1. Which of the following is an example of innate
Production of antibodies depends on:
immunity?
 Phagocytosis
2. A specific function of the immune system is to:
 Both a and b.
Recognize self from non self
Defend the body against non self
3. How are cytotoxic T cells (Tc Cells) and natural
killer (NK) cells similar?
 Effective against virally infected cells
4. Which of the following white blood cells is
capable of further differentiation in the tissues?
 Monocyte
5. A natural antibody has been stimulated by a
(an)
 unknown antigen
6. The immune system has distinctive
characteristics, such as immobility. True or false.
 False
7. Immunology is defined as the system
responsible for the recognition and disposal of
foreign (non self) material. True or false.
 True
8. Mechanisms of innate immunity:
 Both a and b
are activated immediately after infection
quickly begin to control multiplication.
9. The first line of defense against infection is:
 unbroken skin or mucous membranes.
10. Cell-mediated immunity is moderated by:
 both b and c
T lymphocytes
monocytes-macrophages
11. If microorganisms penetrate the first line of
defense, a second line of ________ forms
defense mechanisms that become operational.
 both a and b
cellular components
humoral components
12. Another name for Toll-like receptors is:
 pattern-recognition receptors.
13. Secondary antibody stimulation results in a
reaction that is termed
 Anamnestic
14. From the following, identify a specific
component of the adaptive immune system that
is formed in response to antigenic stimulation:
 Immunoglobulin
15. The process of inflammation is characterized
by all of the following except:
 Decreased capillary permeability
16. All of the following are immunological
functions of complement except:
 Induction of antiviral state
Induction of an antiviral state
Opsonization
Chemotaxis
Anaphylatoxin formation
17. Which two organs are considered the
primary lymphoid organs in which
immunocompetent cells originate and mature?
 Thymus and bone marrow
18. Which of the following cells is capable of
binding to and killing microorganisms?
 Neutrophil
19. All of the following are functions of
immunoglobulins except:
 Interacting with Tc cells to lyse viruses
20. Immunology is defined as the desirable and
undesirable consequences of immune
interactions.
 True
21. The "father" of immunology is generally
considered to be:
 Pasteur
22. B lymphocytes respond to:
 native antigenic determinants of
appropriate fit.
23. Enhancement of phagocytosis by coating of
foreign particles with serum proteins is called
 Opsonization
24. Which T cells expresses the CD8 marker and
acts specifically to kill tumors or virally infected
cells?
 T cytotoxic
25. The immune system has distinctive
characteristics, such as specificity.
 True
26. T lymphocytes respond to:
 antigens presented on the surface of an
antigen-presenting cell.
27. Cytokines:
 - are produced by lymphocytes
- act on various elements of the immune
system
- are molecular structures
28. Artificial passive immunity is achieved by:
 infusion or injection of preformed specific
antibody
29. Skin, lactic acid secretions, stomach acidity,
and the motion of cilia represent which type of
immunity?
 Natural
30. Which markers are found on mature,
peripheral helper T cells?
 CD 2, CD 3, CD 4
31. Which MHC class of antigens is necessary for
antigen recognition by CD4-positive T cells?
 Class II
32. Immunology is defined as the study of
molecules, cells, organs, and systems.
 True
33. Antibodies are produced by:
 B cells
34. The immune system has distinctive
characteristics, such as memory.
 True
35. An early form of immunization was practice
by the:
 Chinese
36. An undesirable consequence of immunity is:
 An autoimmune disorder
37. Which one of the following types of cells
secretes antibodies?
 B cells
38. Immunoglobulins consist of:
 Both A and B
2 light chains
2 heavy chains
39. The immunoglobulin with a pentamer
configuration is:
 IgM
40. Affinity is the:
 Basic attraction between antigen and
antibody
41. The first immunoglobulin produced after
exposure to an antigen is:
 IgM
42. The largest immunoglobulin is
 IgM
43. A synonym for an antibody is
 immunoglobulin
44.
 All of the above
- An individual's immunologic ability to
recognize an antigen as non-self
- An individual's immunologic ability to
respond to a foreign antigen
- The physical nature of an antigen
- The chemical nature of an antigen
45. In order to confirm the presence of an
antibody or antigen the test must be
 Specific
46. The immunoglobulin that mediates some
types of allergic reactions is
 IgE
47. Although both T and B lymphocytes can be
found in all lymphoid tissue, the highest
concentration of T cells is found in the
 Thymus
48. The part of the antigen that reacts
specifically with the antibody is
 Epitope
49. The immunoglobulin in highest amount in
the serum is
 IgG
50. Which region determines the class of an
immunoglobulin molecule?
