Cellular Component

Immunology - Cellular Components
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bekrd1
1. Components of Innate Immunity? Neutrophils, macrophages, mono-

cytes, dendritic cells, natural killer
(NK) cells (lymphoid origin), comple-
ment, physical epithelial barriers, se-
creted enzymes
2. Mechanism of how innate immunity Germline encoded (on DNA)

components arise?
3. What is true of resistance in innate Persists through generations and

immunity? does not change within an organ-
isms lifetime
4. Innate immunity response to Nonspecific response; occurs rapidly

pathogens? (minutes to hours), no memory re-
sponse
5. Secreted proteins in Innate immuni- Lysozyme, complement, C-reactive

ty? protein (CRP), defensins
6. Key feature in innate immunity? Toll like receptors (TLRs)
7. TLRs are? A type of pattern recognition receptor

that recognizes pathogen associat-
ed molecular patterns (PAMPs) and
lead to activation of NF-kB.
8. Examples of PAMPs? LPS of the outer membrane of

gram-negative bacteria Flagellin in
flagella of bacteria
Peptidoglycan in the cell wall of
gram-positive bacteria
Nucleic acids in viruses
9. Components of Adaptive immunity? T cells, B cells, circulating antibodies
10. Mechanism of how adaptive immuni- Variation through VDJ recombination

ty components arise? during lymphocytes development
11. microbial resistance not heritable.

1 / 10
What is true of resistance in adaptive
immunity?
12. Adaptive immunity response to Highly specific, refined over time

pathogens? Develops over long periods
memory response is faster and more
robust
13. Secreted proteins in adaptive immu- Immunoglobulins

nity?
14. Key feature of Adaptive immunity? Memory B cells: Activated B and T

Explain. cells which allow stronger and quick-
er immune response after subse-
quent exposure to a previously en-
countered antigen.
15. Major Histocampatibility Complex HLA genes

(MHC) genes are encoded by?
Function? Present antigen fragments to T cells
and bind T cell receptors (TCRs).
Two types, MHC1 and MHC2.
16. MHC I loci? HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

Bind?
Structure? TCR and CD8
What expresses them?
1 long chain and 1 short chain
All nucleated cells, APCs, platelets
17. Function of MHC I? Present endogenous antigens (ie vi-

Associated proteins? ral or cytosolic proteins) to CD8+ cy-
Explain antigen loading on to MHC I. totoxic T cells
ß2 microglobulin
Antigen peptides loaded onto MHC I

in RER after delivery via TAP (trans-
2 / 10
porter associated with antigen pro-
cessing)
18. MHC I and MHC II structure image.
19. MHC II loci? HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR

Bind?
Structure? TCR and CD4
What expresses them?
2 equal length chains (2±and 2ß)
APCs
20. Function of MHC II? Present exogenous antigens (ie bac-

Associated proteins? terial proteins) to CD4+ T helper cells
Explain antigen loading on to MHC II.
Invariant chain
Antigen loaded following release of

invariant chain in an acidified endo-
some.
21. What disease is associated with Hemochromatosis

HLA-A3?
22. What disease is associated with Addison disease, myasthenia gravis,

HLA-B8? Graves disease
23. What disease is associated with Psoriatic arthritis, Ankylosing

HLA-B27? spondylitis, IBD associated arthri-
tis, and Reactive arthritis (these
are also known as seronegative
arthropathies)
3 / 10
24. What disease is associated with Psoriasis
HLA-C?
25. What disease is associated with Celiac Disease

HLA-DQ2/DQ8?
26. What disease is associated with Multiple sclerosis, hay fever, SLE,
HLA-DR2? Goodpasture syndrome
27. What disease is associated with DM type 1, SLE, Graves Disease,

HLA-DR3? Hashimotos thyroiditis, Addison dis-
ease
28. What disease is associated with Rheumatoid arthritis, DM type 1, Ad-

HLA-DR4? dison disease
29. What disease is associated with Hashimoto Thyroiditis

HLA-DR5?
30. Natural Killer T Cells are? A lymphocyte member of the innate

Use _____ to? immune system
Perforin and granzymes to induce

apoptosis of virally infected cells and
tumor cells
31. How can you enhance the activity of IL-2, IL-12, IFN-±,and IFN-ß
natural killer cells?
32. When are natural killers cells in- When exposed to a nonspecific acti-
duced to kill? vation signal on target cell and/or to
an absence of MHC I on target cell
surface
Also kills via antibody dependent cell
mediated toxicity
33. How are natural killer cells activated CD16 on NKC binds Fc region of
in antibody dependent cell mediated bound IgG on target cell, activating
toxicity? NKC
4 / 10
34. Major Functions of B cells? Humoral immunity
Recognize Antigen
Produce Antibody
Maintain Immunologic Memory
35. How does a B cell recognize antigen? Undergoes somatic hypermutation

to optimize antigen specificity
36. How does a B cell produce antibod- Differentiate into plasma cells to se-
ies? crete specific immunoglobulins
37. How does a B cell maintain immuno- Memory B cells persist and acceler-
logic memory? ate future response to antigen
38. Major Functions of T Cells? Cell Mediated Immunity

