic foods. It could either be about The
Human cells have a surface membrane (called the cell Identification of Foods that are too basic and too acidic.
membrane) that holds the contents together. However,
this membrane is not just a sac. It has receptors that
identify the cell to other cells. The receptors also react to
5points will be equal to 100%
substances produced in the body and to drugs taken into
the body, selectively allowing these substances or drugs 4points will be equal to 95%
to enter and leave the cell (see Receptors on Cells).
Reactions that take place at the receptors often alter or 3points will be equal to 85%
control a cell's functions. An example of this is 2points will be equal to 75%
when insulin binds to receptors on the cell membrane to
maintain appropriate blood sugar levels and to allow 1point will be equal to 70%
glucose to enter cells.
Within the cell membrane are two major compartments: 0point will not be graded
INCLUDEPICTURE
● The cytoplasm
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● The nucleus
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Coherency No Has point Has point, exact, precise
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exact discussed topic

Organization No Attempted At least 2 errors in
of thought attempt to write but Subject verb agreement,
(grammar, misleading and at least 3 in
The cytoplasm contains structures that consume and punctuations) thoughts punctuations.
transform energy and perform the cell's functions. Uniqueness of No Has work, Not applicable
The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and the answer attempt no
similarities
structures that control cell division and reproduction. to answers
Mitochondria are tiny structures inside every cell that to other
provide the cell with energy. classmates.
C. Wrap-Up
Inside a Cell Using the generated item analysis, the teacher will
Although there are different types of cells, most cells review the result in order to decide whether
have the same components. A cell consists of a nucleus reinforcement is needed. The learner who failed to
and cytoplasm and is contained within the cell submit the assessment will be given a short narrative
membrane, which regulates what passes in and out. The feedback through email.
nucleus contains chromosomes, which are the cell's
genetic material, and a nucleolus, which produces
ribosomes. Ribosomes produce proteins, which are END OF CLASS
packaged by the Golgi apparatus so that they can leave
the cell. The cytoplasm consists of a fluid material and
organelles, which could be considered the cell's organs.
The endoplasmic reticulum transports materials within
the cell. Mitochondria generate energy for the cell's
activities. Lysosomes contain enzymes that can break
down particles entering the cell. Centrioles participate in
cell division.
The body is composed of many different types of

cells, each with its own structure and function. Some
types of cells include:
Blood cells, Muscle cells, Skin cells, Nerve cells,
Glandular cells
Some cells, such as blood cells, move freely in the

blood and are not attached to each other. Other
cells, such as muscle cells, are firmly attached to one
another.
Some cells, such as skin cells, divide and reproduce
quickly. Other cells, such as certain nerve cells, do
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Some cells, especially glandular cells, have as their

primary function the production of complex substances,
such as a hormone or an enzyme. For example, some
cells in the breast produce milk, some in the pancreas
produce insulin, some in the lining of the lungs produce
mucus, and some in the mouth produce saliva. Other
cells have primary functions that are not related to the
production of substances. For example, muscle cells
contract, allowing movement. Nerve cells generate and
conduct electrical impulses, allowing communication
between the central nervous system (brain and spinal
cord) and the rest of the body.
In addition to human cells, the human body has

microorganisms that live on the skin and in the airways,
mouth, and digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts
without causing any harm. The microorganisms that
usually occupy a particular body site are called the
resident flora, or the microbiome. Many resident flora are
actually helpful to people—for example, by helping them
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digest food or by preventing the growth of other, more