 CH
51. Tears, saliva, and other body secretions
typically contain:
 IgA
52. An antigen is described as a substance that:
 all of the above
- stimulates antibody formation
- has the ability to bind to an antibody
- is capable of stimulating an immune
response
53. IgE is an important immunoglobulin because
it:
 all of the above
- mediates some types of hypersensitivity
(allergic) reactions
- is generally responsible for an
individual's immunity to invading
parasites
- binds strongly to a receptor on mast
cells and basophils and, with antigen,
mediates the release of histamines and
heparin from these cells
54. The predominant immunoglobulin in
secretions is
 IgA
55. The immunoglobulin capable of crossing the
placenta is
 IgG
56. Enhancement of phagocytosis by coating of
foreign particles with serum proteins is called:
 Opsonizatoin
57. The strength of the bond between an antigen
and antibody is:
 Affinity
58. In order to screen for the presence of an
antibody or antigen the test must be:
 Sensitive
59. The principal function of an antibody is to:
 Fix complement
60. The immunoglobulin with unknown function
is
 IgD
61. Lag phase
 No antibody is detectable
62. Log phase 81. If I have a bruise on my arm, which acute
 Antibody concentration increases rapidly phase reactant will bind the hemoglobin and
63. Plateau phase bring it to the liver to be cleared?
 Antibody titer is stabile  Haptoglobin
64. Decline phase 82. What is the name of the process by which
 Antibody is catabolized phagocytic cells are attracted toward a
65. An antigenic determinant: substance such as a bacterial peptide?
 all of the above  Chemotaxis
- is a specific chemical or molecular 83. The principal type of leukocyte in the process
configuration against which the immune of phagocytosis is the
response is directed  Monocyte
- can result in the production of 84. Cells that can act as antigen processing cells
antiimmunoglobulins (APCs) for exogenous antigens include
- can result in the production of  macrophages/monocytes and dendritic
antiglobulins cells
66. Antibodies are: 85. The type of immunity that follows the
 Glycoproteins injection of antibodies synthesized by another
67. Monoclonal antibodies are: individual or animal is termed
 all of the above  Passive
- able to recognize and bind to a specific 86. A major advantage of passive immunization
antigen as opposed to active immunization is that
- derived from a single clone of cells  antibody is available more quickly
- used to deliver immunotherapy 87. When a phagocytic cell engulfs a bacteria,
68. Red blood cells can be antigenic the bacteria in in the cellular compartment
 True known as
69. Cellular antigens of importance to  Phagosome
immunologists include: 88. Mast cells are the tissue form of which blood
 all of the above cell?
- histocompatibility antigens  Basophils
- autoantigens 89. The type of immunity that follows the
- blood group antigens injection of an antigen is termed
70. The primary function of an antibody in body  Active
defenses is to: 90. This complex system of proteins plays a
 combine with antigen number of different roles in the innate immune
71. Haptens are characterized as being: system
 antigenic when coupled to a carrier  Complement
molecule 91. Which complement components result in
72. Which of the following is a characteristic of the osmotic lysis of cells?
IgD?  membrane attack complex
 Extremely susceptible to proteolysis 92. Which complement pathway requires
73. A secondary antibody response can also be Immunoglobulin to become activated?
called a(n):  Classical
 all of the above 93. Which components do all three complement
- anamnestic response pathways have in common?
- response with greater concentrations of  C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9
IgG 94. Which complement component is most
- memory response commonly measured because it has the highest
74. Variable region blood concentration?
 Antigen-binding portion of the molecule  C3
75. Kappa and lambda 95. Which of the following is NOT one of the
 L chain complement activation pathways?
76. Which immunoglobulin (Ig) class is produced  coagulation pathway
in the highest concentration in a secondary 96. The insertion of the membrane attack
(anamnestic) response? complex on the bacterial surface causes one of
 IgG the following
77. The main process by which cells of the  osmotic cytolysis
Innate Immune system defend against foreign 97. What is the purpose of C3a, C4a, and C5a,
material is: the split products of the complement cascade?
 phagocytosis  to cause increased vascular permeability,
78. Which of the following cells involved in contraction of smooth muscle, and
innate immunity is NOT part of the myeloid release of histamine from basophils
blood cell line? 98. Which of the following complement
 Natural Killer Cells components is found in both the classic and
79. The first line of defense in protecting the alternative pathways?
body from infection includes all of teh following  C3
components EXCEPT 99. After activation of the complement system,
 Lymphocytes leukocytes and macrophages are attracted to the
80. Which of the following cells involved in site of complement activation by
innate immunity does not originate in the blood?  C5a
 dendritic cells 100. Which complement component is present
in the greatest concentration in human serum?
