1)What fiber factors contribute in the mechanical performance of a composite?

a-length

b-orientation

c-shape

d-all of them

2)PMC stands for:

Polymer Matrix Composite

3) the most commonly used advanced composite

Polymer Matrix Composite

4) most common fibers used in advanced polymer composites are

Glass,graphite,kelvar

5) E-glass type fiber in used for

Electrical applications

6) the most common fiber cross sectional shape in

Circular

7) the definition of isotropic material means a material with

Same properties in all directions

8) the definitions of homogeneous materai means a material

Same properties from point to point

9) a typical example of thermoplastic is

Polyethylene (another ex. Polysterine,polyether-ether-

keton,thermosets;epoxies,polyesters,phenolics,polyomide)
10) macromechanical analysis of a lamina is based on average properties by considering the lamina
to be

Homogeneous

11) a general working definition of strain can be given as the

change in length to the original length (şıklar görünmüyordu bu olması lazım)

12) how many independent constants are there in the general stiffness matrix of a 3D anisotropic
material

21

13) an example of an isotropic material is

Steel

14) which of the following definition describes an otrhotropic material? A material with ………… of
material symmetry.

Three mutually perpendicular planes

15) the definition of stress

Load per unit area of the body

16) write four types of hybrid laminates

1- Interply hybrid laminates

2- Intraply hybrid composites

3- interply–intraply hybrid

4- Resin hybrid laminates

17) what are the drawbacks of polymer matrix composite

Low thermal resistance;

High coefficient of thermal expansion
low operating temperatures, high coefficients of thermal and moisture expansion,* and low
elastic properties in certain directions.
18) define the followings in short sentences

İsotropic body : An isotropic material has properties that are the same in all directions. For example,
the Young’s modulus of steel is the same in all directions.

Homogeneous body : A homogeneous body has properties that are the same at all points in the
body. A steel rod is an example of a homogeneous body. However, if one heats this rod at one end,
the temperature at various points on the rod would be different. Because Young’s modulus of steel
varies with temperature, one no longer has a homogeneous body. The body is still isotropic because
the properties at a particular point are still identical in all directions.

Micromechanics :

Lamina: A lamina (also called a ply or layer) is a single flat layer of unidirectional fibers or woven
fibers arranged in a matrix.

Laminate: A laminate is a stack of plies of composites. Each layer can be laid at various orientations
and can be made up of different material systems.

19 ) the stiffness and compliance matrix for an isotropic material can be calculated by knowing thw
following two material properties

Modulus of elasticity and poisition ratio

20) transformation of stresses at a point in coordinate system is another is dependent on

Angle between two coordinate systems

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

.q 1
What is a composite?
.
a. Recycled waste.
b. A chemical reaction.
c. The latest computer software.
d. A structural material consisting of two or more constituents.

.q 2
Advanced composites are
.
a. naturally found.
b. traditionally used in aerospace industries.
c. low performance composites.
.q 3
Composites are easy to repair.
.
a. True.
b. False.
2

.q 4
What fiber factors contribute to the mechanical performance of a composite?
.
a. Length.
b. Orientation.
c. Shape.
d. All of the above.
.

.q 5 0
PMC stands for:
.
a. Polymer Metal Composition.
b. Polymer Matrix Composite.
c. Polyethylene Metal Composition.
.

.q 6 0
The most common advanced composites are
.
a. Metal Matrix Composites.
b. Polymer Matrix Composites.
c. Ceramic Matrix Composites.
.

.q 7 0
The most common fibers used in advanced polymer composites are
.
a. glass, steel, and aluminum.
b. glass, graphite, and kelvar.
c. glass, steel, and kelvar.

.q 8 0
E-glass type fiber is used for
.
a. Electrical applications.
b. Environmental applications.
c. Evaporative applications.
.
.q 9 0
One of the major drawbacks of composites is
.
a. high cost of fabrication.
b. no body needs them.
c. they are extremely heavy.

.q 10 0
SMC stands for
.
a. Structural Metal Composite.
b. Strong Metal Composite.
c. Sheet Molding Compound.

.q 11 0
Annual growth of composites is at a steady rate of
.
a. 5 percent.
b. 10 percent.
c. 15 percent.
d. -15 percent.
.