dangerous bacteria.
● The Molecules of Life

All the functional groups described in this chapter are
found in the organic molecules that are constantly
synthesized and destroyed by every living organism on
Earth. A detailed understanding of the reactions that
occur in living organisms is the goal of biochemistry,
which deals with a wide variety of organic structures and
reactions. The most abundant substances found in living
systems belong to four major classes: proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Here we briefly
describe the structure and some functions of these
biological molecules.
● Proteins
proteins as biologically active polymers formed from
amino acids linked together by amide bonds. In addition
to an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, each
amino acid contains a characteristic R group. In the
simplest amino acid, glycine, the R group is hydrogen (–
H), but in other naturally occurring amino acids, the R
group may be an alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group,
a carboxylic group, or an aryl group. The nature of the R
group determines the particular chemical properties of
each amino acid. all the amino acids found in proteins
except glycine are chiral compounds, which suggests that
their interactions with other chiral compounds are
selective. Some proteins, called enzymes, catalyze
biological reactions, whereas many others have
structural, contractile, or signaling functions. Because we
have described proteins previously, we will not discuss
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them further.
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are the
INCLUDEPICTURE
most abundant of the
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honey, and fruits all
MERGEFORMATINET
contain low-molecular-
mass carbohydrates that
are easily assimilated by
the human body. In
contrast, the walls of plant
cells and wood contain
high-molecular-mass
carbohydrates that we
cannot digest.
Once thought to be hydrates of carbon with the general

formula Cn(H2O)m, carbohydrates are actually
polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones (i.e.,
aldehydes or ketones with several –OH groups attached
to the parent hydrocarbon). The simplest carbohydrates
consist of unbranched chains of three to eight carbon
atoms: one carbon atom is part of a carbonyl group, and
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some or all of the others are bonded to hydroxyl groups.

The structure of a carbohydrate can be drawn either as a
hydrocarbon chain, using a Fischer projection, or as a
ring, using a Haworth projection.
The Haworth projection is named after the British

chemist Sir Walter Norman Haworth, who was awarded
a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1937 for his discovery that
sugars exist mainly in their cyclic forms, as well as for
his collaboration on the synthesis of vitamin C. The
cyclic form is the product of nucleophilic attack by the
oxygen of a hydroxyl group on the electrophilic carbon
of the carbonyl group within the same molecule,
producing a stable ring structure composed of five or six
carbons that minimizes bond strain.
The substituents on the right side of the carbon chain in a

Fischer projection are in the “down” position in the
corresponding Haworth projection. Attack by the
hydroxyl group on either side of the carbonyl group leads
to the formation of two cyclic forms, called anomers: an
α form, with the –OH in the “down” position, and a β
form, with the –OH in the “up” position.
Walter Norman Haworth (1883–1950)

At age 14, Walter Norman Haworth left school to
join his father to learn linoleum design and
manufacturing, but he became interested in
chemistry through his use of dyes. Private tutoring
enabled him to pass the entrance exam of the
University of Manchester, where he received his
doctorate in 1911. During World War I, Haworth
organized the laboratories at St. Andrews for the
production of chemicals and drugs, returning to the
investigation of carbohydrates after the war.
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Fischer Projection and

Haworth Projection of
Glucose
In solution, simple sugars exist predominantly in the ring

form, the product of nucleophilic attack by the oxygen of a
hydroxyl group on the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl
group. The α and β forms, called anomers, differ in the
configuration at C1.
Carbohydrates are classified according to the number of

single saccharide, or sugar, units they contain (from the
Latin saccharum, meaning “sugar”). The simplest are
monosaccharides; a disaccharide consists of two linked
monosaccharide units; a trisaccharide has three linked
monosaccharide units; and so forth. Glucose is a
monosaccharide, and sucrose (common table sugar) is a
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disaccharide. The hydrolysis of sucrose produces glucose

and another monosaccharide, fructose, in a reaction
catalyzed by an enzyme or by acid:
Polysaccharides hydrolyze to produce more than 10

monosaccharide units.
The common monosaccharides contain several chiral
carbons and exist in several isomeric forms. One
isomer of glucose, for example, is galactose, which
differs from glucose in the position of the –OH bond
at carbon-4:
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Because carbons-2, -3, -4, and -5 of glucose are chiral,

