VCI 2022 conference

21/02/2022

The µ-RWELL-based preshower and muon

detectors of the IDEA detector concept

Paolo Giacomelli
INFN Bologna
on behalf of:
A. Amoroso, I. Balossino, G. Bencivenni, M. Bertani, V. Cafaro, G. Cibinetto, E. De Lucia,
D. Dominici, F. Evangelisti, R. Farinelli, G. Felici, M. Gatta, I. Garzia, M. Giovannetti, S.
Gramigna, L. Lavezzi, M. Melchiorri, G. Mezzadri, G. Morello, G. Papalino, M. Poli Lener, M.
Scodeggio and S. Sosio

paolo.giacomelli@bo.infn.it

 IDEA detector layout

◆ New, innovative, cost-effective concept

❑ Silicon vertex detector
❑ Short-drift, ultra-light wire chamber
❑ Dual-readout calorimeter
❑ Thin solenoid coil inside calorimeter
system
❑ Muon system made of 3 layers of µ-
RWELL detectors in the return yoke

https://pos.sissa.it/390/
Muon detector

Detector for circular lepton collider

21/02/2022 Preshower and muon detectors of IDEA - Paolo Giacomelli 2

 µ-RWELL technology
The µ-RWELL is composed of only two elements:
• µ-RWELL_PCB
• drift/cathode PCB defining the gas gap
µ-RWELL_PCB = amplification-stage ⊕ resistive stage
⊕ readout PCB
µ-RWELL operation:
• A charged particle ionises the gas between the two
detector elements
• Primary electrons drift towards the µ-RWELL_PCB
(anode) where they are multiplied, while ions drift to
the cathode
• The signal is induced capacitively, through the DLC
layer, to the readout PCB
• HV is applied between the Anode and Cathode PCB
electrodes
• HV is also applied to the copper layer on the top of
the kapton foil, providing the amplification field
(*) G. Bencivenni et al., “The micro-Resistive WELL detector: a compact spark-protected single
ampli cation-stage MPGD”, 2015_JINST_10_P02008)

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 IDEA’s preshower and muon detector

Preshower Detector Muon Detector
High resolution after the magnet Identify muons and search for LLPs
to improve cluster reconstruction
Efficiency > 98% Efficiency > 98%
Space Resolution < 100 µm Space Resolution < 400 µm
Mass production Mass production
Optimization of FEE channels/cost Optimization of FEE channels/cost

Barrel Preshower Endcap Preshower

50x50 cm2 2D tiles to

cover more than 4330 m2

Similar design for Preshower Muon

the Muon detector pitch = 0.4 mm pitch = 1.5 mm
Similar design for FEE capacitance = 70 pF FEE capacitance = 270 pF
the Muon detector 1.5 million channels 5 million channels
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 Resistivity validation
R&D to identify optimal DLC resistivity by studying spatial performance
Preshower: 10, 30, 50, 70, > 100-200 MOhm/square
Muon:15, 35 MOhm/square

strips

Effect of resistivity on charge spread

MC data MC data MC data

Test beam performed in October 2021 at SPS-H8 CERN line

Instrumented 5x40 cm2 1D µ-RWELL modules with SRS DAQ and

APV readout to have a comparison with previous results
G.Bencivenni et al., “Performance of μ-RWELL detector vs resistivity of the resistive stage”,
NIM A 886 (2018) 36

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 Test beam 2021

H8 Test beam 11/2021
New µ-RWELL prototypes
with 40cm long strips

a) Design optimization:
- different HV filter applied
b) Detector characterization strips
- HV scan at 0°
- HV scan at different angles and drift field

7 µ- R W E L L p r o t o t y p e s w i t h
resistivity varying between
10 and 80 MOhm/£
beam will allow to define best resistivity for
1- Signal shape

(cluster charge, cluster size)

final 50x50 cm2 detector
2 - Detector performance

(efficiency, space resolution)

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 Results

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 Results

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 2D µ-RWELL ideas
µ-RWELL with 2D anode readout 2 stacked 1D µ-RWELL µ-RWELL with strips
on top and anode
Good performance
1 view per µ-RWELL

but need higher gain wrt. to 1D easy PCB construction

HV on DLC,

µ-RWELL
2D performance to be TOP to ground

measured
More complex PCB construction
2D performance to be
measured
y strip

y strip

x strip
y strip
x strip x strip

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 Technology transfer with ELTOS

DLC sputtering with new INFN-
CERN machine @ CERN

Step 1: producing µ-RWELL_PCB

- with top patterned (pad/strip)
- without bottom patterned

Step 2: DLC patterning

- in ELTOS with BRUSHING-machine

Step 3: DLC foil gluing on PCB

- double 106-prepreg (~2x50 µm thick) (already used in
ELTOS)
- pre-smoothing + 106-prepreg (~50 µm thick)
- single 1080-prepreg (~75 µm thick)

Step 4: top copper patterning Finalization

Step 5: Kapton etching on small PCB Detector @ CERN for final

preparation

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 Test with TIGER electronics

Test with TIGER ASIC

Developed for BESIII CGEM-IT

Prepare new readout card based on

System On Modules (SOM)

Aim
Develop dedicated ASIC for µ-RWELL

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 Conclusions
µ-RWELL now is a mature technology
It is also considered for an upgrade of the LHCb Muon apparatus and for the spectrometer of
CLAS12 Jlab
IDEA detector concept is considered for both FCC-ee and CEPC future colliders
Preshower and muon detectors designed with the µ-RWELL technology
Both sub-detectors employ a very modular design with a basic 50x50 cm2 µ-RWELL “tile”
Studies aimed at defining the best DLC resistivity and strip pitch for the requested spatial resolution
of the preshower and muon detectors
2D µ-RWELL prototype characterization with a new test beam in 2022
Continue partnership with ELTOS (preparation) and CERN (finalization) to complete technology
transfer
Develop a new custom-made ASIC for µ-RWELL readout
Final design ready for next FCC-ee and CEPC descriptive document (2025-2027)

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 Backup

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 µ-RWELL technology

What is different with respect to a drift tube:

• µ-RWELL_PCB provides an amplification
stage applying a separate HV to the faces of
this layer
• The “WELL” acts as a multiplication (~4000
times) channel for the ionization produced in
the gas of the drift gap
• The charge induced on the resistive layer is
spread with a time constant, τ ~ ρ×C

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 µ-RWELL-based detectors
2022-2024 R&D program
Ø De ne the best resistivity of the DLC for both µ-RWELL fundamental tiles and build the 50×50 cm2 prototypes for
the pre-shower and muon systems
Ø Optimize the engineering mass construction process together with the ELTOS industry
Ø Develop a custom-made ASIC for the µ-RWELL with the experience obtained from the TIGER chip and to test the
µ-RWELL prototypes
Ø Develop a new reconstruction algorithm, ML-based, to improve the resolution of µ-RWELL
Ø Simulation of the CEPC decay channels of interest to optimize the detector design with special emphasis on Long
Lived Particles to show the impact of a performing tracked in the muon system instead of a tagger.

Development of a new ASIC

Ø Two large µ-RWell chambers M4 in Bologna
Ø Ferrara has procured the Tiger electronics
Ø Plan to start equipping the M4s with the TIGER next spring
Ø Use a cosmic telescope to characterize the detector and the
Strip length electronics and later to expose the chamber with the TIGER
~22.5 cm
electronics to a test beam
Ø Funding received to develop a new ASIC starting from the
experience of the TIGER.

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