.q 12 0
Reducing one pound of mass in a commercial aircraft can save up to how many gallons per year?
.
a. 50.
b. 350.
c. 3500.
d. 30000
.

.q 13 0
The material of the fiber directly influences the mechanical performance of a composite
.
a. True.
b. False.
.

.q 14 0
The most common fiber shape is
.
a. Rectangular.
b. Triangular.
c. Circular.
.
.q 15 0
The units of fracture toughness are
.
a. MPa-m.
b. MPa^0.5-m.
c. MPa-m^0.5.

.q 16 0
A typical range of carbon content in carbon fiber is
.
a. 93-95%.
b. 92-95%.
c. 93-94%.
d. 90-95%
.

.q 17 0
Graphite fibers have one of the following carbon content
.
a. 99%.
b. less than 99%.
c. more than 99%.
d. 98%.

.q 18 0
Thermoset plastic polymers have the following type of bonding
.
a. Covalent bond.
b. Vanderwaals bond.
c. Atomic bond.
d. none of the above
.

.q 19 0
Current service temperature limits for polymers reach
.
a. 750 degrees Fahrenheit.
b. 1750 degrees Fahrenheit.
c. 450 degrees Fahrenheit.
d. 350 degrees Fahrenheit
.

.q 20 0
Mechanical fasteners are made of what type of composite
.
a. Boron-Epoxy.
b. Graphite-Epoxy.
c. Carbon-Carbon.
d. All of the above.

.q 21 0
Isotropic means
.
a. a material with different properties in all directions.
b. a material with the same properties in all directions.
c. a material with elastic properties.
d. none of the above.
.

.q 22 0
Composite materials are
.
a. isotropic but not homogeneous.
b. homogeneous but not isotropic.
c. both homogeneous and isotropic.
d. neither homogeneous or isotropic.
.
.

.q 23 0
Anisotropic materials are
.
a. materials with different properties in all directions.
b. materials with the same properties in all directions.
c. materials with the same properties in two perpendicular directions.
d. none of the above.
.

.q 24 0
Inter-ply hybrid composites consist of
.
a. two or more different composite systems.
b. two or more different fibers used in the same ply.
c. both a and b.
d. none of the above.
.

.q 25 0
Aramid fibers are made up of
.
a. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Graphite.
b. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.
c. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen.
d. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen.

.q 26 0
A typical example of thermoplastics include
.
a. polyethylene.
b. polyesters.
 c. phenolics.
.

.q 27 0
Polymer matrix composites are manufactured in the automotive industry where short production
runs are necessary by
.
a. filament winding.
b. autoclave forming.
c. resin transfer molding.
d. none of the above.

.q 28 0
Which of the following composites are replacing metals in golf club shafts
.
a. Carbon-Carbon.
b. Graphite-Epoxy.
c. Boron-Epoxy.
d. none of the above.
.

.q 29 0
Which of the following is a drawback for phenolic resin systems
.
a. high cost.
b. low mechanical strength.
c. high void content.
d. brittleness.
.

.q 30 0
Bullet proof vests use
.
a. Kelvar.
b. Graphite.
c. Boron.
d. Glass.
.

.q 31 0
High performance applications in the aerospace industry use
.
a. Graphite.
b. Boron.
c. Kelvar 49.
d. Kelvar 29.

.q 32 0
Thermoset polymers show which of the following
a. Decompose on heating.
b. Soften on heating.
c. Harden on heating.
 d. none of the above.
.

.q 33 0
The performance indicator for buckling of a rod under a compressive load is
.
a. Young's modulus / density.
b. (Young's modulus ^ 0.5) / density.
c. (Young's modulus ^ 0.3333) / density.

.q 34 0
Specific modulus is given by
.
a. Square root of Young's modulus / density.
b. Strength / density.
c. Young's modulus / density.

.q 35 0
Glass fibers are made from
.
a. slice glass.
b. vapor deposition method.
c. graphite.
.

.q 36 0
Which polymer is not desirable for smoke emmision?
.
a. Phenolic.
b. Epoxy.
c. Polyester.
d. Polymide.
.

.q 37 0
Which polymer has the maximum strength?
.
a. Phenolic.
b. Epoxy.
c. Polyester.
d. Polymide.