changing the position of the –OH on carbon-4 does not
produce an enantiomer of glucose but a different
compound, galactose, with distinct physical and chemical
properties. Galactose is a hydrolysis product of lactose, a
disaccharide found in milk. People who suffer from
galactosemia lack the enzyme needed to convert galactose
to glucose, which is then metabolized to CO2 and H2O,
releasing energy. Galactose accumulates in their blood and
tissues, leading to mental retardation, cataracts, and
cirrhosis of the liver.
Because carbohydrates have a carbonyl functional

group and several hydroxyl groups, they can
undergo a variety of biochemically important
reactions. The carbonyl group, for example, can be
oxidized to form a carboxylic acid or reduced to
form an alcohol. The hydroxyl groups can undergo
substitution reactions, resulting in derivatives of the
original compound. One such derivative is
Sucralose, an artificial sweetener that is six times
sweeter than sucrose; it is made by replacing two of
the hydroxyl groups on sucrose with chlorine.
Carbohydrates can also eliminate hydroxyl groups,
producing alkenes.
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A single sugar molecule is known as a monosaccharide.

Two sugar molecules bonded together is a disaccharide
and many sugar molecules make a polysaccharide. The
three different types of carbohydrates are all important
for different reasons.
Carbohydrates are the most important sources of energy

for many organisms. Plants use the sun’s energy to
convert CO₂ into carbohydrates. The energy of these
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carbohydrates later allows plants to grow and reproduce.
Many organisms have what is known as a cell wall that

surrounds their cell. The cell walls of plants and fungi
are made from carbohydrates. Cell walls provide
important protection for the cells of plants and fungi.
● LIPIDS
Lipids are a highly variable group of molecules that

include fats, oils, waxes and some steroids. These
molecules are made mostly from chains of carbon and
hydrogen called fatty acids. Fatty acids bond to a range
of other types of atoms to form many different lipids.
Cells require lipids for a number of reasons. Probably the

most important role of lipids is the main component of
cell membranes. A type of lipid called a phospholipid is
the primary molecule found in the membranes of cells.
Other important functions lipids have include insulation

of heat, storing energy, protection and cellular
communication. The importance of these various
functions is why lipids are classed as one of the four
molecules of life.
Almost all lipids are insoluble in water. The structure of

lipid molecules means they are repelled by water. This is
why oils and fats form globules in water and why the
vinegar and oil of vinaigrette separate if the mixture is
left for a while.
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● NUCLEIC ACIDS
The final of the four molecules of life are the nucleic
acids. There are two types of nucleic acids that are
essential to all life. These are DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
DNA is a very well-known type of molecule that makes

up the genetic material of a cell. DNA is responsible for
carrying all the information an organism needs to
survive, grow and reproduce.
RNA is a lesser-known molecule but it

also plays an important role in cells.
RNA molecules are used to translate the
information stored in DNA molecules
and use the information to help build
proteins. Without RNA, the information
in DNA would be useless.
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Nucleic acids are long chains made from many smaller

molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made of
a sugar, a base and a phosphate group.
The two differences between DNA and RNA are their

sugars and their bases. DNA has a deoxyribose sugar
while RNA has a ribose sugar. DNA has four different
bases – adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and
cytosine (C). RNA has three of the same bases but the
thymine base is replaced with a base called uracil (U).
BEFORE YOU PROCEED
C. Abstraction
Students will be given a chance to answer this abrupt
question and answer.
Why is DNA called a blueprint of life?
D. Generalization
“What have you realized in this discussion? And how are

you going to use that realization in a real life situation?”
IV. ASSESSMENT:
The learners will do the activity as homework to be sent
via email: vidal.joshua@shap.edu.ph.
General Rule: Please follow the below format in making
your activity:
File: MS Word
Font size: 12
SY 2020-2021

Send it to our SHAP email.
Deadline: October 7, 2020 on or before 2PM.
TYPE OF FUNCTION MONOMER EXAMPLES