 C3
101. All of the following are immunologic
functions of complement EXCEPT
 production of antibodies
102. Which of the following is an opsonin?
 C3b
103. Which of the following complement
proteins is NOT part of the membrane attack
complex?
 C4
104. Which of the following is the worst clinical
deficiency to have?
 C3
105. The alternate pathway for complement
activation:
 A) bypasses steps C1-C4
B) can be activated by bacterial capsule
polysaccharides
C) can be activated by properdin
D) all of the above <----
106. For a substance to be immunogenic, it must
be
 recognized as non-self
107. Antigenic determinants and epitopes are
the same thing
 True
108. What type(s) of B cells are formed after
antigenic stimulation?
 plasma cells and memory B cells
109. Which of the following is considered the
site of B-cell maturation in adult humans?
 Bone marrow
110. Which two organs are considered the
primary lymphoid organs where
immunocompetent cells originate and mature?
 thymus and bone marrow
111. From the following, identify a specific
component of the adaptive immune system that
is formed in response to antigenic stimulation:
 Immunoglobulin
112. Which cell is a helper cell?
 CD4+ T cell
113. Another term for adaptive immunity is:
 acquired immunity
114. All of the following are secondary lymphoid
tissue EXCEPT:
 A) bone marrow <----
B) tonsils
C) lymph nodes
D) spleen
115. Which molecules are most immunogenic?
 Proteins
116. Which is correct about MHC class II
molecules?
 they are involved in the presentation of
endogenous antigens
117. Helper T cells interact with:
 class II molecules
118. Becoming specialized or transformed into
plasma cells like B cells after activation by
antigens is called:
 Differentiation
119. Which T cell expresses the CD8 marker and
acts specifically to kill tumor or virally infected
cells?
 T Cytotoxic
120. CD4 on T cells binds to
 MHC Class II Molecules
121. Plasma cells secrete _________________
rather than expressing them on their cell surface.
 Immunoglobulins
122. T cells mature in the:
 Thymus
123. The major class of immunoglobulin found in 145. Cell origin of antibodies. Key in Lock, side
adult human serum is: chain theory of antibody formation
 IgG  Paul Ehrlich
124. Which class of immunoglobulin possesses 146. Second thermolabile factor for cell lysis or a
10 potential antigenic binding sites? series of non protein specific substance
 IgM (complement)
125. Which immunoglobulin class most often  Jules Bordet
exists as a dimer? 147. Anaphylactic reation. Do both good and
 IgA harm. Actinatira.
126. Which immunoglobulin class(es) has/have a  Charles Richet and Paul Portier
J chain in their structure? 148. Humoral and Cellular factors in normal
 IgM and IgA tissue response. Antibodies or serum factors
127. Which immunoglobulin class is the formed from the exposure to foreign substances
predominant class found in secretions?  Almoth Wright
 IgA
128. Which of the following statements applies
to the Fc fragment of an immunoglobulin
molecule?
 it is produced by the action of papain on
a complete immunoglobulin molecule
129. Which class of immunoglobulin possesses
delta heavy chains?
 IgD
130. science of detection and measuremnt of
antibodies and antigens
 serology
131. attach to only one specific part of one
molecule/antigen
 monoclonal antibodies
132. Characterized by local redness, swelling,
and pain
 Inflammation
133. An infection-induced systemic condition
 Sepsis
134. A majo;r factor in the killing of bacteria
within a vacuole is:
 Hydrogen peroxide
135. The name of the process that promotes
attraction of phagocytic cells toward a foreign
particle is:
 Chemotaxis
136. Deficiency of a-glucocerebrosidase
 Gaucher's disease
137. When mature T lymphocytes leave the
thymus, their T cell receptors are either CD4+ or:
 CD8+
138. The CD cell surface membrane marker that
appears during the first stage of T lymphocyte
development and remains present as an
identifying marker to T lymphocytes is:
 CD2
139. Mononuclear cells are effective phagocytic
cells against:
 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
140. Inhale small pox scabs for immunity
 Chinese
141. Vaccination. Relation of cowpox to small
pox immunity.
 Edward Jenner
142. Microbiology and Immunology. Old cultures
do not cause disease. Injection of more virulent
strains shows no manifestation.

Attenuation - Process of making an organism

avirulent
 Louis Pasteur
143. Phagocytosis in transparent starfish larva.
 Ellie Metchnikoff
144. Developed diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin

Foundation of Serotherapy
 Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo
Kitasato