.q 38 0
Which polymer has the highest service temperature?
.
a. Phenolic.
b. Epoxy.
c. Polyester.
d. Polymide.
.q 39 2
What do you think of this test?
.
.a 8 60

1)Composites can be classified based on

Matrix type 8 reinforcement constituent

2)Which of the following is not a laminar composite

Wood

3) the composite constituents of both matrix and reinforcements are softer

False

4) in sandwich composites, which og the following material can be used for filling purpose

Wood

Cement

polymer

All of the mentioned

5) which of the following have a greater impact on longitudinal strength of reinforced composite?

Fiber strength

6) which of the following may alter the mechanical properties of reinforced composite

Constituent properties

Fiber orientation

Fiber length

All of the mentioned

7) which of the following property can be enhanced by reinforcing an alluminium alloy

Wear resistance
8) which of the following is the correct size range of dispersoid in dispersion strength.. composite

0.01-0.1

9) which of the following is the correct dimensional of flake composite?

2 dimensional

10) fire point of composite is high

false

• Glass fibers are made from :A ) slice glass.

• Specific modulus is given by C ) Young's modulus / density.

• Out of these polymers, which one has the maximum strength? B ) Epoxy.

• Which of these polymer is least desirable for smoke emission? B ) Epoxy.

• The performance indicator for buckling of a rod under a compressive load is : B ) (Young's modulus
^ 0.5) / density.

• Out of the following, which polymer has the highest service temperature? D ) Polymide

• Bullet proof vests use ___________ fibers. A ) Kelvar

• Glass fibers are made from A ) slice glass.

• Nanocomposites consist of particles or fibers that are of at most this dimension or less? A )
0.0000001 m

• Thermoset polymers show which of the following traits. A ) Decompose on heating.

• What fiber factors contribute to the mechanical performance of a composite? D ) All of the above.

• Advanced composites are B ) those used traditionally in aerospace industries.

• The acronym SMC stands for C ) Sheet Molding Compound.

• The acronym PMC stands for B ) Polymer Matrix Composite

• One of the major drawbacks of adavanced composite materials is A ) their high cost of fabrication.

• E-glass type of fiber is used for A ) electrical applications.

• The most common advanced composites are B ) Polymer Matrix Composite

• What is a composite? D ) A structural material consisting of two or more constituents.

• The most common fibers used in advanced polymer composites are B ) glass, graphite, and kelvar

• Composites are easy to repair. B ) False

• Current service temperature limits for polymers reach A ) 750 degrees Fahrenheit.

• Graphite fibers have one of the following carbon content C ) more than 99%

• A typical range of carbon content in carbon fiber is A ) 93-95%.

• The material of the fiber directly influences the mechanical performance of a composite A ) True.

• Annual growth of composites is at a steady rate of B ) 10 percent.

• Thermoset plastic polymers have the following type of bonding A ) Covalent bond.

• Reducing one pound of mass in a commercial aircraft can save up to how many gallons per year? B
) 350.

• The units of fracture toughness are C ) MPa-m^0.5.

• Mechanical fasteners are made of what type of composite C ) Carbon-Carbon.

• The most common fiber shape is C ) Circular

• Composite materials are D ) neither homogeneous or isotropic.

• Anisotropic materials are materials with A ) different properties in all directions.

• Which of the following composites are replacing metals in golf club shafts? B ) Graphite/Epoxy.

• Bullet resistant vests mainly use the following fiber. D ) Kevlar

• An isotropic material is one with B ) same properties in all directions.

• A typical example of thermoplastics include A ) polyethylene.

• In the automotive industry where short production runs are necessary, polymer matrix composites
are manufactured by the process called C ) resin transfer molding.

• Aramid fibers are made up of the following elements B ) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitroge

• Which of the following is a drawback for phenolic resin systems? C ) high void content.

• Inter-ply hybrid composites consist of A ) two or more different composite systems

• Bullet proof vests use ___________ fibers. A ) Kelvar.

• Glass fibers are made from A ) slice glass.

• Out of the following, which polymer has the highest service temperature? D ) Polymide

• Nanocomposites consist of particles or fibers that are of at most this dimension or less? A )
0.0000001 m

• Specific modulus is given by C ) Young's modulus / density.