MOLECULE S
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS
PROTEIN
NUCLEIC ACID
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Coherency No attempt Has point Has point, exact, precise and anchored to
but not the discussed topic
exact
Organization No attempt Attempted At least 2 errors in Subject verb agreement,
of thought to write but and at least 3 in punctuations.
(grammar, misleading
punctuations thoughts
)
Uniqueness No attempt Has work, Not applicable
of answer no
similarities
to answers
to other
classmates.
END OF CLASS
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Date: Date:
I. Learning Outcomes
1. Differentiate organic from inorganic compounds;
2. Differentiate the types of chemical bounds; and
3. Appreciate the role of organic and inorganic
compounds.
II. Learning Content

Topic: Water and Other Inorganic compounds
Sub-topic:
title of the book:
LMS
link of video:
media app
Subject Integration: Appreciating the fun facts of organic
and inorganic compounds
III. Learning Procedure
Approach: Synchronous Learning
Method: Inductive Method
A. Preparation
1. Apperception
⮚ Prayer
⮚ Attendance
The students will be having an abrupt recap about the
previous topic
2. Motivation: NAME ME
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The students will be asked to define what is Organic and

Inorganic. According to their given definition they have
to give examples of organic and inorganic.
3. Statement of Aims
The students will be asked to read the objectives of the
lesson.
B. Presentation
● Water Molecule -- Chemical and Physical

Properties
Water is a chemical compound and

polar molecule, which is liquid at
standard temperature and pressure.
It has the chemical formula H2O,
meaning that one molecule of
water is composed of two
hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom. Water is found almost
everywhere on earth and is
required by all known life. About
70% of the Earth's surface is
covered by water. Water is known
to exist, in ice form, on several
other bodies in the solar system
and beyond, and proof that it exists
(or did exist) in liquid form
anywhere besides Earth would be
strong evidence of extraterrestrial
life.
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The solid state of water is known as ice; the gaseous state

is known as water vapor (or steam). The units of
temperature (formerly the degree Celsius and now the
Kelvin) are defined in terms of the triple point of water,
273.16 K (0.01 °C) and 611.2 Pa, the temperature and
pressure at which solid, liquid, and gaseous water coexist
in equilibrium. Water exhibits some very strange
behaviors, including the formation of states such as
vitreous ice, a noncrystalline (glassy), solid state of
water. At temperatures greater than 647 K and pressures
greater than 22.064 MPa, a collection of water molecules
assumes a supercritical condition, in which liquid-like
clusters float within a vapor-like phase.
● The dipolar nature of the water molecule
This relatively weak (relative to the covalent bonds

within the water molecule itself) attraction results in
physical properties such as a relatively high boiling
point, because a lot of heat energy is necessary to break
the hydrogen bonds between molecules. For example,
sulfur is the element below oxygen in the periodic table,
and its equivalent compound, hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
does not have hydrogen bonds, and though it has twice
the molecular weight of water, it is a gas at room
temperature. The extra bonding between water molecules
also gives liquid water a large specific heat capacity.
Hydrogen bonding also gives water molecules an

unusual behavior when freezing. Just like most other
materials, the liquid becomes denser with lowering
temperature. However, unlike most other materials, when
cooled to near freezing point, the presence of hydrogen
bonds means that the molecules, as they rearrange to
minimize their energy, form a structure that is actually of
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lower density: hence the solid form, ice, will float in

water. In other words, water expands as it freezes (most
other materials shrink on solidification). Liquid water
reaches its highest density at a temperature of 4 °C. This
has an interesting consequence for water life in winter.
Water chilled at the surface becomes denser and sinks,
forming convection currents that cool the whole water
body, but when the temperature of the lake water reaches
4°C, water on the surface, as it chills further, becomes
less dense, and stays as a surface layer which eventually
forms ice. Since downward convection of colder water is
blocked by the density change, any large body of water
frozen in winter will have the bulk of its water still liquid
at 4°C beneath the icy surface, allowing fish to survive.
This is one of the principal examples of finely-tuned
physical properties that support life on Earth that is used
as an argument for the anthropic principle.
● Structure of Water and Ice
Shown above is a side by side comparison of a box 10