CD4+ T cells help B cells make anti-
bodies and produce cytokines to re-
cruit
CD8+ T cells directly kill virus infect-
ed cells
39. What cells are indicated in acute and T cells

chronic organ rejection?
40. What cells are indicated in delayed T cells

cell mediated hypersensitivity (Type
IV)?
41. Differentiation of T cells? Positive Selection occurs in the cor-

tex.
Negative Selection occurs in the

medulla.
42. Explain positive selection in the mat- In the thymic cortex only T cells ex-
uration of T cells. pressing TCRs capable of binding
5 / 10
self-MHC on cortical epithelial cells
survive.
43. Explain negative selection in the mat- In the thymic medulla T cells ex-
uration of T cells. pressing TCRs with high affinity for
self antigens undergo apoptosis or
become regulatory T cells. Those
that had moderate binding move on.
44. What is responsible for the expres- Action of autoimmune regulator

sion of tissue restricted self antigens (AIRE)
in the thymus?
A deficiency in this leads to? autoimmune polyendocrine syn-
drome-1
45. Th1 cell secretes? IFN-y, IL-2

Induced by?
Inhibited by? IFN-y, IL-12 (this is not a typo)
Associated immunodeficiency?
IL-4, IL-10 (from Th2)
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobac-

terial disease
46. Function of Th1 cell? Activates macrophages and cytotox-

ic T cells to kill phagocytosed mi-
crobes
47. Th2 cell secretes? IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13

Induced by?
Inhibited by? IL-2, IL-4
IFN-y (from Th1 cell)
48. Function of Th2 cell? Activates eosinophils and promotes

production of IgE for parasite de-
fense
49. Th17 cell secretes? IL-17, IL-21, IL-22

Induced by?
6 / 10
Inhibited by? TGF-ß, IL-1, IL-6
IFN-y, IL-4
Hyper IgE Syndrome
50. Function of Th17 cell? Immunity against extracellular mi-

crobes through induction of neu-
trophilic inflammation
51. Treg cell secretes? TGF-ß, IL-10, IL-35

Induced by?
Inhibited by? TGF-ß, IL-2
IL-6
IPEX Syndrome
52. Function of Treg cells? Help maintain specific immune toler-

ance by suppressing CD4 and CD8
T cell effector functions thus prevent-
ing autoimmunity through this main-
tenance of self antigens by using
CD152(CTLA-4) to compete for B7
binding
53. Explain the interaction between lym- Th1 cells secrete IFN-y which en-
phocytes and macrophages. hances the ability of monocytes and
macrophages to kill microbes they
ingest. This is also enhanced by in-
teraction of T cell CD40L with CD40
on macrophages
54. Cytotoxic T cells function? Kill virus infected, neoplastic, and

These cells have what marker which donor graft cells by inducing apopto-
allows them to bind to? sis through the release of cytotoxic
granules containing preformed pro-
teins such as perforin and granzyme
B.
7 / 10
CD8; MHC 1 on virus infected cells
55. Treg cells also known as? Activated Regulatory T Cells

How can we identify these cells?
They express CD3, CD4, CD25, and
FOXP3
56. What does IPEX in IPEX syndrome Immune Dysregulation, Polyen-

stand for? docrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked
57. IPEX syndrome is caused by ____ Genetic deficiency of FOXP3

leading to?
Characterized by? Enteropathy, endocrinopathy, nail
Associated with? dystrophy, dermatitis, and/or other
immune dermatologic conditions
diabetes in male infants
58. What are examples of APCs? Examples of Antigen Presenting

Cells include:
B cells, dendritic cells, langerhans

cells, macrophages
59. In T cells, B cells, and Ig class switch- 2 signals

ing what is required?
60. Explain Th cell activation. 1) Dendritic cells (specialized APC),

samples antigen, processes it, and
migrates to the draining lymph node
2) T cell activation (Signal 1): Antigen

is presented on MHC II and recog-
nized by TCR on CD4+ Th cell.
3) Proliferation and Survival (Signal