• Which of these polymer is least desirable for smoke emission? B ) Epoxy

. • Thermoset polymers show which of the following traits. A ) Decompose on heating.

• The performance indicator for buckling of a rod under a compressive load is B ) (Young's modulus ^
0.5) / density

• Out of these polymers, which one has the maximum strength? B ) Epoxy.

• Amongst the choices given below, high performance applications in the aerospace industry use A )
Kelvar 49.

• Macro-mechanical analysis of a lamina is based on average properties and by considering the

lamina to be: B ) Homogeneous.

• The stiffness of a unidirectional lamina is usually much larger in the direction: A ) of the fibers.

• Considering a body in equilibrium under various loads. The component of the stress normal to the
surface is called the normal stress and the stress parallel to the surface is called the: C ) Shear Stress.

• A general working definition of strain can be given as: D ) The change in length divided by the initial
length.

• If a part will not break due to stresses it experiences, do strains even need to be considered in the
design process? A ) Yes

• For a linearly elastic isotropic material undergoing small deformations the elastic modulus can be
used to relate: A ) Stress and Strain.

• How many independent constants are there in general stiffness and compliance matrices for an
anisotropic material? C ) 21

• It is incorrect to assume a composite material to be isotropic, so can you assume a composite to

behave linearly and elastic? A ) Yes

• An example of a monoclinic material is: B ) Feldspar

• Which of the following definitions describe an orthotropic material? B ) A material with three
mutually perpendicular planes of material symmetry

• The concept of strength ratio applies to D ) All of the above failure theories

• Failure in a material, according to the Tsai-Hill theory, is based on A ) distortion part of the strain
energy

• An example of an isotropic material is: D ) Aluminum.

• If the strength ratio is greater than one, a lamina is considered to: A ) be safe

• The stiffness and compliance matrix for an isotropic material can be calculated from knowing which
two material properties? A ) Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson Ratio.

• An assumption that must be made when using Hooke's Law for a two-dimensional unidirectional
lamina is: C ) There are no out-of-plane loads.

• The maximum stress and maximum strain failure theories give D ) same strength ratio if the mode
of failure is shear in both theories or if the major Poisson's ratio is zero
• Which failure theory is based on the total strain energy failure theory of Beltrami? C ) Tsai-Wu
Theory

• The number of independent elastic constants in a 3-D orthotropic material are? C ) 9

• The Tsai-Hill failure theory is a C ) Unified theory

• Transformation of stresses at a point in a coordinate system to another coordinate system is

dependent on C ) the angle of rotation between the coordinate systems..

• If the transverse Young's modulus of a unidirectional lamina is less than its longitudinal Young's
modulus, the major Poisson's ratio B ) is greater than the minor Poisson's ratio.

• A unidirectional lamina falls best under which of the following material categories? D ) Orthotropic
Material.

• The unit of thermal expansion in SI system of units is B ) m/m/C

• The compliance matrix of a material is A ) inverse of the stiffness matrix

• The definition of stress is B ) load per unit area

• To apply the Tsai Hill failure theory you must know B ) Local Stresses

• The unit of moisture concentration in SI system of units is B ) kg/kg

• The mode of failure cannot be found by using the C ) Tsai-Hill theory

• The units of coefficient of moisture expansion are A ) m/m/kg/kg

• A unidirectional lamina with a random, hexagonal or square arrangement best falls under the
category of _______ material.. A ) transversely isotropic

• Out of the unidirectional laminas below and for the same fiber volume fraction, which one
generally has the lowest shear modulus? A ) glass/epoxy

• An isotropic material has _____________ principal directions of symmetry. D ) infinite

• The number of constants in an orthotropic material is _______ C ) 9

• The number of independent elastic constants in an anisotropic material is ________. D ) 21

• Major Poisson's ratio is defined as D ) negative of transverse normal strain divided by longitudinal
normal strain with only longitudinal load applied.

• The number of independent constants in an isotropic material is __________. A ) 2

• The number of independent elastic constants in an monoclinic material is ___________. D ) 13

• Out of the unidirectional laminas below and for the same fiber volume fraction, which one
generally has the largest longitudinal Young's modulus? B ) boron/epoxy.

• The number of independent elastic constants in a transversely isotropic material is

______________. B ) 5