Angstroms across. It clearly shows that ice takes up more
space because of the hydrogen bonding that occurs when
the state changes from liquid to solid. In ice Ih, each
water forms four hydrogen bonds with O---O distances
of 2.76 Angstroms to the nearest oxygen neighbor.
Because of ordered structure in ice there are less H20
molecules in a given space of volume.
● Water as a solvent
Water is also a good solvent due to its polarity. The
solvent properties of water are vital in biology, because
many biochemical reactions take place only within
aqueous solutions (e.g., reactions in the cytoplasm and
blood). In addition, water is used to transport biological
molecules.
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When an ionic or polar compound enters water, it is

surrounded by water molecules. The relatively small size
of water molecules typically allows many water
molecules to surround one molecule of solute. The
partially negative dipoles of the water are attracted to
positively charged components of the solute, and vice
versa for the positive dipoles.
In general, ionic and polar substances such as acids,

alcohols, and salts are easily soluble in water, and
nonpolar substances such as fats and oils are not.
Nonpolar molecules stay together in water because it is
energetically more favorable for the water molecules to
hydrogen bond to each other than to engage in van der
Waals interactions with nonpolar molecules.
An example of an ionic solute is table salt; the sodium

chloride, NaCl, separates into Na+ cations and Cl-
anions, each being surrounded by water molecules. The
ions are then easily transported away from their
crystalline lattice into solution. An example of a nonionic
solute is table sugar. The water dipoles hydrogen bond to
the dipolar regions of the sugar molecule and allow it to
be carried away into solution.
● Cohesion and surface tension

The strong hydrogen bonds give water a high
cohesiveness and, consequently, surface tension. This is
evident when small quantities of water are put onto a
nonsoluble surface and the water stays together as drops.
This feature is important when water is carried through
xylem up stems in plants; the strong intermolecular
attractions hold the water column together, and prevent
tension caused by transpiration pull. Other liquids with
lower surface tension would have a higher tendency to
"rip", forming vacuum or air pockets and rendering the
xylem vessel inoperative.
● Conductivity
The strong hydrogen bonds give water a high
cohesiveness and, consequently, surface tension. This is
evident when small quantities of water are put onto a
nonsoluble surface and the water stays together as drops.
This feature is important when water is carried through
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xylem up stems in plants; the strong intermolecular

attractions hold the water column together, and prevent
tension caused by transpiration pull.
● Electrolysis
Water can be split into its constituent elements, hydrogen
and oxygen, by passing a current through it. This process
is called electrolysis. Water molecules naturally
dissociate into H+ and OH- ions, which are pulled
toward the cathode and anode, respectively. At the
cathode, two H+ ions pick up electrons and form H2 gas.
At the anode, four OH- ions combine and release O2 gas,
molecular water, and four electrons. The gases produce
bubbles to the surface, where they can be collected.
● Reactivity
Chemically, water is amphoteric: able to act as an acid or
base. Occasionally the term hydroxic acid is used when
water acts as an acid in a chemical reaction. At a pH of 7
(neutral), the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) is
equal to that of the hydronium (H3O+) or hydrogen ions
(H+) ions. If the equilibrium is disturbed, the solution
becomes acidic (higher concentration of hydronium ions)
or basic (higher concentration of hydroxide ions).
Water can act as either an acid or a base in reactions.

According to the Brønsted-Lowry system, an acid is
defined as a species which donates a proton (an H+ ion)
in a reaction, and a base as one which receives a proton.
When reacting with a stronger acid, water acts as a base;
when reacting with a weaker acid, it acts as an acid. For
instance, it receives an H+ ion from HCl in the
equilibrium:
HCl + H2O ---> H3O+ + Cl-
Here water is acting as a base, by receiving an H+ ion.
An acid donates an H+ ion, and water can also do this,
such as in the reaction with ammonia, NH3:
NH3 + H2O ---> NH4+ + OH-
pH in Practice
In theory, pure water has a pH of 7. In practice, pure
water is very difficult to produce. Water left exposed to
air for any length of time will rapidly dissolve carbon
dioxide, forming a solution of carbonic acid, with a
limiting pH of ~5.7
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Purifying water
Purified water is needed for many industrial applications,
as well as for consumption. Humans require water that
does not contain too much salt or other impurities.
Common impurities include chemicals or harmful
bacteria. Some solutes are acceptable and even desirable
for perceived taste enhancement. Water that is suitable
for drinking is termed potable water.
Six popular methods for purifying water are:
1. Filtering: Water is passed through a sieve that