2): Costimulatory signal via interac-
tion of B7 protein (CD80/86) on den-
dritic cell and CD28 on naive T cell.
8 / 10
4) Th cell activates and produces cy-

tokines.
61. Explain Tc cell activation. 1) Dendritic cells (specialized APC),

samples antigen, processes it, and
migrates to the draining lymph node
2) T cell activation (Signal 1): En-

dogenous or cross-presented anti-
gen is presented on MHC I to CD8+
Tc Cell. *note Tc is cytotoxic T cell*
3) Proliferation and Survival (Signal

2): Costimulatory signal via interac-
tion of B7 protein (CD80/86) on den-
dritic cell and CD28 on naive T cell.
4)Tc cell activates and is able to rec-

ognize and kill virus infected cell.
62. Explain B cell Activation and class 1) Th cell activation occurs

switching.
2) B cell receptor mediated endocy-
tosis; foreign antigen is presented on
MHC II and recognized by TCR on Th
cell
9 / 10
3)CD40 on B cell binds CD40 ligand
(CD40L) on Th cell
4) Th cells secrete cytokines that

determine Ig class switching of B
cells. B cells are activated undergo
class switching and affinity matura-
tion, and being producing antibodies
10 / 10

Cellular Component

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Cellular Component

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Immunology - Cellular Components

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bekrd1

1. Components of Innate Immunity? Neutrophils, macrophages, mono-

2. Mechanism of how innate immunity Germline encoded (on DNA)

3. What is true of resistance in innate Persists through generations and

4. Innate immunity response to Nonspecific response; occurs rapidly

5. Secreted proteins in Innate immuni- Lysozyme, complement, C-reactive

6. Key feature in innate immunity? Toll like receptors (TLRs)

7. TLRs are? A type of pattern recognition receptor

8. Examples of PAMPs? LPS of the outer membrane of

9. Components of Adaptive immunity? T cells, B cells, circulating antibodies

10. Mechanism of how adaptive immuni- Variation through VDJ recombination

11. microbial resistance not heritable.

12. Adaptive immunity response to Highly specific, refined over time

13. Secreted proteins in adaptive immu- Immunoglobulins

14. Key feature of Adaptive immunity? Memory B cells: Activated B and T

15. Major Histocampatibility Complex HLA genes

16. MHC I loci? HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

All nucleated cells, APCs, platelets

17. Function of MHC I? Present endogenous antigens (ie vi-

Antigen peptides loaded onto MHC I

18. MHC I and MHC II structure image.

19. MHC II loci? HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR

20. Function of MHC II? Present exogenous antigens (ie bac-

Antigen loaded following release of

21. What disease is associated with Hemochromatosis

22. What disease is associated with Addison disease, myasthenia gravis,

23. What disease is associated with Psoriatic arthritis, Ankylosing

25. What disease is associated with Celiac Disease

27. What disease is associated with DM type 1, SLE, Graves Disease,

28. What disease is associated with Rheumatoid arthritis, DM type 1, Ad-

29. What disease is associated with Hashimoto Thyroiditis

30. Natural Killer T Cells are? A lymphocyte member of the innate

Perforin and granzymes to induce

35. How does a B cell recognize antigen? Undergoes somatic hypermutation

38. Major Functions of T Cells? Cell Mediated Immunity

39. What cells are indicated in acute and T cells

40. What cells are indicated in delayed T cells

41. Differentiation of T cells? Positive Selection occurs in the cor-

Negative Selection occurs in the

44. What is responsible for the expres- Action of autoimmune regulator

45. Th1 cell secretes? IFN-y, IL-2

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobac-

46. Function of Th1 cell? Activates macrophages and cytotox-

47. Th2 cell secretes? IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13

IFN-y (from Th1 cell)

48. Function of Th2 cell? Activates eosinophils and promotes

49. Th17 cell secretes? IL-17, IL-21, IL-22

Hyper IgE Syndrome

50. Function of Th17 cell? Immunity against extracellular mi-

51. Treg cell secretes? TGF-ß, IL-10, IL-35

52. Function of Treg cells? Help maintain specific immune toler-

54. Cytotoxic T cells function? Kill virus infected, neoplastic, and

CD8; MHC 1 on virus infected cells

55. Treg cells also known as? Activated Regulatory T Cells

56. What does IPEX in IPEX syndrome Immune Dysregulation, Polyen-

57. IPEX syndrome is caused by ____ Genetic deficiency of FOXP3

diabetes in male infants

58. What are examples of APCs? Examples of Antigen Presenting

B cells, dendritic cells, langerhans

59. In T cells, B cells, and Ig class switch- 2 signals

60. Explain Th cell activation. 1) Dendritic cells (specialized APC),

2) T cell activation (Signal 1): Antigen