catches small particles. The tighter the mesh of
the sieve, the smaller the particles must be to pass
through. Filtering is not sufficient to completely
purify water, but it is often a necessary first step,
since such particles can interfere with the more
thorough purification methods.
2. Boiling: Water is heated to its boiling point long
enough to inactivate or kill microorganisms that
normally live in water at room temperature. In
areas where the water is "hard", (containing
dissolved calcium salts), boiling decomposes the
bicarbonate ion, resulting in some (but not all) of
the dissolved calcium being precipitated in the
form of calcium carbonate. This is the so-called
"fur" that builds up on kettle elements etc. in hard
water areas. With the exception of calcium,
boiling does not remove solutes of higher boiling
point than water, and in fact increases their
concentration (due to some water being lost as
vapour)
3. Carbon filtering: Charcoal, a form of carbon
with a high surface area due to its mode of
preparation, adsorbs many compounds, including
some toxic compounds. Water is passed through
activated charcoal to remove such contaminants.
This method is most commonly used in
household water filters and fish tanks. Household
filters for drinking water sometimes also contain
silver, trace amounts of silver ions having a
bactericidal effect.
4. Distilling: Distillation involves boiling the water
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to produce water vapour. The water vapour then

rises to a cooled surface where it can condense
back into a liquid and be collected. Because the
solutes are not normally vaporized, they remain
in the boiling solution. Even distillation does not
completely purify water, because of contaminants
with similar boiling points and droplets of
vaporized liquid carried with the steam. However,
99.9% pure water can be obtained by distillation.
Reverse osmosis: Mechanical pressure is applied to an

impure solution to force pure water through a
semipermeable membrane. The term is reverse osmosis,
because normal osmosis would result in pure water
moving in the other direction to dilute the impurities.
Reverse osmosis is theoretically the most thorough
method of large-scale water purification available,
although perfect semi-permeable membranes are difficult
to create. on exchange chromatography: In this case,
water is passed through a charged resin column that has
side chains that trap calcium, magnesium, and other
heavy metal ions. In many laboratories, this method of
purification has replaced distillation, as it provides a high
volume of very pure water more quickly and with less
energy use than other processes. Water purified in this
way is called deionized water.
● Wasting Water
Wasting water is the abuse of water, i.e. using it
unnecessarily. An example is the use of water,
particularly water purified to human safe drinking
standards, in unnecessary irrigation. Also, in homes,
water may be wasted if the toilet is flushed unnecessarily
or the tank leaks. Causing water to become polluted may
be the biggest single abuse of water. To the extent that a
pollutant limits other uses of the water, it becomes a
waste of the resource, regardless of benefits to the
polluter.
Mythology
Water is one of the four classical elements along with
fire, earth and air, and was regarded as the ylem, or basic
stuff of the universe. Water was considered cold and
moist. In the theory of the four bodily humours, water
was associated with phlegm. Water was also one of the
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Five Elements in Chinese Taoism, along with earth, fire,

wood, and metal.
C. Comparison and Abstraction
How do these organic and inorganic matter differ from

each other?
D. Generalization
Do you think knowing elements, molecules, and other
matters are necessary? Why do you say so?
IV. Assessment
HOME ACTIVITY
General Instruction: Please follow the below format in

making your activity:
File: MS Word
Font size: 12
Send it to our SHAP email.
Deadline October 9 not later than 6PM
I. Instruction: Critical Thinking Questions: answer in
3sentences. 5pts each
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Materials: Three containers; marker; equally distributed

of the following liquids: cooking oil, ethanol(alcohol),
and distilled water.
Take Note: You can also not follow
the 3mL volume of each solutions. As
long as you will record the volume
you wish to add, accordingly.
Procedure:
1. Label the containers A, B, C
2. Put 3mL of water and 3mL of oil in container A
3. Put 3mL of ethanol and 3mL of oil in container B
4. Put 3mL of water and 3mL of ethanol in
container C
5. Swirl each container to mix the contents and
allow the mixture in each container to sit for a
minute. Record your observations.
MIXTURE OBSERVATIONS
A Water + oil
B Ethanol + oil
SY 2020-2021
C Water +
ethanol
Question:
Polar molecules are soluble (i.e., dissolves) in water.

How does this show the polarity of molecules containing
the hydroxyl (--OH) group?
MY PERSONAL THEREFORE OF THE WHOLE

DISCUSSION:
SY 2020-2021
RUBRICS TO FOLLOW
Coherency No Has point Has point, exact, precise
attempt but not and anchored to the
exact discussed topic
Organizatio No Attempte At least 2 errors in
n of thought attempt d to write Subject verb agreement,
(grammar, but and at least 3 in
punctuation misleadin punctuations.
s) g
thoughts
Uniqueness No Has Not applicable
of answer attempt work, no
similaritie
s to
answers
to other
classmate
s.
END OF CLASS
SY 2020-2021

Bio LP Week 8

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Bio LP Week 8

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Sacred Heart Academy of Pasig

M. Suarez Ave. (formerly Market Ave.), Maybunga Pasig City

LP for SHS General Biology

Date: October 5, 2020 Date: October 8, 2020

LP for SHS General Biology

Throwing of different ideas

LP for SHS General Biology

exact discussed topic

The body is composed of many different types of

Some cells, such as blood cells, move freely in the

LP for SHS General Biology

Some cells, especially glandular cells, have as their

In addition to human cells, the human body has

LP for SHS General Biology

digest food or by preventing the growth of other, more

● The Molecules of Life

LP for SHS General Biology

Once thought to be hydrates of carbon with the general

LP for SHS General Biology

some or all of the others are bonded to hydroxyl groups.

The Haworth projection is named after the British

The substituents on the right side of the carbon chain in a

Walter Norman Haworth (1883–1950)

LP for SHS General Biology

Fischer Projection and

In solution, simple sugars exist predominantly in the ring

Carbohydrates are classified according to the number of

LP for SHS General Biology

disaccharide. The hydrolysis of sucrose produces glucose

Polysaccharides hydrolyze to produce more than 10

LP for SHS General Biology

Because carbons-2, -3, -4, and -5 of glucose are chiral,

Because carbohydrates have a carbonyl functional

LP for SHS General Biology

A single sugar molecule is known as a monosaccharide.

Carbohydrates are the most important sources of energy

LP for SHS General Biology

carbohydrates later allows plants to grow and reproduce.

Many organisms have what is known as a cell wall that

Lipids are a highly variable group of molecules that

Cells require lipids for a number of reasons. Probably the

Other important functions lipids have include insulation

Almost all lipids are insoluble in water. The structure of

LP for SHS General Biology

DNA is a very well-known type of molecule that makes

RNA is a lesser-known molecule but it

LP for SHS General Biology

Nucleic acids are long chains made from many smaller

The two differences between DNA and RNA are their

BEFORE YOU PROCEED

Why is DNA called a blueprint of life?

“What have you realized in this discussion? And how are

LP for SHS General Biology

Paper size: 8.5 x 11 (Letter size)

TYPE OF FUNCTION MONOMER EXAMPLES

LP for SHS General Biology

Description 0pt. 1pt. 2pts.

LP for SHS General Biology

II. Learning Content

LP for SHS General Biology

The students will be asked to define what is Organic and

● Water Molecule -- Chemical and Physical

Water is a chemical compound and